Articles tagged with Science Budgets
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI) is part of a $3 million pilot project to create a model and strategic plan for NSF's largest scientific facilities. The goal is to establish a reservoir of expertise on best cyberinfrastructure practices.
Massachusetts General Hospital is participating in a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of ZMapp, an experimental Ebola treatment. The hospital aims to enhance its biothreats preparedness and provide access to life-saving therapeutics for patients with confirmed Ebola or high-risk exposure.
A Massachusetts General Hospital study found that health plans and network servers were the sources of the highest number of breached patient records, with breaches involving health plans accounting for 63% of all breached records. The study analyzed data breaches from 2010 to 2017 and found that the greatest number of patient records ...
A new study accounts for permafrost carbon release in emission budgets, showing the world may exceed Paris climate targets sooner than thought. Permafrost thaw causes large amounts of previously trapped carbon to be released into the atmosphere, making it a critical factor in estimating emission budgets.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a novel approach to deep supercooling, allowing water-based solutions to remain liquid at temperatures below 0°C. This technique, dubbed 'deep supercooling,' may enable safe preservation of blood cells, tissues, and organs for extended periods.
A new study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that even residents with no initial sleep problems experience significant deteriorating sleep quality and daytime alertness during residency. The study suggests that all residents are at risk, regardless of initial sleep status.
Recruiting small primary care practices for large-scale quality improvement initiatives is difficult and costly. Investigators should budget adequate funds to support high-touch recruitment strategies, including building trusted relationships for a year or more.
Researchers found that nonwhite women were diagnosed at younger ages and with more advanced cancers than white women. The current guidelines may not account for racial differences, leading to delayed diagnosis and potentially harmful outcomes.
A Massachusetts General Hospital physician outlines the findings of the NASEM committee on e-cigarette risks and benefits. The report suggests that e-cigarettes are less hazardous than combustible cigarettes, but more research is needed to establish long-term risks.
A team of MGH investigators has developed an approach to convert autoantibodies into anti-inflammatory antibodies using enzymes, which showed promise in treating two autoimmune diseases. The researchers hope this method will provide a more effective and efficient alternative to IVIG treatment.
A survey of patients found that those reporting higher levels of patient satisfaction with their care were significantly less likely to be readmitted. Good communication with healthcare providers was also linked to a lower risk of readmission. The study highlights the importance of engaging patients in an assessment of their communicat...
A team of researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital has made a technological advancement toward accelerating the discovery of drug targets for obesity, type II diabetes and other metabolic diseases. They utilized rodent gastric bypass models, state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and an array of bioinformatics tools to begin unravelin...
A Massachusetts law restricting ORV use to 14-year-olds led to significant reductions in emergency department visits and hospital admissions. The study found ORV-related ED visits dropped 50% among children aged 10-13, while hospitalizations decreased by 41% for all children under 17.
A new study estimates the numbers of children born annually with Down syndrome and the prevalence of the condition in each of the nine US states. The study found that live birth prevalence ranged from 1 in 729 to 1 in 1,256 across the states, while elective termination reduced the number of births by an average of 39%.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital identified structural brain differences in individuals with severe FND symptoms, particularly reduced insula volume and increased amygdala volume. The study aims to advance understanding of FND pathophysiology and develop better treatments for this debilitating condition.
A 33% cutback in U.S. foreign aid for HIV treatment and prevention programs in South Africa and Côte d'Ivoire would result in devastating health and economic consequences, including over 500,000 additional cases of HIV and 1.6 million more deaths in the next decade. The study suggests that such cuts would produce proportionally greater...
The report identifies five essential domains for successfully addressing disparities: knowing who to involve, shaping organizational culture, creating urgency and a vision, engaging the organization and audience, and harnessing the power of a collaborative network. These strategies were developed by participants in the Massachusetts Ge...
Scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital have established a direct link between increased intestinal permeability and chronic inflammatory diseases. The study provides evidence that zonulin-dependent modulation of small-intestinal permeability enhances antigen trafficking, leading to the development of an inflammatory disease.
A study by Penn State researcher Amit Sharma found that people who frequently dine out tend to under-estimate their spending and then raise their budgets, leading to over-spending habits. The results show that mental budgeting may cause consumers to discount the future and place higher value on current consumption.
