Experts call for national research integrity advisory board
A proposed U.S. advisory board for research integrity could standardize protocols and practices, providing resources to assess research environments and boost integrity.
Medical Ethics
Articles tagged with Medical Ethics
Texas A&M to lead NSF study of sexual harassment in STEM fields
A Texas A&M-led project will examine the culture and climate related to sexual harassment in STEM fields, aiming to prevent such incidents. The research aims to develop tools for universities to improve their handling of sexual harassment concerns.
EU project identifies obstacles to transnational research access to large prospective cohorts
The EU project BBMRI-LPC identified divergent access governance structures, complex legal and ethical frameworks, as obstacles for sample and data transfer in Europe. Practical solutions for streamlined access governance are urgently needed to optimize the scientific value of these research resources.
Cell lines deserve unique considerations when creating research protections, authors say
Cell lines, created from donated tissue samples, require unique considerations when creating research protections due to their value and expertise involved. The new Common Rule may pose unintended consequences for this resource, potentially disrupting scientific progress in cancer research.
The inaugural issue of Ethics & Human Research, January -- February 2019
The inaugural issue of Ethics & Human Research explores new challenges in US human subjects research, including the impact of single-IRB mandates and genome editing. The journal also examines the need for local knowledge in multisite studies and highlights the difficulties countries face in adhering to international ethical standards w...
Young-onset diabetes linked to higher risk of hospitalization for mental illness before age 40
Researchers found that young-onset diabetes is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for mental illness compared to usual-onset diabetes. The study also showed that adults with young-onset diabetes had excess hospitalizations across their lifespan.
American College of Physicians releases new edition of Ethics Manual
The American College of Physicians has released a new edition of its Ethics Manual, providing guidance on complex issues in medicine. The updated manual covers topics such as precision medicine, genetic testing, telemedicine, and end-of-life care, offering practical advice for clinicians, educators, researchers, and policymakers.
What does 'dead' mean?
A new special report explores the definition of death, including the controversy over brain death and its implications for organ transplantation. Leading experts discuss areas of ongoing debate, such as whether brain-dead organ donors are truly dead.
More Oregonians sharing end-of-life wishes with POLST
Research found that more Oregonians filled out POLST forms between 2015-16, with a 45% increase compared to 2010-11. The study also showed changes in how people use the form, including increased use by middle-aged individuals and those with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
New research suggests language influences how consumers trust a brand
Researchers found that variations in tone of language used in advertising biased attitudes toward a brand, decreasing consumer trust. The level of politeness was most important, with more polite taglines leading to lower trust in ethically ambiguous business practices.
The science of studying the effects of extraordinary beliefs on consumer behavior
The study explores the implications of applying utilitarian, deontological, and virtue ethical standards to superstition in the marketplace. It highlights the need for researchers to clearly state the rationality of consumers' behaviors and assess their irrationality to promote consumer well-being.
Researchers to enhance guidelines for ethical human-animal chimera research
Researchers aim to improve guidelines for human-animal chimera research, considering moral status and animal welfare. The project will address conceptual, ethical, and procedural limitations in existing ethics guidance.
New in the Hastings Center Report, September-October 2018
A proposed taxonomy categorizes conscience protections based on state or private actors, as well as provider conduct. Bioethicists must shape AI and machine learning to prevent moral pitfalls, including exacerbating human biases and weakening patient confidentiality.
Study examines aspects of conscientious objection among nurses
A study of eight Ontario nurses reveals that making conscientious objections to ethically-relevant policies requires concrete supports and protection in healthcare settings. The researchers emphasize the need for routine conversations about conscience and conscientious objection to respect human rights and promote ethical practice.
A human brain model in a petri dish?
The Brainstorm Project aims to develop a philosophical framework for government policy and regulations on brain organoid research. The two-year project, led by CWRU researcher Insoo Hyun, will bring together neuroscientists and bioethicists to explore emerging ethical issues in this rapidly advancing field.
