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Life Sciences

Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.

447,757 articles | 2542 topics

Health and Medicine

Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.

431,843 articles | 751 topics

Social Sciences

Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.

260,756 articles | 745 topics

Physical Sciences

Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.

257,913 articles | 1552 topics

Applied Sciences and Engineering

Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.

225,386 articles | 998 topics

Scientific Community

Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.

193,043 articles | 157 topics

Space Sciences

Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.

29,662 articles | 175 topics

Research Methods

Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.

21,889 articles | 139 topics

Mathematics

Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.

3,023 articles | 113 topics

Vegetarian meal options in cafeterias

A study found that increasing vegetarian meal options led to a significant increase in sales, with diners who previously avoided vegetarian meals purchasing more after increased availability. The results suggest that expanding vegetarian options can reduce meat consumption and promote healthier eating habits.

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Dietary supplement boosts cognitive function in vegetarians

A new study found that vegetarian volunteers who took a daily creatine supplement showed improved brain function and higher scores on a neurocognitive test compared to non-vegetarians. Vegetarian diets tend to have lower creatine levels, but supplementation can help bridge this gap.

New study shows how vegans, vegetarians and omnivores feel about eating insects

A new study from the University of Eastern Finland examines consumers' intentions to consume foods of insect origin among vegans, non-vegan vegetarians, and omnivores. Vegans held the most rigid negative attitude toward consuming foods of insect origin, while non-vegan vegetarians showed the most positive attitude towards eating insects.

Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Change your diet to save both water and your health

A new study by the JRC found that adopting a healthy diet could reduce the water footprint by 11-35% for meat-based diets, 33-55% for pescetarian diets, and 35-55% for vegetarian diets. This shift towards a more resource-efficient vegetable-rich diet is crucial due to the high water footprint of animal products.

Extinct vegetarian cave bear diet mystery unravelled

A recent study reveals that the direct ancestor of the cave bear had a similar diet to its descendant, suggesting a dietary specialization in vegetal matter. The researchers used geometric morphometrics and micro-CT scanning to analyze ancient fossils, providing new insights into the evolution of Europe's iconic species.

A vegetarian diet is not only good for you -- it's the most affordable too

A new study found that a vegetarian diet is the most affordable healthy dietary pattern, with an average cost of $15.44 per person per day. Compared to the Mediterranean and US diets, it costs around $2.00 less per day. The study used Amazon Grocery data to assess the nutritional quality and cost of three menu plans.

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Study: SNAP benefits aren't enough to afford a healthy diet

A new study from North Carolina State University and the Union of Concerned Scientists found that SNAP benefits only cover 43-60% of the cost of a healthy diet. Lower-income households face significant challenges in affording a balanced diet. The study highlights the need for more affordable food options to support vulnerable populations.

The truth about cats' and dogs' environmental impact

A UCLA researcher calculates that feeding pets contributes to climate change, with dogs and cats responsible for 25-30% of meat consumption's environmental impact in the US. The nation's 163 million dogs and cats eat about 19% as many calories as humans, with premium pet foods often containing more animal products.

Vegetarian diets almost twice as effective in reducing body weight, study finds

A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition found that vegetarian diets are more effective than conventional low-calorie diets in reducing body weight. Vegetarian diets also improve glucose and lipid metabolism, which is particularly important for people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

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Are we what we eat?

A vegetarian diet may have permanently shaped the human genome, favoring a mutation that regulates fatty acid production. This mutation is more frequent in Indian populations with primarily plant-based diets compared to traditional American meat-eaters.

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Eating green could be in your genes

A genetic variation, known as an allele, has been found in populations that have historically favored vegetarian diets, such as in India and parts of East Asia. This adaptation allows these individuals to efficiently process omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which is essential for early brain development and controlling inflammation.

More than bugs: Spiders also like to eat vegetarian

Research reveals that spiders consume a wide variety of plant types, including nectar, sap, and leaves. These findings suggest that spiders may incorporate plants into their diets as a survival mechanism during periods when insects are scarce.

High dietary fiber intake linked to health promoting short chain fatty acids

Research published in Gut found that a high-fiber diet is associated with increased levels of health-promoting short-chain fatty acids, which may help reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The study also showed that vegans and vegetarians had higher levels of these beneficial compounds.

To shed weight, go vegan

A meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials found that vegetarian diets lead to significant weight loss, with vegan diets showing the greatest results, and benefits attributed to high intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

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Vegetarian diets associated with lower blood pressure

Eating a vegetarian diet is linked to reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to omnivorous diets. The analysis of 39 studies found that vegetarian diets can be an effective strategy for preventing and managing hypertension.

Clearer labels needed on drugs containing animal products

A recent study found that nearly three-fourths of common medicines contain animal derived products, including lactose, gelatine, and magnesium stearate. The authors call for improved labelling to inform doctors, pharmacists, and patients about the content of medicines.

