Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new vaccine developed by researchers at the University of Iowa reduces lung inflammation caused by dust-mite allergens in both lab and animal tests. The vaccine uses a booster called CpG to alter the body's immune response, producing antibodies that dampen the damaging effects of dust-mites.
Researchers found that currently used pesticides are not biomagnified in Arctic food chains. Instead, Arctic mammals metabolize these pesticides, preventing their accumulation in the ecosystem.
Researchers found that flocking starlings aim to maintain an optimum density to gather data on surroundings, creating a dynamic pattern of light and dark. This pattern is crucial for individual birds within the flock to gather vital information.
Researchers found that lipoic acid improved liver function and synchronized circadian rhythms in older animals, suggesting a potential breakthrough in understanding its benefits for human health. The study sheds light on the role of circadian rhythms in various biological processes and their dysfunction with age.
Rapidly accumulating molecular sequence data is changing our understanding of major animal groups' evolution. Organismal biologists are needed to ensure their scenarios remain consistent with new information and evaluate alternative perspectives.
Researchers have created a new test to quickly identify snakes infected with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, a fungus killing snakes in the Midwest and eastern US. The test allows for early intervention and potential treatment of infected snakes.
The first issue of Current Opinion in Insect Science is now available for free online on ScienceDirect, featuring articles on insect body size, genetics, and social structure. The journal aims to provide a unique platform for specialists to keep up-to-date with the expanding volume of information published in the field of insect science.
Aquaculture contributes to reduced wild fish stocks, contamination with heavy metals, and antibiotic use. However, sustainable operations can provide jobs and nutritious seafood while conserving resources.
A new model analyzing bird responses to climate change suggests that precipitation, not temperature, is the key factor influencing population trends. The study found that changes in precipitation can affect plant growth, soil moisture, and insect abundance, leading to declines in certain species.
Researchers found that species with placentas tend to have smaller males with reduced bright colors and courtship displays. This discovery links sexual selection and placenta formation, suggesting that the evolution of complex organs like placentas is influenced by mating strategies.
A new U.S. Forest Service study introduces a network model to assess risk of forest pest spread via recreational travel. The model identifies likely origin and destination locations for campers transporting infested firewood, enhancing survey and public education efforts.
Research found that wolf pack fate and reproduction are affected by breeding female deaths, with smaller packs more vulnerable. The study suggests wolves can compensate for breeder loss through rapid replacement or increased reproductive success.
Researchers discovered a significant difference in the contents and distribution of mobile DNA elements between fruit fly populations on opposite sides of Evolution Canyon. The study found that these repetitive sequences are increasingly recognized as agents of adaptive change, influencing stress resistance and mating.
Late-born dormice use power napping to catch up with earlier-born counterparts, achieving similar sizes by winter. This strategy also allows them to conserve energy and water during periods of food scarcity.
Researchers discovered a specialized ligament structure in giraffes that prevents leg collapse under immense weight. The suspensory ligament, found in long-necked animals, enables giraffes to stand upright without active muscle engagement, reducing fatigue.
A team of researchers combined 3D technologies with advanced range estimator tools to provide detailed data on wildlife species' range and movements. This project utilized the San Diego Supercomputer Center's resources to create highly detailed data sets and visualizations, enabling faster calculations and improved accuracy.
Researchers have identified specific neural groups in female fruit flies that regulate their choice to mate, revealing new clues for understanding human sexual behavior. These findings could provide a starting point for exploring the neural mechanisms underlying courtship behaviors in other species.
Researchers used novel tools to examine how manta rays use Palmyra's lagoons as breeding grounds and feeding areas, finding that food is a key driver of their presence. The study highlights the importance of protecting lagoons from human disturbance and habitat degradation to conserve this vulnerable species.
Tiny aquatic creatures called Cloudina built reefs in ancient seas using natural cement composed of calcium carbonate. Their fossilized remains are the oldest reefs of their type in the world, dating back to the Ediacaran Period.
A new literature review challenges decades-old risk assessment methods used for toxicologists, arguing that oral gavage does not accurately model human dietary exposures. The authors propose exploring alternatives to mimic human exposures when there are multiple routes of exposure and chronic exposure.
