Articles tagged with Warfare
A study by Duke University researchers found that individuals who identify with groups tend to discriminate against those outside their groups, even in non-political settings. In contrast, those who do not identify with groups are less prone to bias and make decisions faster.
Researchers analyzed medieval and modern case studies to identify restrictive soil and geologic conditions for tunneling. They found arid areas with low permanent water tables are most susceptible to successful tunneling, recommending monitoring for sound and vibrations to disrupt smugglers.
Researchers found extensive burning at Witzna and its surroundings dating back to the classic period, indicating scorched-earth military campaigns even during periods of prosperity. This challenges the idea that warfare was a late development in Maya civilization's decline.
Researchers at Utah State University have discovered a new mode of water surface skipping termed 'water walking', which involves elastic spheres gaining significant speed to maintain a deformed shape. The team's findings provide new insights into water impact physics and lay the foundation for future design of water-walking drones.
The system allows for individual, team or multi-team training events in a virtual environment, simulating normal operations and emergency conditions. This cutting-edge technology has been developed by the Office of Naval Research Global TechSolutions program and the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division.
Dr. Ben Conley has invented a metamaterial to bring full-spectrum infrared to warfighters, expanding sensed spectrum and improving visibility in caves and tunnels. The technology will not add weight or require additional battery power.
Researchers discovered that bacteria can use provoking toxins to increase aggression levels in competing strains, leading to the elimination of weaker strains. This strategy could be exploited to manipulate microbial communities and fight infections, particularly resistant biofilms.
Philosopher Prof. Dr Michael Quante warns against 'drifting into state terrorism' due to modern weapon systems and ambiguity in the concept of peace. He advocates for honest discussion about war and peace, clearly naming interests pursued by warfare, and remembering the 'just war' doctrine.
Researchers discovered genetic and epigenetic changes in humans and chimpanzees that increase the fight-or-flight response, a trait more common in species with warfare history. These adaptations may have played a role in shaping human warfare.
The US Navy is looking to accelerate innovation and deliver new capabilities quickly to warfighters. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) and leadership from the Naval Research Enterprise will discuss this at Sea-Air-Space.
Researchers from MIPT and their colleagues have created a mathematical model of information warfare, accounting for sporadic propaganda surges. The model predicts that brief surges in propaganda intensity have no long-term effects if the society can forget information, and successfully predicted advertising campaign outcomes.
A Florida State University researcher challenges the idea that modern civilization reduces violence by arguing it may actually increase the likelihood of surviving a war. Studies on chimpanzees and human societies show that larger populations lead to more deaths in conflicts.
Dr George Ndi's research highlights the need to upgrade international laws governing warfare due to increasingly asymmetric conflicts involving states and non-state parties. His paper also explores the legal implications of drone technology and stockpiling weapons of mass destruction.
Researchers found that ancient Rapa Nui mata'a artifacts were likely used as general-purpose tools for cultivation and ritual tasks rather than weapons in warfare. This analysis contradicts the widely-held belief of the island's collapse due to war and instead supports a more sustainable, productive society.
RIT faculty will develop new cybersecurity curriculum on strategic thinking and tactics with a $25,000 Intel gift. The project aims to train future cybersecurity professionals in applying conventional warfare tactics for defense purposes.
The Nataruk massacre is the earliest record of inter-group violence among prehistoric hunter-gatherers who remained largely nomadic. Researchers believe it is the earliest scientifically-dated historical evidence of human conflict, dating back to around 9,500-10,500 years ago.
The Office of Naval Research has developed a new augmented reality training system, which includes 'optical see-through' glasses that enable warfighters to turn any environment into a training ground. The system aims to improve situational awareness and decision-making capabilities for Marines.
A new study finds that Tlaxcallan relied on a previously unknown source of obsidian called El Paredón, just outside the boundaries of the Aztec Empire. This suggests complex international relations during the Aztec Era.
