Articles tagged with National Laboratories
Researchers at the University of Kentucky have established a new way to predict individual risk of cognitive decline using brain signatures during mental activity. This approach is more sensitive and accurate than current behavioral testing, with left-frontal brainwaves being key predictors for dementia risk.
A research team observed the internal evolution of materials inside solid-state lithium batteries as they charged and discharged using ultrabright X-rays. The detailed 3D information may help improve reliability and performance of the batteries, which use solid materials to replace liquid electrolytes in existing lithium-ion batteries.
A team of Berkeley Lab chemists have characterized some properties of einsteinium, overcoming obstacles to report the first study. They measured the bond distance and discovered physical chemistry behavior different from expectations, gaining a better understanding of the actinide series.
Scientists at CASUS created an effective AI tool to describe the exotic state of warm dense matter. The new method uses neural networks to calculate properties like temperature and density, making it possible to interpret X-ray experiments with high accuracy.
Scientists have identified lithium hydride and a new form of lithium fluoride in the interphase of lithium metal anodes using ultrabright x-rays. This finding is a major step towards developing smaller, lighter, and less expensive batteries for electric vehicles.
A machine-learning competition to predict earthquake simulations attracted over 4,500 teams, yielding insights into fault processes. The winning teams employed novel computational approaches, suggesting the value of engaging the machine-learning community in predicting significant scientific problems.
Scientists discover nearly 300 novel microbial species near a deep-sea volcano, revealing new insights into their extreme environment. Researchers also develop self-healing elastomers with unprecedented adhesion strength, and create a flood mapping tool to visualize water spread for any scenario and terrain.
A new test can identify chromosomal mutations in sperm produced after chemotherapy and radiation treatments, which may affect fertility and child health. The AM8 FISH protocol measures aneuploidy and other chromosomal aberrations in treated sperm, providing a potential tool for men seeking to have children.
A team of researchers developed a new validation protocol to confirm the accuracy of computer simulations at the atomic scale. They compared high-resolution X-ray reflectivity measurements with simulated results, providing insights into the complexities of solid-liquid interfaces.
A new technique developed by researchers at PNNL reveals that e-cigarettes inflict subtle structural changes in proteins, marking the first time such damage has been measured. The study found significant oxidative stress on lung tissue in rats, compromising regulatory proteins and potentially leading to chronic stress.
Scientists have successfully controlled spin dynamics in magnetic materials using a technique called resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. By studying thin films of iron as thin as one nanometer, researchers discovered that the thickness of magnetic materials can act as a 'knob' for fine-tuning spin dynamics.
Researchers at UCF used advanced light to identify 46 molecules in the flames of a promising biofuel, diisobutylene (DIB). This study aims to help engineers and scientists craft a complete understanding of DIB combustion properties, leading to more efficient fuel development.
A Sandia Labs research team used machine learning to complete materials science calculations 42,000 times faster than normal, accelerating the creation of new technologies for optics, aerospace, and energy storage.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have accelerated a research engine that provides an unprecedented view inside the atomic-level workings of combustion engines in real time. The engine, built to run on a neutron beam line, allows investigation of structural changes in new alloys designed for high-temperature, advanced combus...
A new study using multi-messenger astronomy has estimated the radius of a typical neutron star to be around 11.75 kilometers and provided a novel calculation of the Hubble constant, which indicates the rate of universe expansion. The researchers' analysis combined gravitational-wave signals and electromagnetic emissions from neutron st...
Researchers at UVA, Caltech, and Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new catalyst using cobalt and titanium that can efficiently split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. This breakthrough has the potential to make solar energy practical on a large scale.
Researchers used X-ray beams to examine a 1,900-year-old mummy, revealing details about the child's body and burial artifacts. The examination confirmed the presence of a sacred calcite amulet and provided insights into the preservation process used by ancient Egyptians.
Researchers use ultra-bright X-rays to measure ion velocity and concentration, providing unprecedented insight into battery performance. The breakthrough discovery opens doors to optimizing battery designs for specific uses.
Research team discovers endophytes can break apart phosphorus complexes, making it accessible to plants. This natural approach reduces environmental harm from chemical fertilizers and promotes more sustainable food production.