A recent panel discussion at the Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting & Expo highlighted the need to identify vulnerable populations and fill research gaps related to caffeine's interactions with other energy drink ingredients. The FDA has begun an internal evaluation of caffeine's safety and is expected to issue guidelines.
Researchers found that competing with sheep had a far greater effect on Chamois than predicted effects of future climate change. The study reveals an alternative strategy to help threatened species adapt to climate change by restricting competitor expansion.
University of Washington researchers have confirmed the presence of ferroelectric switching in biological tissues, particularly in proteins found in organs that repeatedly stretch and retract. This phenomenon may help build and support healthy connective tissues in mammals and potentially detect early stages of hardening of arteries.
New study reveals emperor penguins may adapt to changing environments better than expected, moving among colonies and challenging long-held assumptions about their behavior. The research uses satellite images to track colony movements, showing that penguins do not return to the same location every year to nest.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have developed a new combination treatment for cancer using the molecules RVX2135 and HDAC inhibitors. The treatment has been shown to increase survival rates in mice with MYC-driven lymphoma by activating similar genes as existing cancer treatments.
Researchers dispel the idea of evolutionary trade-offs between plumage and song in a large study of tanagers, a family of songbirds from Central and South America. The study found that some species can exhibit both flashy colors and complex songs without sacrificing one for the other.
Researchers found that some bird species have evolved recognizable egg patterns, such as blotches and markings, to detect cuckoo eggs. These signature patterns provide a powerful defense against cuckoo trickery, increasing the likelihood of host birds rejecting foreign eggs.
Researchers at Harvard University discovered that many birds targeted by the Common Cuckoo have evolved recognizable egg patterns to distinguish their own eggs from those laid by cuckoo cheats. These signatures provide a strong defense against cuckoo mimicry, helping host birds reject foreign eggs and protect their broods.
A new study found that elevated stress hormones are associated with structural brain changes and short-term memory deficits in aged rats. The research suggests that stress may accelerate age-related cognitive decline by altering brain connections and function in the prefrontal cortex.
Researchers propose benchmarks to substantiate successful in vitro development of germline cells in mouse models. They emphasize the need for rigorous scientific standards due to the critical role of germ cells in reproduction.
Researchers identified diverse mechanisms driving venom variation in closely related snake species, impacting venom-induced haemorrhage and coagulation pathologies. This study highlights challenges to developing broad-spectrum snakebite treatments due to conventional antivenom limitations.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have plotted the complex paths of cholinergic neurons, which degenerate first in people with Alzheimer's. The study reveals that these neurons face significant challenges due to their thin pipeline and numerous branch points.
The public has its first view of a live vampire squid and other deep-sea cephalopods in the ongoing Tentacles special exhibition at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. A collaborative effort with the aquarium's partner institution, MBARI, this exhibit provides new scientific insights into these mysterious animals.
The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) has awarded the NWO Spinoza Prize to four outstanding researchers: Dirk Bouwmeester, Corinne Hofman, Mark van Loosdrecht, and Theunis Piersma. They will receive 2.5 million euros to pursue their research in various fields of science.
Bromine is the 28th element essential for tissue development in all animals. Fruit flies died without bromine but survived with its restoration. This finding has implications for human diseases such as kidney function and dialysis patients.
Researchers at Drexel University found that erythritol is toxic to fruit flies in a dose-dependent manner. The sweetener is safe for human consumption, unlike other pesticides that have caused accidental poisonings. Further studies will be conducted on other insects and the compound's effects on the food chain.
The University of Notre Dame's Marya Lieberman has received a Grand Challenges Explorations grant to develop printed test cards for rapid field screening of human and animal medications. The test cards can detect low-quality medications, applying economic pressure to companies that manufacture or distribute them.
The journal, one of the world's oldest entomology journals, adopts a new open access format to increase visibility and dissemination of research papers. This innovation allows authors to freely share their work, promoting increased citation rates and collaboration opportunities.
Scientists urge travelers to use insect repellents containing DEET to prevent diseases like malaria and dengue fever, which can be transmitted by insects. The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine launches Bug Off campaign for Insect Repellent Awareness Day.
A new species of stick insect, Sinophasma damingshanensis, has been discovered in Guangxi, China. The insect boasts unique camouflage abilities, mimicking plant stems and exhibiting rocking behavior to enhance its natural disguise.
