Articles tagged with Scientific Foundations
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers aboard the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution recovered rocks from over 4,644 feet below the sea floor, providing valuable information about the composition of the Earth. The effort missed its target of reaching the Earth's mantle by less than 1,000 feet, but will still provide important clues on how ocean crust forms.
John Corbett, a renowned chemist, has been awarded the Spedding Award for his outstanding contributions to inorganic solid-state chemistry and strong metal-metal bonding. He is the third Ames Laboratory researcher to receive this honor.
Researchers found unique organisms thriving in highly alkaline fluids rich in methane and hydrogen, differing from black-smoker vent ecosystems. The discovery may provide insights into the origins of life on Earth and potential signs of life elsewhere.
Scientists discover unique organisms living in alkaline fluids with high levels of methane and hydrogen, unlike those found in black-smoker vents. The Lost City vent field may provide insights into the origins of life on Earth and the possibility of life on other planets.
Researchers analyzed historical photographs to understand human-landscape interaction, revealing a link between tree clearing and erosion. The study found that riparian zones have improved over the past 30 years, benefiting stream health and ecosystem health.
A recent meta-analysis of 200 surveys found little cross-cultural variation in public perception of science, highlighting the need for coherent theories to explain public attitudes. The study also explored differences in how diverse cultures regard science, with Americans showing a lack of understanding and acceptance of new technologies.
A new nanoscale diagnostic technique has been developed to detect possible traces of Alzheimer's disease in cerebrospinal fluid. The procedure uses magnetic and DNA particles to identify biomarkers, which could lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment if proven successful.
The NSF report reveals a significant increase in the number of minority scientists and engineers earning research doctorates, with 17% of all doctorate recipients being from underrepresented groups. Women also maintained their percentage of earned doctorates, while most graduates received financial support from university fellowships.
Researchers developed carbon nanotube-based composite materials to maximize frictional damping in mechanical systems. The findings show that these materials can effectively reduce vibration and energy dissipation, making them a promising solution for various applications.
Researchers have built a laboratory model of the Earth's molten core using sodium metal to simulate its behavior. The Madison Dynamo Experiment is designed to fill gaps in current understanding of how magnetic fields arise and grow, shedding light on fundamental questions about the planet's magnetic field generation.
A team of scientists from Cornell University and international partners will assess the impact of recent tsunamis on Sri Lanka's coastline. The research aims to enhance predictive capabilities and inform future development of tsunami warning systems.
A newly discovered civilization in Peru's Norte Chico region thrived 5000 years ago, featuring monumental architecture and a complex economy. The finding sheds new light on the development of complex societies, challenging previous assumptions about early civilizations.
The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) has been established in Durham, North Carolina, with a $15 million grant from the National Science Foundation. The center aims to unify the biological sciences by promoting cross-disciplinary studies and synthesizing evolutionary knowledge for policymakers, educators, and society.
The massive iceberg B-15A poses no obstacle to the resupply ships at McMurdo Station, with the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Polar Star on track to clear a channel through the sea ice. NSF has arranged for a backup icebreaker to assist if necessary.
The TWAS Trieste Science Prize recognizes outstanding scientists from developing countries, aiming to increase their visibility and contributions to global science. The prize carries a US$50,000 cash award and will be awarded annually in various fields.
A research team has found evidence of microbes living in a rock glacier for the first time, challenging previous assumptions about these environments. The discovery was made in Colorado and is similar to recent findings in Antarctica, where scientists had previously discovered life in inhospitable regions.
International study shows select improvements in US math and science performance, particularly among minority students. Fourth-grade students showed no change, while eighth-grade students made notable progress, especially in algebra and science.
Ocean drilling research advances understanding of rapid climate change, including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. The study also explores climate triggers and effects on various scales, from tectonic uplift to human history. Additionally, new findings challenge traditional theories on volcanic regions.
President Bush appoints Arden Bement as the new NSF director, bringing nearly 40 years of industry, government, and academic experience. As NSF director, Bement will oversee $5.47 billion in annual funding for fundamental research and education across various fields.
The U.S. National Science Foundation commemorates Charles Byrd's groundbreaking 1929 flight, opening the South Pole to scientific research. Today, NSF maintains three year-round stations in Antarctica, including one at the geographic South Pole.
Computer scientists capture data on pen stroke patterns and aesthetic signatures from artworks, revealing consistencies and inconsistencies within single pieces or among works by the same artist. The technique confirms what art experts have concluded about the authorship of certain paintings.