What makes a good life in late life? Citizenship and justice in aging societies
The report examines how bioethics can better reflect the needs of an aging society. Key findings include the impact of economic insecurity on older adults, inadequate housing solutions, and socioeconomic disparities affecting communities.
Uterus transplantation -- ethically just as problematic as altruistic surrogacy
Researchers at Linköping University found that uterus transplantation with living donors is ethically comparable to altruistic surrogacy, citing potential pressures on donors and lack of research on child outcomes. The study suggests that decision-makers should consider the parallels between the two practices.
Media alert: New articles in The CRISPR Journal
The CRISPR Journal publishes groundbreaking research on gene editing, including off-target effects in HIV therapy and the role of p53 in genome editing. The journal explores the ethics of CRISPR technology and its potential applications.
Should all babies have their genomes sequenced?
A new report by UCSF bioethicists recommends targeted genome sequencing for symptomatic newborns, but opposes universal screening. This approach aims to balance the benefits of genomics with potential risks and costs.
Should all babies have their genomes sequenced?
A new report recommends that targeted genomic sequencing be used to diagnose sick newborns, but genome-wide sequencing of all newborns should not be pursued. The report also advises against direct-to-consumer genetic testing for newborns due to potential anxiety and lack of adequate follow-up.
Otago-led research cites faulty science and ethics in DNA analyzes of 'Ata'
Researchers evaluated Stanford University's work on the tiny mummified body, concluding genetic abnormalities could explain perceived abnormalities. However, Otago-led experts found no evidence for these anomalies, revealing normal skeletal development in a fetus.
Authentication of patients in medicine via online system should be discussed ethically
Researchers emphasize the importance of authentication in medical research/treatment, highlighting issues related to respect for autonomy, privacy protection, and trust establishment. They propose two-factor authentication as a solution to address these concerns.
New in the Hastings Center Report, May-June 2018
The article discusses the ethical implications of genetic testing and the duty to warn family members of hereditary disease risks. Experts argue that patients have a moral obligation to share their genetic information with relatives, citing the principle of rescue as a framework for decision-making.
Labor exploitation is endemic in global tea and cocoa industries, international study finds
A new study reveals widespread labor exploitation in the global tea and cocoa industries, with workers facing severe poverty, abuse, and lack of basic services. The research found that even certified companies are failing to prevent labor abuses, highlighting a need for structural changes to address the root causes.
Is it ethical to use genealogy data to solve crimes?
Bioethicists from the National Institutes of Health suggest a framework for discussing the use of online genealogy data in crime-solving. The potential benefits are exciting, but issues must be addressed, including citizen rights and DNA evidence misuse.
Improving health research among Indigenous peoples in Canada
Researchers must value Indigenous people's knowledge and experiences to conduct meaningful health research. The history of Indigenous health research in Canada involved unethical methods, but guidelines have been implemented to improve the field, including minimum requirements from the Tri-Council Policy Statement.
Digging into new ethical issues around stem cells
A special section in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine examines the newest and most complex issues surrounding stem cells. The issue includes essays on the potential impacts of using a person's own stem cells on patients, health-care systems, and the public trust in science and medicine.
Integrative group examines the ethical fit of mindfulness in corporate America
A recent commentary examines the ethical fit of mindfulness practices in corporate America, highlighting potential conflicts between prioritizing shareholder return and mindfulness' philosophical commitment to non-harm and wholesome living. The authors argue that infiltrating corporate culture with mindfulness can raise the ethical bar...
Respect indigenous ancestors: Scholars urge community engagement before research
Researchers must consult with Indigenous communities before analyzing ancient DNA to avoid harming descendants and stigmatizing their communities. Collaboration with communities strengthens analysis and allows for better questions to be asked, guided by community narratives.
Digital remains should be treated with the same care and respect as physical remains
A new study from the University of Oxford recommends regulating the digital afterlife industry to ensure ethical usage of digital remains. The guidelines used for managing human remains in archaeological exhibitions could be applied to regulate commercial use of digital remains, treating them with care and respect rather than manipulat...
