Articles tagged with Nobel Prizes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at SISSA and Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste have used x-ray crystallography to demonstrate that the selectivity filter of ion channels is dynamic, not rigid. This discovery contributes to solving a long-standing debate among biophysicists and neurobiologists.
Researchers develop a new classification system for Charge Density Waves (CDWs) based on their nature, improving understanding of these complex phenomena. The study sheds light on the origin of CDWs and corrects a long-standing textbook picture, providing insights into materials science.
Susan R. Wessler, a world-renowned expert in transposable elements, has been awarded the McClintock Prize for her exceptional contributions to plant genome structure, function, and evolution. Her research on plant transposable elements has led to significant findings on the impact of these elements on plant genomes.
The 64th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting stressed the importance of supporting basic research to inform applied science. Young scientists called for increased investment in their generation to address global health challenges. The event highlighted the need for tailored approaches and collaboration among governments, industry, and science.
The study found that average waiting times for Nobel prizes are increasing exponentially, with average age at which laureates receive the award also rising. This trend threatens to undermine the prestigious award, as the predicted average age among prizewinners could even exceed life expectancy by the end of this century.
Randy Schekman and James Rothman, Nobel laureates in cellular vesicle transport, criticize federal research funding cuts and commercialized scientific journals. They emphasize the importance of preserving basic research and promoting alternative measures of individual research value.
Five Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) grantees were awarded Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine and Chemistry for their groundbreaking work. This achievement underscores the value of supporting innovative research projects and fosters collaboration among scientists.
Dr. Südhof's pioneering work on synaptic transmission has led to a better understanding of brain function under normal and pathologic conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease. He was recognized for his discoveries of key information about cellular transport systems, alongside Dr. James E. Rothman and Randy W. Schekman.
Researchers at SISSA have developed a circuit simulating the ferromagnetic Kondo effect, a phenomenon linked to spin of metal electrons. The team predicts this effect can be observed with sufficient low temperature, which would change material properties like resistivity.
A study found that countries consuming large amounts of milk have a higher number of Nobel laureates, possibly due to the boost in vitamin D levels which can enhance cognitive function. However, the relationship may not be solely driven by education, as some nations with high milk consumption also exhibit strong educational systems.
Scientists at the University of Warwick and Tohoku University have directly imaged Landau Levels, showing concentric rings that increase according to energy level. The discovery uses scanning tunnelling spectroscopy to overcome material disorder, shedding light on the quantum Hall effect.
The average age at which Nobel laureates in chemistry do their prize-winning work is increasing since 1960, with most prizes awarded after the 40th birthday. The shift favors older scientists who can conduct extensive experiments.
Saul Perlmutter, along with Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess, discovered the accelerating expansion of the universe through distant supernovae observations. This discovery implies the existence of dark energy, a mysterious force opposing gravity and increasing galaxy distances.
A novel molecular mechanism discovered by Bruce Beutler and colleagues suggests that the body's molecular sensors may trigger autoimmune disease. The researchers' findings have important implications for understanding the initiation of both protective and inflammatory immune responses, as well as autoimmune diseases.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have created a graphene 'Big Mac' structure that isolates graphene from environmental influences, allowing for better electronic properties. This breakthrough enables the potential replacement of silicon chips in computers with graphene-based transistors.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new method to describe electronegativity, a basic chemical concept that can be difficult for college students to grasp. The system, called an atomic solid state energy scale, offers simplicity of understanding and opens important new avenues in materials and chemical research.
Saul Perlmutter, a physicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with colleagues Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess. Their groundbreaking work discovered the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
Hermann Muller knowingly lied about safe levels of radiation exposure, says UMass researcher Edward Calabrese. Muller's suppression of evidence led to the adoption of a linear dose-response model that has shaped radiation and chemical exposure regulations.
The American Chemical Society is hosting a symposium to address the global shortage of scientists with people skills. The event aims to equip scientists with effective communication and charisma skills to inspire students and engage with the public. Key findings include the importance of social skills in science leadership.
A recent publication by Dirk Helbing and Santo Fortunato shows that innovations can overcome the rich-gets-richer dynamics in scientific achievements through the boost factor, identifying landmark papers with sharp peaks. This finding suggests that science undergoes phase transitions, where sudden systemic shifts occur, and citation av...
The Salk Institute created the Renato Dulbecco Chair in Genomics and Roger Guillemin Chair in Neuroscience, honoring their groundbreaking research contributions. The $6 million gift from Irwin Jacobs will pay tribute to Drs. Dulbecco and Guillemin's leadership and innovation.
Prof. Elon Lindenstrauss received the Fields Medal for outstanding mathematical achievement, the first Israeli to win the prestigious prize. The award recognizes his research solving complex problems in number theory, highlighting Israel's elite status in mathematical research.