A $2 million NSF grant enables researchers to develop real-time soil monitoring technologies, reducing the impact of fertilizers and greenhouse gases on the environment. The project aims to determine best management practices for California agriculture while minimizing harm to the environment.
The $4.1 million award will enable Dr. Virginia Armbrust to study the importance of phytoplankton in mediating global warming through their genomic sequences and community interactions. This research aims to understand how changes in the environment impact phytoplankton abundance, which is crucial for predicting climate change effects.
Dolphin brains are significantly larger than expected for their body size, with some species having brain sizes comparable to those of modern humans. This study suggests that cetaceans may possess cognitive abilities similar to those of great apes, challenging traditional views of human exceptionalism.
The new NSF report reveals that Latin American countries have made significant strides in publishing science and engineering articles. From 1988-2001, Brazil's output quadrupled and Mexico's more than tripled, while Argentina and Chile produced the most scientific articles per capita. The region's growing influence is reflected in the ...
The Science of Learning Center will address the need for rigorous education research by creating a novel research facility called LearnLab. This center will enable learning scientists to conduct research that is as rigorous as traditional laboratory studies and test their results in real classroom settings.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) has funded the first nanoscale center for learning and teaching, which aims to integrate nanotechnology into existing curricula in grades 7-12. The center will produce modular education materials, expand professional development programs for teachers, and research educational strategies.
Scientists found that removing long-term solar cycles from global climate models takes away about a tenth of a degree Celsius of early 20th century warming, suggesting other influences may play a greater role than the Sun's. The study adds to the puzzle of understanding complex relationships between the Sun and climate.
A US National Science Foundation study has improved forecasts for Midwest thunderstorms, bow echoes, and tornadoes. The Bow Echo and MCV Experiment found that smaller bow echoes are often the highest risk for tornadoes, contradicting the long-held assumption that size equals strength.
The NSF has awarded over $130 million to 120 new projects tackling various topics including interactive ocean observatories, stress corrosion cracking, and secure access to confidential social science data. The funding aims to advance science and engineering, economic prosperity, and national security.
The National Science Foundation has awarded $9.7 million to the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center to install a Red Storm system from Cray, Inc., capable of approximately 10 teraflops. The system will enable researchers to explore high-performance computing capabilities and demonstrate its potential for various scientific applications.
A new system uses fuzzy logic to automatically detect room acoustics and speaker placement, providing each listener with their own personalized
The NSF and AAAS announced the winners of the 2004 Visualization contest, which spanned research fields from viral medicine to Earth science. The top entries were selected in categories such as photography, illustration, graphics, interactive media, and non-interactive media.
The AAAS has announced the winners of the 2004 Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge, showcasing outstanding visualizations across five categories: photography, illustration, graphics, interactive media, and non-interactive media. Marna E. Ericson took first place in photography for her image capturing tick nymphs' autofluore...
Researchers at The University of Scranton and the University of Illinois have made groundbreaking discoveries about how molecules interact in nanoscale devices. Using IR Raman Spectroscopy, they measured the pathways for energy transfer across a molecular wall, shedding light on how to design materials that move heat effectively.
The National Science Foundation has awarded 22 new projects for plant genome research, exploring the role of genetics in plant development, metal tolerance, and disease susceptibility. These projects will also develop genomic tools for crops such as loblolly pine and cotton.
The NSF's Cyber Trust program awards funding for two new centers: the Center for Internet Epidemiology and Defenses and the STIM Center. The former focuses on understanding internet vulnerabilities to prevent malware outbreaks, while the latter explores network interactions to create effective defenses against cyberattacks.
The university will develop tools and processes for mass-producing devices at the nanoscale level, potentially catapulting the field into a $1 trillion industry by 2015. The center will also assess environmental, economic, regulatory, and ethical impacts of nanomanufacturing.
The NSF announces six FIBR awards to tackle some of biology's most challenging questions. The projects will study the relationship between an organism's genes and the outside world, as well as animal movement, social behavior, and photosynthesis.
Researchers developed control methods for self-reconfigurable robots that can change shape and perform different tasks without falling apart. The methods ensure guaranteed correct behavior, enabling robots to adapt to various environments and tasks.
The Institute for Molecular Biophysics has been awarded a National Science Foundation grant to acquire the world's first 4Pi nanoscale microscope in the US. This cutting-edge technology will enable researchers to study genes and chromosomes at unprecedented resolution, shedding light on disease mechanisms and developing new treatments.
