Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent Pitt study found that a four-day testing period for pesticide exposure may not account for long-term effects on humans and animals. The highly toxic pesticide endosulfan exhibited a 'lag effect' with delayed toxicity surfacing after direct contact had ended.
A 10-year global flea monitoring program has confirmed imidacloprid's long-standing efficacy in killing fleas. The study, which analyzed over 1,000 flea samples from around the world, found no reduced susceptibility to imidacloprid.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute for Learning and Memory discovered that brain waves regulate the timing of attention shifts in the visual system. The study found that brain waves cycle between high and low activity states, providing a framework for shifting attention from one location to another.
Researchers discovered that insect circadian rhythms affect pesticide susceptibility, with defenses strongest during mid-day and weakest around dawn or dusk. This knowledge may lead to improved pest control strategies and reduced pesticide use.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that carnitine supplementation improves glucose tolerance in obese rats by restoring their cells' fuel-burning capacity. This breakthrough offers potential therapy options for people with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and kidney disease.
Researchers have found that certain orchids, including the Dendrobium sinense species on the Chinese island of Hainan, produce a chemical mimicry that fools hornet pollinators. This unique deception is achieved through the production of Z-11-eicosen-1-ol, a rare compound that attracts hornets and other wasps.
A study published in PNAS reveals that a period of global warming from 53-47 million years ago led to a biodiversity boom in western North America, with many new species of mammals appearing. However, as temperatures declined, diversity decreased and many mammalian groups went extinct.
Researchers are developing a new technique using human stem cells to study ALS, reducing the need for animal experiments. Dr Vasanta Subramanian will use Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPS cells) from adult skin cells to analyze genes causing the disease.
Researchers investigated deet's mode of action and toxicity, finding it inhibits the activity of a key central nervous system enzyme, acetycholinesterase, in both insects and mammals. This discovery questions the safety of deet, particularly when used with other chemicals.
Researchers have identified a four-gene region on chromosome 6 that affects cattle carcass weight, known as the CW-2 genotype. This discovery could accelerate the breeding of meatier cattle by identifying genetic markers for selection.
Researchers found that dolphins tend to perform simple movements at the water surface, similar to how humans use short words in human language. The study, published in Complexity journal, analyzed dolphin behavior patterns and showed that they obey the same law of brevity as human language.
A study at the University of Exeter found that grey squirrels learn more quickly when rewarded for recognizing a different pot, suggesting they prioritize gathering and storing nuts. The research also shows that squirrels are primed to recognize other squirrels as potential food thieves.
A UC Riverside-led study found that ancient lake deposits in South China harbor the first animal fossils, dating back 600 million years. The discovery raises questions about where early animals lived and how they adapted to their environment.
Research by José Luis Martín Esquivel reveals inconsistencies between IUCN Red List criteria and the conservation status of species on the Canary Islands. The scientist argues that continental-based thresholds may not be suitable for island ecosystems, leading to over-inclusion of species not at risk.
A recent study suggests that chimps respond to faces in a similar manner to humans, capturing attention more effectively than other objects. Reaction times improved when the target appeared behind the image of a chimpanzee face.
A new monitoring system developed by Johns Hopkins researchers allows for the non-invasive pinpointing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mouse lungs, speeding up preclinical testing of TB drugs and vaccines. This innovation enables fewer animals to be used, reducing the need for lengthy and complicated regimens.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered that the brain can develop a mental map of a solution to achieve motor tasks with high proficiency, similar to how drivers stick to a given route. The study showed that the brain creates a stable neural pattern that adheres without deviation, enabling control of artificial limbs with intuitive ease.
Macaque monkeys learned to control a robotic device using brain signals and formed stable motor memories, demonstrating stability, rapid recall, and resistance to interference. This breakthrough could lead to more natural neuroprosthetic devices for physically disabled individuals.
Researchers have identified a suite of genes involved in controlling the extreme survival mechanism of Arctic springtails against freezing temperatures. These genes are activated during cold-induced dehydration and play roles in trehalose production, heat shock proteins, and tissue remodeling.
