Articles tagged with Animal Research
Researchers discovered that aging reduces sensitivity to light in the brain's circadian rhythm control center, affecting the SCN's ability to set a stable circadian rhythm. This structural change in the glutamate receptor impairs its function, contributing to age-related disruptions in sleep patterns and overall wellbeing.
Researchers at Uppsala University discovered a peptide toxin in the bootlace worm that can paralyze and kill crustaceans and cockroaches, with potential applications in agricultural insecticides. The toxin affects sodium channels, causing electric signalling in nerves and muscles, leading to paralysis.
Aquatic mammals are bounded by need to retain heat and difficulties gathering food, limiting their size. The study found that smaller ancestors like dog relatives increased in size more than larger ancestors like hippos to reach an optimal weight of around 1,000 pounds.
Stanford researchers found that aquatic mammal size is bounded by the need to retain heat and difficulties getting enough food. The group analyzed body masses for over 3,800 species and found a convergent evolution toward around 1,000 pounds.
The Laramie Foothills Bison Conservation Herd has welcomed its first IVF-calved female, conceived using eggs and sperm from Yellowstone genetics. The breakthrough could provide a solution for conserving endangered species like the Northern white rhinoceros.
Researchers have discovered specific enzymes in honeybees and bumblebees that enable them to metabolize neonicotinoid insecticides safely. This knowledge can be used to design bee-friendly insecticides, potentially reducing the harm caused by these chemicals to pollinators.
Researchers followed decomposing carcasses to better understand fossil formation, revealing incomplete remains and distorted life histories. This study helps create accurate pictures of ancient animals and ecosystems.
Researchers estimate jaguar spatial needs and movements in Gran Chaco and Pantanal ecosystems. Jaguars require large home ranges, up to 15 km daily movements, and are affected by deforestation rates, leading to conflict with humans.
Scientists propose a new strategy using insect-yeast ecology to inform the search for industrially relevant yeasts. Insects are drawn to yeasts due to their sugar presence, and these mutualistic relationships can lead to yeast deposition in new environments.
Researchers at STRI found that predatory bats can learn to recognize new foods from other bat species as quickly as they do from their own species. This ability helps explain how bats adapt to environmental changes and survive in their ecosystems.
Researchers studied the behavior of southern pied babblers in the Kalahari Desert, finding that better prospects and family dynamics influence when offspring disperse. Female birds tend to remain at home in larger groups, while males leave for improved chances of leading a group elsewhere.
Researchers analyzed ancient animal remains from Ceibal, Guatemala, revealing widespread Maya animal management earlier than thought. The findings suggest that captive animals played a significant role in the development of state society among the Maya.
The use of animal models in type 2 diabetes research is limited by interspecies differences and has proven inadequate to impact disease course, outcomes, and spread. Human-relevant research methods are increasingly being used, including imaging techniques, biological testing, and innovative approaches.
Researchers discover vascular alterations in small blood vessels of mice with advanced Alzheimer's disease, affecting female mice more severely. The study finds correlations between vascular structure and function, anxiety levels, and cognitive functions.
A study by McGill University researchers reveals that birds with high problem-solving skills have higher levels of a neurotransmitter receptor associated with human intelligence. The findings provide insight into the evolutionary mechanisms affecting cognitive traits in animals.
MIT engineers develop a 'physiome on a chip' that connects engineered tissues from up to 10 organs, allowing accurate replication of human organ interactions for weeks. This technology could reveal potential side effects of drugs and improve evaluation before human testing.
New research shows that banded mongooses living in large groups adopt specialized diets to avoid fighting over food. This adaptation allows them to reduce competition and maintain group harmony.
Researchers developed a light-activated genetic switch that can turn genes on and off in mammalian cells using red and far-red light. The switch relies on two insights: creating an electron transfer system and placing the molecular synthesis in mitochondria, allowing for precise gene control.
A meta-analysis of 100 studies across 44 species reveals captive-born animals have significantly lower reproductive success rates compared to their wild-born counterparts. This finding highlights the need for improvement in animal breeding programs to boost sustainability and maintain food supply.
A new study finds that climate change could lead to local extinction of up to 25% of plant and animal species in the world's most biodiverse areas. If carbon emissions continue to rise unchecked, these places could lose half of their species by the turn of the century.