Vegetarian diets associated with lower risk of death

A study of over 70,000 Seventh-day Adventists found that vegetarian diets were associated with a 12% lower risk of death. Men showed significant reductions in cardiovascular disease mortality and ischemic heart disease deaths compared to non-vegetarian diets.

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Vegetarianism can reduce risk of heart disease by up to a third

A new study from the University of Oxford found that vegetarians have a 32% lower risk of hospitalisation or death from heart disease compared to meat-eaters. The study analyzed data from almost 45,000 volunteers and found that vegetarian diets were associated with lower blood pressures and cholesterol levels.

You are what you eat: Why do male consumers avoid vegetarian options?

A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that men are generally more reluctant to try vegetarian products due to a metaphoric link between meat and masculinity. The authors discovered that people rated meat as more masculine than vegetables, and that male meat eaters were viewed as more masculine.

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Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

Vegans' elevated heart risk requires omega-3s and B12

A review of vegetarianism's biochemistry suggests that vegans may be at higher risk for blood clots and atherosclerosis due to low levels of essential nutrients. Increasing dietary omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12 can help mitigate these risks, particularly through sources like salmon, walnuts, and fortified milk.

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Vegans' elevated heart risk requires omega-3s and B12

A review of vegetarianism's biochemistry finds vegans at elevated risk for blood clots and atherosclerosis. Key nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12 can mitigate this risk with dietary supplements or fortified foods.

Kidney disease patients: Eat your veggies, reward your kidneys

A vegetarian diet has been shown to lower blood and urine phosphorous levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. The study found that grain-based protein sources, such as those found in vegetables, may help reduce the risk of accumulating toxic levels of phosphorus in the body.

Why must we compensate after buying gifts that threaten our identities?

A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that gift-givers who choose gifts that contradict their own identity experience discomfort and are more likely to choose alternative products. The researchers investigated how social closeness affects this process, revealing that those with stronger bonds experience greater discomfort.

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ADA releases updated position paper on vegetarian diets

The American Dietetic Association has released an updated position paper on vegetarian diets, concluding they are healthy and nutritious for adults, infants, children, adolescents, and pregnant individuals. Vegetarian diets have been linked to lower blood cholesterol levels, reduced risk of heart disease, and improved cancer rates.

Vegan Buddhist nuns have same bone density as non-vegetarians

A recent study published in Osteoporosis International found that the bone density of vegan Buddhist nuns was identical to that of non-vegetarian women, despite lower protein and calcium intakes. The researchers noted that fruits and vegetables may have positive effects on bone health.

News from the April 2009 Journal of the American Dietetic Association

A study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that vegetarians, especially adolescents and young adults, are at a higher risk of binge eating and extreme weight-control behaviors. However, current vegetarians tend to eat healthier diets and have a lower risk of obesity.

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Researchers investigate impact of lifestyle on GI health

A study published at Digestive Disease Week found that a lifelong vegetarian diet can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Additionally, consuming a fatty soup as an appetizer before dinner may lead to reduced food intake in both lean and obese individuals.

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New study shows high-carb, vegan diet causes major weight loss

A new study published in The American Journal of Medicine reveals that a high-carb, vegan diet leads to significant weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity. With unlimited servings of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, this low-fat diet is also associated with lower rates of prostate cancer and various life-threatening diseases.

Raw food vegetarians have low bone mass

A study of strict raw food vegans found they had lower body mass indices and significantly lower bone mass, but normal markers of bone turnover. They also had higher-than-normal vitamin D levels and low inflammation.

New study reveals treatment for 'silent killer' using diet, not drugs

A new study published in Nutrition Reviews finds that a vegetarian diet can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure. By analyzing 80 scientific studies, researchers found that individual patients experience blood pressure-lowering effects from a plant-based diet.

New study explodes myth about vegetarian diet

A new study shows that transitioning to a plant-based diet allows individuals to eat to satiety while losing weight. The study found that patients on a low-fat vegetarian diet experienced significant weight loss and improved cardiovascular health, with 89% feeling mostly or completely used to the diet after 14 weeks.

Diet as good as drug for lowering cholesterol, says study

A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that a vegetarian diet high in fibre, nuts, and plant sterols can lower LDL cholesterol levels by nearly 29%, comparable to the effects of a standard cholesterol-reducing drug. The findings suggest an evolutionary adaptation to a

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Going vegetarian?

A well-planned vegetarian diet provides numerous health benefits, including lower intakes of saturated fat and cholesterol. Vegetarians tend to have healthier body weight, lower rates of heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, prostate cancer, and colon cancer.

Vegetarian Diet Pyramid Released

The Vegetarian Diet Pyramid offers a well-balanced ovo-lacto vegetarian diet plan emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. The pyramid recommends daily exercise and water intake, while optional foods include eggs and sweets.

Diet, Moderate Alcohol Use Reduce Heart Disease Risk In Runners

A new study found that vegetarian diets combined with vigorous exercise or moderate alcohol intake can significantly lower the risk of coronary artery disease. The research also showed that running and drinking were linked to increased levels of good cholesterol in both vegetarians and non-vegetarians.