Researchers analyzed indicators of conflict and intergroup interaction in Eastern North America, finding that warfare varied widely over time and space. They identified patterns across extremely large areas, including fortified settlements and skeletal remains of warfare victims.
Traditional stories from around the world reveal five 'fitness costs' of warfare for women, including being killed, captured, or having offspring killed. These stories suggest that ancestral women developed tactics to increase their survival chances, such as manipulating male behavior and using defensive strategies.
A new study by University of Utah anthropologist Shane Macfarlan challenges the idea that humans naturally fight like chimpanzees. Instead, Yanomamö men form long-term alliances with other villages through marriage and cooperation, which leads to increased social status and benefits.
The Fleet Integrated Synthetic Training/Testing Facility (FIST2FAC) enables affordable, adaptive training for naval forces. Sailors can interact with artificially intelligent forces in various settings, developing strategies for complex missions and operations.
A University of Missouri study found that male testosterone levels surge during group competitions against rivals, but remain unchanged when competing with friends. This hormonal reaction is linked to the evolution of human cooperation and coalition formation.
The Autonomous Aerial Cargo Utility System (AACUS) aims to deliver supplies quickly and safely in hostile conditions using autonomous robotic helicopters. With a smartphone-like device, warfighters can control the aircraft's takeoff, flight, and landing.
In Enga, village court magistrates focus on restitution and 'restorative justice,' sending combatants home with compensation. The system has reduced violence and deaths, showing that indigenous means of conflict resolution can be more effective than Western law.
The Office of Naval Research has recognized five engineers for their work on the electromagnetic railgun, a long-range weapons system that fires projectiles using electricity. The team's achievements include two world record launches and significant advancements to the launcher technology.
Researchers found that people attribute human characteristics and moral accountability to humanoid robots that can harm humans, even in non-life-threatening situations. This suggests that as robots become more sophisticated, they may be held responsible for causing harm.
The Navy has fired its first industry-built electromagnetic railgun prototype launcher at a test facility, starting an evaluation towards a future tactical weapon. The tests will evaluate the barrel life and structural integrity of the prototype system.
The Navy is testing an electromagnetic railgun prototype launcher, a long-range weapon that can fire projectiles at speeds of up to 5,600 mph. The technology has the potential to provide Sailors with multi-mission capability for tasks such as naval surface fire support and cruise missile defense.
Dr. Thomas Rid argues that cyber warfare has never taken place and is unlikely to occur in the future due to the lack of lethality in most attacks. He suggests that modern cyber attacks are more sophisticated versions of traditional sabotage, espionage, and subversion.
Dazzle camouflage, a World War I technique, can affect perception of speed when objects move quickly, potentially reducing losses from attacks on fast-moving vehicles. This effect is due to high contrast geometric patterns, which were found to cause a significant reduction in perceived speed by around 7 percent.
A new mathematical model explores the emergence and collapse of complex societies via warfare, revealing that stability is strongly promoted by wealth, power, and well-defined succession mechanisms. The model also predicts 'chiefly cycles' of rapid growth and collapse due to warfare, which can occur without environmental disturbances.
A new underwater warfare model has been developed by Korean researchers, using the DEVS formalism, to analyze the effectiveness of various tactics and weapon systems in combat scenarios. The model provides a flexible framework for testing different algorithms and parameters with minimal modification.
Researchers believe Salado pottery, created between 1275 and 1450, promotes fertility and cooperation, decreasing conflict among females and connecting different ethnic groups. The traditional movement allowed communities to stabilize in modern-day Arizona and New Mexico.
The Sea Node system successfully completed the Trident Warrior 2009 exercise, showcasing its ability to improve situational awareness and reduce operator workload. The system provides collaborative applications for geo-locating coastal radars and enhances existing AN/SSX-1 Electronic Support systems.
A recent study by UA-led researchers documents the health consequences of endemic warfare in northern Kenya, focusing on nutrition and its impact on community health. The research highlights the disproportionate burden of violence on women and children, who face food insecurity and increased mortality rates.