Researchers found that common ravens use food calls to convey age and sex information, allowing individuals to assess competition and decision-making processes. This cognitive ability enables ravens to extract useful data from these vocal signals, which may aid in foraging success.
The special issue presents 13 research papers by 35 authors on contemporary myriapod research, including new species discoveries and molecular phylogenetic studies. The collection also includes an editorial and a paper on the online platform VIRMISCO.
A new study found that larger hummingbirds are more fuel efficient than smaller species, thanks to their ability to increase mechanochemical efficiency. This allows them to conserve energy while maintaining hovering flight, which is a remarkable feat given the high metabolic rates required for this activity.
Agricultural production can lead to biodiversity loss; optimized land use can minimize this impact. Ten countries can already reduce expected biodiversity loss by one third if they follow the researchers' suggestions.
Researchers found that helping behavior can be more advantageous in unpredictable environments, where staying home to raise relatives can provide a survival advantage. This challenges the long-held theory of Haldane's rule, which explains why some animals prioritize their own reproduction over helping others.
Therapy animals are used in mental and physical health treatment, but lack regulation; guidelines aim to prevent misuse and misunderstanding. The new recommendations include standard terminology, clear methodologies, peak bodies, and ongoing research.
Computer-generated chimpanzee simulations become more accurate thanks to simple changes in machine learning algorithms. The research also reveals that all primates walk with a unique 'curious' gait, which may be linked to stability while moving through trees.
A new study finds that large forest birds such as raptors and hornbills are being killed for bushmeat, leading to a decline in their populations. The research also reveals a surprising link between education levels and hunting habits, suggesting that higher education levels may be contributing to the problem.
Researchers found that in vitro testing is no help in predicting which nanoparticles successfully enter cells in living animals. A new DNA barcoding technique allows testing of over 100 nanoparticles simultaneously in a single animal, accelerating the development of gene therapies.
A recent UC Davis study suggests that local ordinances for backyard poultry are inadequate, with laws not keeping pace with those for commercial growers. The study recommends stronger regulations on vaccinations, manure management, and general animal welfare in urban settings.
The Morris Animal Foundation has awarded nearly $1 million in grants for 11 canine research projects focused on combating deadly diseases like cancer and spinal cord disease. These studies aim to improve the health and well-being of dogs, enabling them to live longer and healthier lives.
A new study found that US animal-related fatalities remained stable from 2008-2015, with most deaths caused by nonvenomous animals like farm animals and dogs. The majority of fatalities were preventable, highlighting the need for education and targeted public policy to reduce animal-related deaths.
Researchers found that Risso's dolphins gather information from previous dives and combine it with present experience to optimize their dives. The dolphins adjust their strategy based on the depth distribution and availability of prey, showcasing advanced planning abilities.
A new study confirms the value of iDNA methods in biodiversity surveys, identifying certain ground birds and bats for the first time. Leeches can be used to survey more rapidly and confidently identify small mammal species, making them an extremely useful tool for conservation purposes.
Researchers used 3D digital models to reconstruct Cloudina fossils, finding they were detritus and not the architects of early animal reefs. The study suggests reef building likely emerged around 20 million years later than initially thought.
Researchers aim to understand BPA's pro-arrhythmic effects and its potential cardiac toxicity using animal models and human data from the Fernald Medical Monitoring Program. The study also examines the cardiac impact of Bisphenol S (BPS), a substitute for BPA.
Marine animals such as seals, whales, sharks, turtles, seabirds, and others exhibit similar movement patterns globally, despite differences in geography, phylogeny, or travel mode. In coastal areas, tracking data show complex search behavior, while open ocean movements are more predictable.
Researchers found that North Atlantic right whales produce clearer, longer calls with age, defying previous predictions of physical maturity. This study suggests that whales have more control over their voices, potentially sending more complex information.
In humans, a massive wave of electrochemical energy release in the brain occurs after oxygen deprivation, known as 'spreading depolarization', which can trigger pathophysiological cascades. Researchers have found that this event is similar to animal studies and that it remains reversible if circulation is restored before nerve cells die.
A study mapped global movements of whales, sharks, sea birds, and polar bears to understand ocean travel patterns. Despite size differences, marine animals move similarly through the ocean.