Scientists have created a new platform to rapidly create and characterize blends of materials, significantly accelerating material development. The platform uses electrospray deposition and x-ray scattering to explore complex compositional dependencies in a matter of days, reducing the time from months or weeks.
The Argonne team developed a high-performance, iterative reconstruction system for noninvasive imaging at synchrotron facilities. Their novel optimizations enabled reconstruction of large 3D volumes in under 3 minutes using 24,576 GPUs.
Sandia National Laboratories successfully completed the first flight test of the B61-12 nuclear bomb on the F-35A Lightning II fighter jet, demonstrating its compatibility and versatility. The test was part of a larger program to increase confidence in the bomb's reliability and effectiveness.
A 3D-printed weather station was found to be accurate and viable for shorter campaigns, according to researchers. The low-cost sensors measured temperature, pressure, rain, UV, and relative humidity with accuracy comparable to commercial-grade stations.
A new research study discovered that patients with diabetes may experience reduced benefits from dexamethasone treatment due to altered binding properties of serum albumin. The findings suggest re-evaluating prescribing practices for this medication, potentially leading to more effective treatments.
An MIT-led team simulates nuclear interactions, finding a universal short-range pairing behavior that applies to all types of atomic nuclei. This discovery helps investigate neutron stars and heavy radioactive nuclei.
The University of Kansas has formed a new research team to participate in the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, exploring unique opportunities for physics research. The team will study the initial state of QCD matter and probe quantum entanglement with a novel technique.
Researchers have created fundamental electronic building blocks out of quantum dots and assembled functional logic circuits. This innovation promises a manufacturing-friendly approach to complex electronic devices that can be fabricated in a chemistry laboratory via simple techniques.
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have developed a machine-learning technique to improve the control of nuclear fusion reactions, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly energy production. By modifying reactor walls using computer-generated data, they aim to reduce damage from plasma interactions and i...
The University of Texas at Austin has been selected by the Department of Energy to establish a Multidisciplinary Simulation Center, focusing on developing next-generation exascale predictive simulation capabilities. Researchers will combine computational simulations and physical experiments to improve predictive power.
Lithium-rich oxides offer a promising solution for more sustainable and cost-effective batteries, made predominantly of Earth-abundant elements like manganese. The discovery reveals that the movement of elements other than oxygen is the primary cause of energy inefficiency in these materials.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory develop nuclear physics model to study neutrino interactions, shedding light on why neutrinos change flavors during space or matter travel. The team's findings are crucial for understanding the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance and fundamental questions about its origins.
Berkeley Lab scientists develop a tool using machine learning algorithms to guide synthetic biology development systematically. The Automated Recommendation Tool (ART) predicts how changes in a cell's DNA or biochemistry will affect its behavior and recommends the next engineering cycle.
Scientists have published a new calculation to test for tiny differences between matter and antimatter, building on the 1963 Nobel Prize-winning experiment that observed a slight difference in kaon decays. The new calculation provides more accurate predictions for kaon decays and offers a way to search for effects beyond the Standard M...
Researchers discovered a topological insulator that exhibits two electronic states with opposite spin, but only one responds to magnetism. The findings challenge our understanding of exotic physics and raise questions about the properties of this material.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory developed a new nanocatalyst that uses gold to eliminate platinum dissolution, increasing fuel cell durability. The discovery is a breakthrough for PEMFC-powered transportation, offering a solution to the current performance limitations.
Scientists at UC San Diego have developed a new anode material that enables safer, faster lithium-ion battery charging. The Li3V2O5 disordered rocksalt offers improved safety and energy density, with the potential to replace graphite and lithium titanate anodes.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a novel way for bacteria to produce ethylene gas, a crucial chemical in plastics manufacturing. This breakthrough could lead to new methods for producing plastics sustainably, replacing fossil fuels.
The Quantum Systems Accelerator will harness quantum information science for discoveries that benefit the world and accelerate commercialization. The center will co-design solutions needed to build working quantum systems outperforming today's computers.
Scientists developed an integrated approach to track energy-transporting ions in ultra-thin materials, potentially leading to faster charging and longer-lasting devices. The study focused on MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials with promising energy-storing capabilities.
A new AI system has been developed to detect cryptocurrency miners hijacking supercomputers for illicit mining. The system compares programs based on graphs, identifying malicious codes and preventing computing power theft.