New in the Hastings Center Report, March-April 2018
Experts argue that scientific progress can generate harm, while researchers propose a revised standard for disclosing incidental findings. Bioethicist Daniel Callahan also suggests delaying technological innovation to consider its consequences. Additionally, experts like Sean Philpott-Jones advocate for concrete policy measures on gun ...
Review of vitamin D research identifies ethical issues in placebo use
A review of vitamin D research highlights ethical concerns with placebo groups in clinical trials, particularly in vulnerable populations. The authors propose solutions and recommend guidelines for the use of placebos to mitigate risks and ensure informed study design.
E-cigarettes hampered smoking cessation in study
A recent study found that e-cigarette users were less likely to abstain from tobacco at 6 months compared to non-users. However, this finding may not be representative of the general population, and more research is needed to determine the efficacy of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation.
ACP issues ethical guidance for individuals participating in volunteer medical trips
The American College of Physicians releases a new position paper advising physicians on ethical obligations when participating in short-term global health experiences. Key findings include the importance of partnering with local leaders and minimizing potential burdens on local communities.
Researchers say use of artificial intelligence in medicine raises ethical questions
The use of artificial intelligence in medicine raises important ethical questions, including bias in algorithms and the potential for data to replace human clinical experience. Researchers call for careful examination of these risks and for physicians to critically assess machine-learning tools and their limitations.
New in the Hastings Center Report: January-February 2018
The Hastings Center Report has published a new article examining the ethics of rationing healthcare resources through inconvenience. The authors argue that under certain conditions, this approach can be ethical and even preferable to direct rationing. Meanwhile, another author highlights the potential downsides of this practice, includ...
Just conservation is where environmental issues and social justice commingle
A new study by Michigan Technological University proposes principles for resolving conservation conflicts that also consider social justice. The principles focus on three key values: equality, need, and desert, which aim to balance human well-being with environmental protection.
Simplified talk therapy helps ease chronic pain for disadvantaged populations
Researchers found that literacy-adapted group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and simplified pain education (EDU) significantly improved pain and physical function in patients with chronic pain. The study suggests that CBT can be simplified to improve accessibility without reducing its potency.
ACP calls on doctors to practice what they teach
The American College of Physicians recommends reinforcing formal curricula with hidden cultural lessons in medical education. This includes modeling empathy, encouraging reflection, and promoting learner and clinician wellness. The goal is to align positive hidden curricula with formal curricula and foster respect, inquiry, and honesty.
New ethics committee aims to help veterinarians navigate complex care situations
A new veterinary medical ethics committee has been developed at North Carolina State University to aid caregivers in navigating complex care situations. The committee, consisting of seven members, operates independently from the hospital's academic and business aspects to provide a fair and open discussion of ethical issues.
From healthcare to warfare: How to regulate brain technology
Researchers call for regulations to protect human mental privacy and integrity in neurotechnology, citing concerns over dual-use applications. The University of Basel outlines a new framework concept aimed at preventing the weaponization of brain technology.
Drug for spinal muscular atrophy prompts ethical dilemmas, Stanford bioethicists say
The $125,000-per-dose cost of the drug nusinersen poses barriers for many patients with spinal muscular atrophy, who may not have access to it due to insurance restrictions. Early treatment is crucial for halting muscle degeneration, but unequal access to the medication raises ethical concerns about fairness and decision-making.
New in the Hastings Center report, November-December 2017
The article examines the persistence of continuous electronic fetal monitoring as a standard of care, despite evidence that it increases risks. It also discusses the lack of mechanisms for ensuring medical professionals stay current with best practices and the role of malpractice law in setting boundaries on acceptable interventions.
As private funding of biomedical research soars, new risks arise
The shift from public to private funding in biomedical research poses significant challenges, including collaborative research models, intellectual property rights, and oversight. Researchers must navigate conflicts between private benefactors, institutions, and scientists to ensure the integrity of research.
Reimagining autonomy in reproductive medicine
The report examines how financial constraints, clinical expectations, and societal pressures impact reproductive autonomy. It also delves into the 'criminalization of pregnancy' causing racial disparities in reproductive autonomy.