Scientists have identified a distinct new species of insect, Tyrrhenoleuctra antoninoi, living on the Balearic Islands. The study reveals genetic differences between this population and others found in the Western Mediterranean region.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered a gene that activates in mouse embryonic stem cells, allowing them to grow and divide rapidly in the lab. This breakthrough could enable scientists to maintain ES cells from other species, leading to new discoveries in medical research.
A study published in BMC Biology found that erythropoietin boosts brainpower in healthy young mice, improving sequential learning and memory components. The growth factor showed superior performance in associative, operant, and discriminant learning tasks.
Researchers use DNA in feathers to create tags that reveal population sizes, parentage, roosting patterns, and sex ratios. This technique allows for easier study of larger populations without capturing birds.
A study published in the Journal of Evolutionary Biology found that parents who slack off compensate with increased effort from their partner, but this is not enough to fully offset parenting responsibilities. Researchers analyzed data on bird parenting behavior over three decades and found a common pattern among species.
Research by Dr Teresa Valencak reveals that Brown hares regulate energy expenditure to maintain reproductive success, preventing excessive investment in offspring. This active control allows females to balance growth and body repairs with energy demands for reproduction.
Researchers at the University of Washington have found that flexible moths' wings are better suited for flight due to their ability to generate more lift and airflow velocity. This discovery challenges traditional assumptions about wing structure and function in insects.
Research finds that mice fed sunflower oil (n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids) run faster than those on linseed oil (n-3 fatty acids), achieving a 6.3% boost in sprint speed. This effect is significant for small mammals, such as mice and their predators.
Yun-Hwa Peggy Hsieh is developing two new immunoassays to detect fish allergens and pork fat in raw and processed food products. The tests aim to protect consumers with allergies or dietary restrictions, particularly Muslims and Jews who avoid pork consumption.
Researchers engineered mice with a duplication of the autism-linked chromosomal region and found they exhibited behaviors associated with human autism, including poor social interaction and repetitive behavior. The study provides a valuable model for therapeutic development and sheds light on the molecular pathways underlying autism.
Researchers used a 'neurologger' device to record pigeon brain activity while flying over familiar terrain. The study found that pigeons respond to visual cues with distinct brain patterns, including high-frequency oscillations reflecting memory processing.
A University of Minnesota study found that environmental cues trigger delayed reproduction to prolong lifespan and increase genetic impact. This discovery has significant implications for understanding human aging and developing strategies to improve health.
Researchers at MU develop method to transform fibroblasts from a pig's connective tissues into induced pluripotent stem cells. The new approach eliminates genetic incompatibility issues and allows for long-term animal models, paving the way for more accurate tests of stem cell therapies.
A lack of serotonin in the brain slows mouse growth and impairs maternal behavior, but not overall survival. Female mice with deficient serotonin still give birth and produce milk, but their offspring suffer poor survival rates.
Researchers at Oregon State University have completed the largest animal study in toxicology, challenging basic concepts of carcinogen risk assessment. The findings suggest that some chemicals may be safe at levels far higher than currently believed, and traditional methods need re-evaluation.
A new study by the Wildlife Conservation Society reveals that analyzing fecal DNA can accurately estimate tiger populations. This non-invasive technique allows researchers to identify individual animals and establish baseline numbers in areas where camera trapping is impractical.
Researchers at UBC developed a new method to study gambling addictions by creating an animal laboratory experiment. The study found that rodents' ability to play the odds was impaired with drugs that reduce serotonin levels and improved with those that reduce dopamine levels, providing insights into human gambling behaviors.
A new study suggests that common fish species, such as the nine-spined stickleback, can compare behavior and make choices based on personal experience, leading to better food supplies. This sophisticated social learning capability, called 'hill-climbing', challenges the idea that big brains are necessary for cumulative culture.
Researchers found that an opioid peptide, DADLE, protected against experimental stroke in rats, preventing cell death and behavioral abnormalities. The study suggests a new pharmacological target for stroke therapy.
A new review of existing research reveals same-sex behavior is a nearly universal phenomenon in the animal kingdom. However, researchers have focused primarily on understanding the genetic and neural mechanisms behind this behavior rather than its potential evolutionary consequences.