The US must prioritize defending its critical computer networks from cyber attacks due to the difficulty of preventing such attacks and the unclear motivations of attackers. The RAND study highlights the need for diplomatic, economic, and prosecutorial efforts against cyber attackers rather than investing in strategic cyber warfare.
An international team of anthropologists discovered that more aggressive warriors among the Waorani have lower indices of reproductive success than less warlike men. The research contradicts previous findings on Yanomamo men, who were found to benefit from their aggressive behavior in terms of acquiring wives and children.
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) showcased its technology investments to reduce the weight of Marine Corps equipment by up to 30%. New technologies aim to improve body armor, helmets, vehicles, and communications equipment. ONR's goal is to increase mobility and survivability for Marines.
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has been selected by the Pentagon to manage a critical joint training program, known as FITE JCTD, which aims to develop realistic, live-action virtual environments for warfighter training. The program is expected to address joint, coalition and interagency gaps in training capabilities.
The September 2008 issue of BioScience features research on the molecular biology toolbox, permafrost carbon vulnerability to climate change, urbanization impacts on aquatic ecosystems, warfare ecology, sociality in bats, lab-computation collaboration, deforestation and vectorborne disease, and more.
The Iraq war saw a shift from maneuver warfare to insurgency warfare, resulting in more severe injuries and longer transport times. Fragment wounds increased, while gunshots decreased, leading to higher mortality rates.
A new study finds that climate change and temperature fluctuations significantly correlate with warfare frequency in eastern China over the last millennium. The research reveals that cooling temperatures impact agriculture, leading to shortages of essential resources and potentially triggering armed conflicts.
Researchers analyzed human remains from grave sites and found high ratios of female-to-male remains at certain sites, suggesting the practice of raiding women was common. Many female remains showed signs of abuse, providing insight into the impact of warfare on local communities.
Researchers Arkush and Stanish argue that the Andes were home to more frequent and devastating conflicts than previously believed. They contend that a better understanding of the archaeological signatures of warfare will clarify the course of war and peace in the region.
The Navy is developing a new radio frequency concept, AMRF-C, to enable a limited number of transmit and receive antennas to handle multiple communications, radar, and electronic warfare functions. The goal is to reduce costs and improve performance by leveling so-called 'antenna forests'.
The US Navy is developing an all-digital radio receiver that can handle multiple simultaneous signals and reduce communication 'clutter'. The new technology, developed by HYPRES Inc., will enable seamless interoperability among different military units and systems.
Science historians argue that metaphors used in ecological science can carry misleading connotations and contribute to cultural bias. They claim that terms like 'natural enemy' are used without explanation or definition, leading to misconceptions about ecological interactions.
Researchers explore the concept of tribal warfare, revealing that revenge is a primary motive, often linked to deterrence, while social units strive for balance in losses and gains. The study of Waorani tribe in Ecuador suggests that a cultural understanding of revenge can be complex and nuanced.
Roscoe's research on New Guinea tribes suggests that revenge-driven wars are fueled by humans' unique ability to model actions and manipulate emotional states. This allows for the de-humanization of enemies, making it easier to justify violence.
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is developing an Advanced Multi-Function Radio-Frequency Concept (AMRF-C) antenna aperture that can integrate radar and communications functions, reducing the need for separate antennas and increasing stealth.
The Marine Corps has developed an automated suite of tools called the Coherent Analytical Computing Environment (CACE) to help simplify complex mission planning. The CACE Decision Support Suite can produce four weeks' worth of flight schedules in just 15 minutes, reducing the time spent on scheduling from hours to minutes.
Criminal warfare and terrorism require a similar response to traditional armies, with patient police work and no decisive victories. Mueller argues that the US must adopt different strategies outside of traditional military tactics.
The Second Annual International Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Competition will take place at the Naval Systems Warfare Center in Panama City, Florida. Six university teams will compete for a $10,000 prize, with a focus on developing capable AUVs and top-notch engineers to work on them.