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology honored 11 researchers with various awards for their groundbreaking contributions to the life sciences. Axel T. Brunger, Michael Brown, Joseph Goldstein, Charles E. Chalfant, Job Dekker, Christine Guthrie, Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann, Yusuf Hannun, and Arthur E. Johnson received...
Willard Boyle shares Nobel Prize for co-invention of charged-couple device (CCD) with George E. Smith and Charles K. Kao. The CCD is a semiconductor circuit capable of sensing light and images, key technology behind digital photography.
Leon Schwartz, a veteran member and visiting professor at Yeshiva University's Sy Syms School of Business, has been awarded the INFORMS Fellow Award for his exceptional accomplishments in operations research. The New York Chapter's Moving Spirit Award was also presented to him for his dedicated service to the chapter over 20 years.
The IPCC's 4th United Nations Climate Report revealed new facts on global climate change, raising awareness of the issue. The report also highlighted the impact of rising temperatures and species extinction, supported by over 3100 scientific studies.
Brian Wansink's research on bottomless bowls of creamy tomato soup found that people eating from soup bowls with hidden refills ate 73% more soup than those in normal bowls, without feeling fuller. The study suggests that cues around us influence not only what we eat but also how much and when we feel full
Peter Grünberg's discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance led to increased storage capacity in hard disks and the development of spintronics, a new research field exploiting quantum spin states. The award marks the Helmholtz Association as a leader in providing an excellent working environment for exceptional researchers.
The Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research honors scientists whose work has the potential to transform human health. This year's award includes a $100,000 cash prize and will be selected by an independent committee chaired by Dr. Solomon Snyder.
Robert Trivers, a Rutgers University professor, has been awarded the prestigious Crafoord Prize in Biosciences for his groundbreaking research on social evolution and conflict. The prize recognizes his foundational analysis of social behavior patterns in animals, which has inspired significant behavioral ecologists' work.
Three New York high school students, Jedtsada Laucharoen, Alina Fradlis, and Michael Vishnevetsky, have won the prestigious Nobel Essay Contest. They will attend lectures by this year's Nobel Laureates, participate in the Prize Award Ceremony, and enjoy a traditional Swedish meal during their all-expense-paid trip to Sweden.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports six Nobel laureates in chemistry, physics, and economics with its grants. NSF supported Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock, Yves Chauvin, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch, and Roy J. Glauber for their pioneering work on metathesis, laser-based precision spectroscopy, and game-theory analy...
Jan Hall, a scientist emeritus at NIST and JILA fellow, was awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics alongside Theodor W. Hänsch for their contributions to laser-based precision spectroscopy. Their work enabled precise control of light frequencies, leading to breakthroughs in science, technology, and navigation.
Sir Samuel Frederick Edwards and Patrick A. Lee are being honored with the ICTP Dirac Medal for their groundbreaking work in polymer physics, spin glass theory, and many-body systems. The award, established in 1985, is given to scientists who have made significant contributions to theoretical physics and mathematics.
Three NYC students won the Grand Prize by writing essays on major scientific achievements by Nobel Prize winners, including physics, chemistry, and medicine. The winners will attend the Nobel prize ceremonies in December.
The New York Academy of Sciences launches a new science essay contest for NYC high school juniors, encouraging them to explore the impact of Nobel Prize-winning achievements on science and society. The contest aims to promote public awareness of the Nobel Prizes and their contributions to everyday life.
Gross and Frank Wilczek discovered asymptotic freedom, a force that grows stronger with distance, allowing for the calculation of experiment results. This finding has implications for experiments and provides clues to new physics beyond the Standard Model.
Physicists James D. Bjorken and Curtis G. Callan have been awarded the 2004 Dirac Medal by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) for their significant contributions to theoretical physics and mathematics, including the development of deep inelastic scattering techniques that shed light on strong interactio...
Professor Bill Mitsch of Ohio State University has won the prestigious Stockholm Water Prize for his work on preserving and studying wetlands. The award recognizes his decades-long research on ecosystem behavior and his efforts to address water crises, including the annual hypoxia problem in the Gulf of Mexico.
Experts K. Eric Drexler and Richard E. Smalley disagree on the possibility of molecular assemblers, devices that can precisely manipulate atoms and molecules. Drexler proposes guiding chemical synthesis with reactive molecules, while Smalley questions the feasibility of such devices.
Researchers Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle create a super-size boson by manipulating Bose-Einstein Condensates. They achieved this feat using optical and magnetic trapping techniques, demonstrating the wave nature of matter.
Dr. K. Barry Sharpless' discovery of chiral catalysts has enabled the production of useful molecules, including therapeutics that improve human health and lives. His work has streamlined the creation of important chemicals, including antibiotics and heart medicines.