A new study suggests that reviving extinct species may lead to a loss of biodiversity rather than an increase. The research found that funding conservation efforts for some revived species would come at the expense of others.
A clinical trial has demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody, lanadelumab, significantly reduces HAE attacks without serious side effects. The study found strong efficacy in participants receiving high doses of the treatment.
Researchers developed a resource of over 5 million microsatellites for use in various plant species, making genetic research cheaper and easier. The study also provides guidelines for researchers using microsatellites.
A large study found that female physicians at public medical schools earn an average of $20,000 per year less than their male counterparts. After adjusting for factors such as age, specialty, and academic productivity, the salary gap remained at 8%.
Hospitalizations related to gout have increased dramatically, reflecting rising incidence and persistent suboptimal care. In contrast, hospitalizations for rheumatoid arthritis have dropped considerably over the past two decades due to improved management and treatment.
The report from MGH and Partners HealthCare examines the first decade of a Shared Decision Making Program, which aims to match patients with the right treatment at the right time. The program has seen significant increases in patient engagement and clinician confidence, particularly after integrating decision aids into routine care.
A new study suggests that the available budget for carbon dioxide emissions is on the low end of previous estimates, lending urgency to addressing climate change. The researchers propose a limit of 590-1240 billion tons CO2 from 2015 onwards to keep global warming below 2°C.
A new study shows the Arctic tundra now releases more carbon than it gains during winter, resulting in a net loss to the atmosphere. Meanwhile, a training initiative in Europe supports young atmospheric researchers with unique skills and collaboration opportunities.
The NSF's EPSCoR program has made eight awards, totaling $42 million, aimed at fostering research collaborations among investigators and institutions across 12 states. The projects focus on developing innovative tools for brain imaging, decoding, and modulation, as well as exploring sustainable energy and water management technologies.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that physicians have lower divorce rates compared to other healthcare professionals. Female physicians were more likely to be divorced than male physicians, possibly due to work-life tradeoffs.
EU-LIFE centers have secured over 100 ERC-funded grants, demonstrating excellence in basic science. However, budget cuts to the Horizon 2020 program may jeopardize Europe's competitiveness in research and innovation.
A recent survey of primary care clinicians reveals that more physicians would recommend careers as nurse practitioners than as primary care physicians, driven by the need for greater clarity about roles and a shift in how clinician's view their careers. The study suggests that efforts to bolster the workforce should focus on reimaginin...
A new study suggests that Tanzanian communities are rejecting the traditional practice of rewarding lion hunters for killing non-threatening lions, which could help conserve endangered species.
Europe's national R&D budgets have stalled, leading to a brain drain and stunted scientific growth. Portugal's former science minister calls for sustained investment to strengthen universities and research facilities, promoting collaboration across borders.
Researchers found that federal agencies are more effective at preserving archaeological sites in the Grand Canyon National Park than in the adjacent Kaibab National Forest. The study highlights the need for better protection and preservation efforts in vulnerable landscapes due to differing policies and limited resources.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital finds that newly insured patients may face challenges in accessing primary care due to a shortage of safety-net physicians. Safety-net physicians are more likely to accept new Medicaid and uninsured patients, but their capacity is being stretched to the limit.
Researchers found that female common cuckoos with alternate color morphs, such as bright rufous, are more likely to slip past host defences and lay undetected. The study suggests that social learning plays a key role in the evolution of mimicry in cuckoo species.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that methylphenidate can reverse general anesthesia with propofol, showing its potential to wake patients up faster. This breakthrough could make general anesthesia safer and more efficient, especially in operating rooms where propofol is commonly used.
A significant minority of physicians admitted to not fully disclosing medical errors due to fear of lawsuits and telling a patient something untrue. The study highlights the need for open and honest communication between doctors and patients.
The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) has selected two Ph.D. candidates, Lida Beninson and Andrew Reinmann, for the 2012 Emerging Public Policy Leadership Award. They will receive training on communicating with policymakers and participate in events with their Congressional delegations.
Researchers gathered at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science to integrate and refine field measurements and computer models of carbon cycling in US East Coast waters. The goal is to create a single integrated carbon budget that represents the flow of carbon within and between coastal components.