Researchers from CSIC have developed idTracker, a software that uses algorithms to identify and track individual animals in videos. This allows for the study of rules of social interaction in groups, previously impossible due to identification errors. The software is easy to use and has been tested with various species.
Scientists successfully erased and reactivated memories in rats by applying specific frequencies of light and electrical stimuli to the brain. This breakthrough study offers new hope for treating Alzheimer's disease, as it shows promise in strengthening or weakening synaptic connections that are weakened in the condition.
Researchers from Virginia Tech developed an efficient placement method for acoustic bat detectors to improve species detection and monitoring of endangered bat species impacted by white-nose syndrome. The technique allowed for non-invasive tracking without transferring fungal spores, enabling conservation efforts.
Researchers have found that human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal cells can replace animal-derived feeder systems in human embryonic stem cell culture, supporting their growth in an undifferentiated stage. This breakthrough could provide a new means of culturing ESCs for clinical purposes without potential xenocontamination.
New research reveals that zebra fish use optic flow but steer towards stronger flows instead of away from them. This may be due to the turbid underwater environment where visibility is limited.
Researchers have tested a nasally administered antiparalytic drug, neostigmine, on mice injected with high doses of Indian cobra venom and found that 10 out of 15 mice survived treatment within 10 minutes. The study's results support the idea that fast and accessible treatment can increase survival rates in snakebite victims.
Researchers from India, US, Germany, and Sweden study songbirds in the Himalayas, finding significant genetic differences between closely related species. The team concludes that the region's saturated habitats hindered new species evolution.
A new Ebola vaccine has been successfully tested on captive chimpanzees, producing a robust immune response and showing safety. The researchers argue that this could be a turning point in saving endangered ape species from extinction, but the need for captive chimps testing raises ethical concerns about animal welfare.
Researchers at the University of Southampton are using fruit flies to study the internal circadian rhythms that control sleep, blood pressure, and metabolic rate. The findings could provide valuable insights into medical conditions and even help understand jet lag and temperature response mechanisms.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have discovered a new neural pathway in the eyes that enhances vision, specifically contrast detection. The study reveals that ipRGC cells, previously thought to only detect light for simple functions, play a crucial role in forming visual images.
Researchers discovered that RIPK1 acts as an umpire to make tough life-or-death calls in cells. By removing different components of two pathways, the study showed that RIPK1 helps maintain a balanced response to signals promoting either pathway. This finding resolves long-standing questions about RIPK1's role in cell survival and provi...
Recent studies on transmissible influenza strains in mammals raise ethical concerns about the risks of accidental release. Researchers argue that alternative approaches using sequence analysis and molecular-dynamics modeling can generate results with similar public health benefits while minimizing risks.
A study led by a Cummings School veterinarian aims to explore the benefits of pets in reducing childhood obesity. The research project will test whether companion animals can aid children in sticking with weight loss interventions.
A new species of praying mantis, the bush tiger mantis, has been discovered in Rwanda's Nyungwe Forest National Park by a Case Western Reserve University student. The female mantis hunts prey on the ground and underbrush, while the male flies.
The study demonstrates BioMAP Systems' effectiveness in identifying potential toxicities and off-target effects of drugs and chemicals. The approach can reproducibly pinpoint cellular mechanisms and biomarker endpoints underlying specific adverse reactions in humans.
Researchers used eBird citizen-science data to describe the distributions of 93 North American land birds, revealing three previously unknown migration flyways. The study provides new insights into the migratory patterns of smaller-bodied bird species.
Researchers found that acrylamide exposure damages the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and impairs secretory and transport functions. This damage may underlie acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and central and peripheral neuropathy.
Scientists have made significant breakthroughs with pluripotent stem cell therapy in monkeys, producing new bone tissue and minimizing the risk of tumors. The study uses autologous iPSCs derived from individual monkeys' skin cells, eliminating the need for immune suppression drugs.
Researchers tested the hearing of seven Bristol Bay beluga whales, finding surprisingly little variation in their abilities. The study provides a baseline for the population's health and may inform conservation efforts and validate studies of hearing in captivity.
A recent study assembled a large dataset using ancient moa DNA and found convincing evidence that tinamous are closely related to extinct moas, leading to independent loss of flight. Morphological characters of ratites were mostly convergent, evolving independently as adaptations to a cursorial lifestyle.