Cleveland Clinic receives grants to study ethical issues in neurotechnology
Researchers will examine patients' and family members' perspectives on personality changes before and after Parkinson's disease treatment. The study aims to develop personalized measures of personality and inform public discussions of identity and autonomy in the context of deep brain stimulation.
Separation of conjoined twins presents surgical and ethical challenges for MGHC staff
The separation of conjoined twins presented a complex medical challenge, requiring coordination of multiple specialists and consideration of the ethical implications. The case highlighted the importance of collaboration and compassion in providing care to vulnerable populations.
'Gentle' dying -- or suicide?
A new study argues that voluntary stopping of eating and drinking (VSED) is a form of suicide, requiring regulation by physicians. In many cases, patients would need substantial medical assistance to carry out their intention of fasting to death.
Insight into the challenges and contributions of nurse bioethicists
University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing's Connie M. Ulrich emphasizes the value of ethic preparedness among nurse bioethicists, addressing challenges in everyday practice and nursing's role in bioethics and care delivery.
New in the Hastings Center Report, September-October 2017
The Hastings Center Report examines ethical dilemmas in global health, including resource sensitivity, physician-assisted death and parental authority. The case for providing cheaper, less effective treatments to promote health and realize ethical values is presented.
End to circus in plastic surgery social media videos?
A new code of ethical behavior for sharing plastic surgery videos on social media aims to curb vulgar content and prioritize patient safety. The guidelines, proposed by Northwestern Medicine authors, are based on four guiding principles of medical ethics and will be presented at the American Society of Plastic Surgeons annual meeting.
Even open-label placebos work -- if they are explained
Researchers found that open-label placebos can be effective in treating physical complaints such as chronic back pain and migraine. The placebo effect is enhanced when participants are given a clear explanation of how it works, suggesting that a narrative plays a crucial role.
First, do no harm: ACP reaffirms opposition to legalization of physician-assisted suicide
The American College of Physicians opposes the legalization of physician-assisted suicide, citing ethical concerns and a focus on improving hospice and palliative care. The organization recommends 12 steps for physicians to provide compassionate supportive care to patients nearing the end of life.
First, do no harm: ACP reaffirms opposition to legalization of physician-assisted suicide
The American College of Physicians (ACP) has reaffirmed its opposition to the legalization of physician-assisted suicide, citing ethical and clinical concerns. ACP emphasizes the importance of improving palliative care, including awareness and access, as a more effective approach to end-of-life care.
20,000 international voices share how they want their DNA information used
The Your DNA Your Say project gathers public opinions on the sharing of genetic information through a film-based survey. The results will feed into the work of GA4GH and inform policy development on how genetic data is used and distributed.
Penn ethicist proposes new category for psychiatric patients to justify instances of compulsory treatment
A new concept of nonvoluntary treatment could distinguish psychiatric patients who refuse help but likely would have accepted it in a healthy state of mind from traditional involuntary treatment. This distinction aims to provide more precise categorization and alleviate ethical concerns.
The ethics of animal research
A new review examines the evolution of animal experimentation ethics, providing strategies for teaching and alternatives like tissue cultures and computer modeling. Practical approaches are offered to improve ethical practices in animal research.
How can we achieve greater balance in future cases like Charlie Gard's, asks expert?
In the wake of Charlie Gard's high-profile court case, Professor Dominic Wilkinson emphasizes the need for fair, accurate, and balanced discussion in cases involving life-prolonging treatment. One potential solution is to allow medical professionals to make public the medical evidence on which they are basing their decisions.
New in the Hastings Center Report, July-August 2017
The Precision Medicine Initiative raises concerns about protecting participant data and balancing health needs across sociocultural groups. Research on life extension also sparks debates over its necessity and potential economic and social impacts.
Cosmetic procedures practice and promotion 'cause for serious concern,' says ethics body
The Nuffield Council on Bioethics recommends banning invasive cosmetic procedures for under 18s, citing social media pressure and lack of regulation. The report calls for improved testing and training for practitioners, as well as public awareness campaigns to ensure safe procedures.