Researchers have demonstrated the long-term safety and efficacy of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium in animal models of eye diseases. The therapy has shown functional rescue in both RCS rat and Elov14 mouse, with sustained visual function without tumor formation or untoward pathological reactions.
In Drosophila montana, males try to prolong copulation to increase their chances of fathering offspring. The researchers found that when females were prevented from dislodging the copulating male, matings lasted one-and-a-half times longer.
A study published in BMC Biology has identified 59 genetic mutations in 57 genes that impact the behavior of fruit flies. Researchers found that certain mutations increase aggression, while others make the flies more placid.
Researchers found that BPA exposure during pregnancy leads to a permanent change in the DNA of offspring, affecting uterine development and fertility. The study's findings suggest that pregnant women should avoid BPA exposure to minimize potential harm to their unborn children.
The first study of a rare egg-laying mammal, the long-beaked echidna, reveals elusive habits and provides new data on nocturnal foraging behaviors and home-range sizes. The research, published in Journal of Mammalogy, informs conservation strategies for the species threatened by hunting and habitat loss.
African bird species are at risk of getting stuck in environments that will become too hostile for them to survive due to climate change. The research found that natural features of the landscape, such as mountain ranges and tropical forests, create barriers that many birds cannot cross.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that snakes use their scales to generate friction with the ground, allowing them to move efficiently. By redistributing their weight, snakes are able to maximize thrust and propel themselves forward with minimal effort.
A recent study by Georgia State University researchers found that chimpanzees are cognitively able to understand trade but lack the ability to spontaneously barter without human enforcement. Humans, on the other hand, have a reputation system that fosters confidence in trade, which may be unique among primates.
A comprehensive investigation into sea urchins' axial complex has shown that various internal organs are structurally linked. The study uses high-resolution imaging to analyze specimens from multiple orders, providing a re-evaluation of published studies spanning two centuries.
Researchers found that snakes' belly scales provide a preferred direction of motion, making snake movement similar to wheels or ice skates. This study's findings contradict previous studies suggesting snakes push laterally against rocks and branches.
The woolly mammoth genome contains the largest proportion of interspersed repeats in mammals, with a single class accounting for nearly 12% of its genome. The findings support the hypothesis that these elements were acquired horizontally from another organism.
A Purdue University study found that animals make complex decisions about choosing mates, considering multiple factors beyond major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. Tail length also plays a role in reproductive success, with larger males being more likely to be chosen as sires.
Researchers analyzed fossil teeth from two sites in Florida representing different climates and found dramatic changes in mammalian diets during interglacial periods. The study suggests that climate-driven environmental changes can lead to shifts in animal groups' dietary niches, complicating future modeling of mammal distributions.
Researchers found that interglacial warming resulted in dramatic changes to the diets of animal groups, with some becoming mixed feeders that grazed on grasses. The study highlights the importance of the fossil record in understanding long-term ecological responses to climate change.
Researchers at Scripps Florida have created a faster method to distinguish between different infectious prion strains, which can cause diseases in animals and humans. The new approach reduces the time lag for identification from six months to four months, allowing scientists to accelerate research and better understand disease risks.
In diverse habitats, species in variable climates sing more complex tunes, indicating environmental adaptability. This connection reveals that birds may use song complexity as a display of learning ability and intelligence.
An experimental vaccine delivered through the skin appears to protect against certain types of ear infections. The study, conducted by researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital, found that transcutaneous immunization effectively prevents experimental ear infections caused by NTHi bacteria.
Researchers will build an underwater virtual reality 'holodeck' to study cephalopod camouflage, measuring light fields and behavior in different environments. The goal is to understand the nature of their vision, color perception, and skin optical properties.
Researchers uncover Komodo dragons' venom composition, which combines teeth and venom for lethal effects, contradicting earlier theories. The venom causes severe blood loss, inducing shock in victims.
A North Carolina State University-developed machine allows researchers to test and refine technologies in a realistic surgical environment, saving time and money. The 'dynamic heart system' enables researchers to conduct 'proof of concept' evaluations before testing on live animals, making the development process more efficient.
A new study reveals that Michigan mammal species are rapidly expanding their ranges northward in response to climate change. This shift is replacing historically northern species with southern equivalents, which could have significant ecological implications.