Researchers analyzed and compared the genomes of 30 microorganisms, finding that two ancient prokaryotes combined their genomes to form the first eukaryote. This discovery sheds light on the evolutionary pathways of life, suggesting a 'ring of life' where eukaryotes originated from bacterial and extreme-microbe ancestors.
A recent NCAR study found a significant decrease in frost days worldwide over the last 50 years, with greatest reductions in the western US and Canada. The factors at work are attributed to changes in atmospheric circulation, including increased mild air from the Pacific and cold Canadian air from the east.
The National Science Foundation has awarded Virginia Tech a $600,000 grant to support the development of efficient inexpensive fuel cell materials. The university will work with Battelle, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and several companies to bridge gaps in materials, processes, and test methodologies.
The award honors an individual scientist for highly original research, with the winner receiving €75,000 and a commemorative plaque. Recent past recipients include Stanley J. Korsmeyer and Mario R. Capecchi.
The University of Georgia has been awarded a $5.6 million grant from the National Science Foundation to develop artificial chromosomes in corn, which could lead to breakthroughs in crop protection and yield improvement. The research will focus on centromeres, repetitive DNA regions that control chromosome movement during cell division.
Researchers at Chiral Photonics Inc. have developed a new class of devices called chiral gratings that can filter light, sense temperature and pressure changes, and transmit information via powerful and inexpensive lasers. The devices were created with support from NIST and the National Science Foundation.
The new web site features a discussion forum, image gallery, and interviews with prominent researchers discussing the state of the science. It also includes information on degree programs, funding opportunities, and conferences, making it a valuable resource for biogeoscience enthusiasts and professionals.
The NSF Discovery Corps fellowship program aims to connect researchers with host organizations, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and skill-sharing. The pilot project will provide funding for six fellowships focused on various projects, including promoting STEM careers among undergraduates.
The Wearable Low Vision Aid (WLVA) is a portable system that uses an infrared camera and head-mounted display to warn users of potential hazards. The device projects a warning icon onto the user's retina using an illuminated, vibrating crystal, alerting them to obstacles such as branches or trash cans.
A new percolation model allows researchers to study cell signaling and track the movement of single atoms in complex pathways. This breakthrough enables fundamental chemical reactions to be observed at the molecular level in living cells.
Researchers have detailed the workings of a key enzyme in tuberculosis bacteria's cell walls, which could lead to the development of new antibiotics. By understanding how this enzyme works, scientists can design inhibitors specific to it, potentially creating new treatments for TB and leprosy.
The President's Awards for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring recognize institutions and individuals who promote diversity and inclusion in STEM education. This year, 62 institutions and 78 individuals were recognized for their innovative approaches to mentoring, including comprehensive programs and community...
End-user programmers, estimated at 55 million by 2005, create nontrivial bugs nearly half of the time. Researchers from U.S. National Science Foundation develop new techniques and tools to aid debugging, focusing on 'negotiated' interruptions and novel environments that ask questions about code behavior.
The US remains top in science and engineering, but faces challenges from a shrinking native talent pool and increasing competition globally. Foreign-born workers have contributed to the country's success, but high-skill visas have declined significantly since 2001.
Four new research centers will bring together experts in biomedical and oceanographic sciences to study the effects of harmful algal blooms, marine pathogens, and the oceans' potential for drug discovery. The centers will accelerate scientific discovery and develop new sensors for early warning systems.
A team of U.S. and German scientists used carbon-14 dating techniques to determine that most Arctic carbon is young and unlikely to affect the global climate balance. However, they warn that an Arctic warming trend could lead to the release of ancient carbon, enhancing the greenhouse effect and accelerating global warming.
Researchers found two primitive protoglobulins in ancient archaea species, offering clues to the evolution of oxygen-based life. The discovery may aid in the search for future blood substitutes by understanding how transport proteins evolved to bind and release oxygen.
Research on young female bowerbirds suggests that they are attracted to blue decorations in the males' bowers, rather than intense courtship displays. This finding has implications for understanding mate selection and could aid wildlife conservation.
The report 'INVENTION: Enhancing inventiveness for quality of life, competitiveness and sustainability' highlights the critical roles of invention and inventiveness in society. The National Science Foundation, along with the Lemelson-MIT Program, has examined the factors that drive invention.