An ASU study has shed light on the biodiversity of anole lizard family trees by comparing their genomes with those of other animals. The research found that genes involved in interbrain development, color vision, and hormones may contribute to species boundaries.
A study of 20 ancient horses found they are direct ancestors of Przewalski's horses, contrary to previous thought. Their return to a wild state led to changes such as the loss of leopard spotting and night blindness.
Researchers found that using more diverse study samples can significantly improve the reproducibility of experimental results in pre-clinical animal research. By combining data from multiple studies, they showed that multi-laboratory studies produce more consistent results than single-laboratory studies.
Dr Gisela Kopp, a biologist at the University of Konstanz's Max Planck Institute, will receive a five-year fellowship to explore unusual research questions and new avenues of thought. The award aims to support early career researchers from MINT disciplines with innovative and interdisciplinary approaches.
A new model based on ground-running birds can predict the locomotion of bipedal dinosaurs by analyzing their speed and body size. The BIRDS Model uses just two inputs to estimate stride length and force exerted per step, providing insights into extinct theropod dinosaur movement.
A team of researchers has invented tiny, light-powered wires that can modulate brain electrical signals, promising a new approach to understanding and treating brain disorders like Parkinson's disease and psychiatric conditions. The nanowires use silicon and gold to trigger neurons to fire electrical signals.
Wild grey squirrels were more successful at solving complex problems than native red squirrels, with over 90% cracking the difficult task. The study suggests superior behavioural flexibility may have facilitated their dominance in the UK.
Scientists from the University of Bonn and the US study a newly hatched dumbo octopus for the first time, revealing surprising similarities with adult animals. The rare find provides valuable insights into the extraordinary habitat of deep-sea dumbo octopuses.
Despite centuries of assumption, a systematic literature review reveals no evidence that water birds transfer fish eggs into isolated bodies of water. The majority of experts surveyed found the theory plausible, but empirical evidence is lacking.
A new study finds that Robusta beans can support higher densities of sensitive avian populations and harbor substantial biodiversity benefits. Arabica beans, on the other hand, are more species rich but may pose deleterious impacts for forest wildlife due to intensive full-sun agricultural systems.
A recent study by UL and Johns Hopkins University found that artificial intelligence (AI) is superior to traditional animal testing in detecting toxic substances. The AI-powered software, REACHAcross™, can predict chemical toxicity with high accuracy and speed, reducing the need for animal testing.
Researchers explore mechanisms protecting animals from chronic kidney disease, such as naked mole rats' longevity and hibernation adaptations. Biomimetics collaboration could lead to novel therapeutic approaches and improved human health.
The study reveals that Bornean orangutan populations are declining faster than expected, with deforested areas and agricultural land showing the most significant rates of decline. However, some populations appear to be relatively stable, highlighting the need for urgent conservation efforts to prevent further losses.
Researchers discovered a new badger behaviour where some males range widely across multiple territories, gaining access to more female badgers and potentially increasing disease transmission. This finding could help pinpoint areas of high risk for TB transmission, informing effective vaccination strategies.
Researchers found that varied burning regimes increase the variety of bird and mammal species in wet savannas, allowing geographically rare birds to coexist with more common species. This study suggests that fire can be an effective tool for promoting biodiversity in conservation areas.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers from the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute successfully reversed the formation of amyloid plaques in mice with Alzheimer's disease by gradually depleting the enzyme BACE1. This approach improved cognitive function and had significant benefits for the animals' health.
A University of Adelaide study found that monitoring wildlife using drones is more accurate than traditional counting approaches. The #EpicDuckChallenge used fake bird colonies to test the technology, with citizen scientists tallying the number of birds in drone photos, resulting in a higher accuracy rate.
Scientists recorded over 4,500 sounds from tagged blue whales to analyze their calling patterns and behaviors. The study found that male whales were chattier at night, producing more calls than females, which may aid in reproduction.
Scientists at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center have developed an experimental molecular therapy that restores nerve insulation in mice, improving limb function and reducing discomfort. The treatment targets the enzyme HDAC3, which is involved in epigenetic changes that restrict myelin regeneration.
Researchers have discovered that narwhals congregate near glacier fjords with specific physical properties, suggesting a preference for freshwater environments. The study aims to better understand the impact of climate change on these elusive marine mammals.