Researchers developed a low-cost, visible-light activated coating for water filtration membranes that breaks down foulants and renders the membrane clean. The coating increases photocatalytic efficiency under sunlight by 24-fold compared to regular titanium dioxide.
A team led by Argonne National Laboratory has discovered a new electrocatalyst that converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into ethanol with very high energy efficiency, selectivity for the desired final product, and low cost. This process could contribute to the circular carbon economy by reusing CO2 from industrial processes.
A team of scientists used positron beams to study radiation damage in iron films, revealing new insights into defect formation. The research provides critical data on the nature of defects and improves understanding of radiation effects in materials used in nuclear reactors and other extreme environments.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab used Advanced Light Source to produce 3D reconstructions of magnetization patterns in two rare meteorite samples. The study reveals a parent body with both melted and unmelted parts, pointing to a large planetesimal with a molten metallic core.
The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has successfully produced its first X-ray beam using the upgraded LCLS-II facility, demonstrating significant advancements in X-ray technology. The new undulators offer dramatic new capabilities, including precise control of X-ray beams and unprecedented repetition rates.
A new atomtronic device is being developed to test the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds. The device uses neutral atoms instead of charged electrons to create a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), which can detect mechanical rotation with high sensitivity.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed 3D printed fractal cubes with closely spaced voids that dissipate shockwaves five times better than solid cubes. The innovative design could lead to new types of lightweight armor and structural materials effective against explosions and impacts.
The US Department of Energy has awarded $3.15 million to Argonne National Laboratory to support collaborations with private companies. This funding is part of the Technology Commercialization Fund, which aims to advance energy technologies and strengthen partnerships between DOE's National Laboratories and industry partners.
A team of scientists at Berkeley Lab has discovered a new form of the element mendelevium, creating the lightest known isotope, mendelevium-244. The discovery was made using the lab's 88-Inch Cyclotron and provides evidence for the existence of two separate decay chains with half-lives of 0.4 seconds and 6 seconds.
Researchers have found that neutral pions emitted in the very forward area of polarized proton-proton collisions retain a large degree of left-right asymmetry. This finding suggests reevaluation of previous theories on particle generation. Further study is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this phenomenon.
Researchers characterized carp scales using X-ray imaging, revealing a toughening mechanism called adaptive reorientation. The study's findings may inspire the design of advanced synthetic materials.
Scientists developed a new method to add deuterium to benzene, improving drug efficacy. Forest research found forests worldwide are dying due to environmental changes. The ITER project began assembling the world's largest fusion reactor, while Oak Ridge National Laboratory improved cancer treatment through isotope separation.
Scientists discovered a theoretical breakthrough in quantum fluid rotation, revealing a corkscrew-shaped mechanism that drives the fluids into rotation without viscosity. This phenomenon allows superfluids to transfer angular momentum through quantum mechanical interactions.
Argonne researchers created a new active material by self-organizing microscopic spinning particles into a lattice-like structure. The material exhibits interesting transport properties, allowing cargo particles to move through it quickly and efficiently.
Researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a new technique that separates industrial noise from natural seismic signals using cloud computing. The approach allows for large-scale seismic analysis ten times faster than traditional methods and has the potential to transform the field of seismology.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed high-efficiency quantum-dot solar cells without toxic elements like lead or cadmium. These devices exhibit remarkable defect tolerance, making them promising for practical utility.
Scientists use artificial intelligence to analyze millions of medical journal articles for COVID-19 connections, while researchers also explore Arctic plant growth rules and develop a new solid-state electrolyte for lithium metal batteries.
Scientists analyzed 13,000-year-old beetle fossils using X-ray scattering techniques and found that the expected photonic nanostructures were perfectly preserved. The blue and green structural colors studied had not changed over time, with modern beetles of the same genus showing very similar colors.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory found that electrolyzer materials exhibit dynamic stability on an atomic scale, allowing for better oxygen production. This discovery will guide the design of new materials for electrochemical fuel production.
Researchers have used a multi-institutional approach and the Mira supercomputer to refine one piece of the complex puzzle surrounding the muon anomaly. They found a new result for the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution, which could indicate a real discrepancy between experimental results and theoretical predictions.