A global research team, Nutrient Network (NutNet), has grown to involve over 100 researchers worldwide in six years, using a revolutionary cooperative approach and meta-analysis of existing studies. The team's method has been recognized by Science journal, highlighting its potential for other disciplines.
The study reveals South Georgia's unparalleled biodiversity, with over 1445 species recorded from 17,000 specimens. The region's near-surface waters are experiencing rapid warming, making conservation efforts crucial to monitor future changes and protect this unique ecosystem.
Experts propose a bold vision of hope by translating advances in worm, mouse, and rat research into therapies for humans. The new science of aging can form the basis for a new kind of medicine that focuses on underlying changes driving age-related diseases.
A study by Northwestern University suggests that New York City received less Homeland Security funding than optimal in 2009, translating to a potential net increase of $15 million to $92 million. The researchers analyzed budgets for five fiscal years and found Chicago underfunded while Los Angeles overfunded.
A new study confirms rising rates of childhood obesity and chronic health problems in American children. However, the study also shows that many children's conditions will improve or resolve over six years.
The NFL grant will support research on new materials to repair injured knees, with a focus on meniscal repair. Professor Kyriacos Athanasiou's laboratory at UC Davis is also working on tissue engineering of knee cartilage.
Researchers found that mental budgets alone were insufficient for controlling overconsumption; active goals and numerical recommendations are crucial. Mental budgets succeed when consumers follow specific limit guidelines, such as weight loss programs like Weight Watchers.
A study led by Massachusetts General Hospital found that watching a video of a patient with advanced dementia can help elderly patients plan for end-of-life care. Participants who watched the video were more likely to choose comfort care and felt it was helpful in their decision-making process.
A significant percentage of resident physicians reported that patient handoffs contributed to incidents resulting in patient harm. The study found that half the residents reported that problematic handoffs reduced their ability to provide complete and accurate information.
A new study found that people who made annual budgets were more accurate than those who made monthly ones. The researchers also discovered that people's perception of their budget-making abilities affected the accuracy of the budgets, with annual budgets being more accurate due to the difficulty in construction.
Researchers find large amounts of ozone being destroyed over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, potentially leading to increased greenhouse gas methane. The discovery was made using data from the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory and has significant implications for future climate predictions.
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) has awarded over $35.5 million to McGill University and its affiliated institutions for 80 innovative research projects, including those focused on arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, nutrition, and heart disease.
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) has announced over $298 million in funding for 764 health research projects across Canada. The funded research will focus on addressing important health issues like cancer, heart disease, and HIV/AIDS.
Dr. John Polanyi is awarded the Gerhard Herzberg Gold Medal for his outstanding contributions to science and society over 50 years. The $1 million prize will fund his research for the next five years, supporting breakthroughs in manipulating molecules.
Scientists have discovered Antarctic krill thriving in deep waters, down to 3000 meters, contrary to earlier assumptions about their surface-dwelling nature. This finding sheds light on the complex behavior of marine organisms and highlights the importance of exploring the deep sea to understand our planet.
Researchers discovered that appetitive stimuli can induce a shared state in consumers, leading them to choose smaller, sooner options in unrelated domains. In experiments, women were more likely to splurge on clothing after smelling chocolate chip cookies, and made unplanned purchases when exposed to the scent of a cookie-scented candle.
A survey of US physicians found that over 90% believe participation in health-focused community activities and political involvement are important. Two-thirds of respondents reported actively engaging in such activities, with key areas of focus including healthcare coverage, tobacco control, and reducing air pollution.
A national survey of residents found that over half reported not receiving instruction on key interpreter use topics, despite federal regulations. The study highlights the need for better training and education to improve quality care for patients with limited English proficiency.
A study by British Antarctic Survey found a six-year time lag between sea temperature changes and whale breeding success. Sea surface temperatures in the Southern Ocean have increased by 1°C over the past 50 years, posing a threat to southern right whales' recovery.
A Yale study reveals that recent state budget cuts and outdated provider rates have led to a decline in care by private practice physicians for underinsured and publicly insured patients. The researchers obtained disclosure of HMO rates and found that they pay doctors less than private insurers for comparable services.