Articles tagged with Mars
A team of Canadian and U.S. researchers have found evidence that ragged features on Mars' surface were once shorelines of massive ancient oceans. The study suggests that a shift in Mars' spin axis within the past 2-3 billion years deformed these shorelines.
Researchers found changes in Mars' topography that could be explained by surface deformation from 'true polar wander', a phenomenon where a planet's spin axis shifts. The study suggests large oceans on Mars existed in the past, with evidence pointing to the presence of vast oceans and massive deformations along ancient shorelines.
The University of Arizona's HiRISE team has released over 1,200 Mars images to the Planetary Data System, making them available to the public through a user-friendly viewer tool. The images reveal hundreds of important discoveries about Mars, including crater impacts and dust avalanches.
Scientists on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission found evidence of long-past explosive volcanic activity at Home Plate, a plateau in Gusev Crater. The data collected by the rover supports earlier findings that water once existed at or beneath the planet's surface.
Phoenix will use a robotic digging arm to determine if the Martian soil environment was favorable for microbial life. The lander is equipped with instruments that suggest frozen water exists within arm's reach of the surface.
Researchers found that water ice exists in variable depths and is patchy across the Martian surface. The discovery was made using data from NASA's THEMIS camera on the Mars Odyssey orbiter, which showed that areas with rocky surfaces have deeper ice deposits, while dusty areas allow ice to survive closer to the surface.
Researchers completed laying a 52 km cable for the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) observatory, providing power and data connectivity to deep-sea instruments. The MARS system will enable continuous monitoring of ocean conditions, allowing scientists to track changes over time.
Researchers at Northern Arizona University have identified possible caverns on Mars that could provide a habitat for future explorers and potentially preserve evidence of past or present microbial life. The team used techniques developed for cave detection on Earth to analyze images from the Mars Odyssey mission.
The MARSIS radar has mapped the South Polar region of Mars, revealing a giant dome-shaped area composed mainly of ice. The radar signals have also identified depressions with variable distribution and depth of ice deposits at high latitudes.
The Mars Express radar instrument has mapped the thickness of dusty ice deposits at Mars' south pole, estimating a liquid layer about 11 meters deep. The findings suggest that polar layered deposits contain most of the known water on modern Mars.
Expert suggests searching for past life on Mars by exploring old rocks and sediments, using instruments to analyze biosignatures and organic materials. Robotic drilling technology currently limits to a few yards depth, making exopaleontology the best approach.
New images from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show linear fractures and 'halos' of light-toned bedrock, suggesting past fluid flow through underlying bedrock. The findings provide a promising site to search for evidence of habitable niches in the Martian past.
Current drills may find essential signs of life on Mars but can't reach the living cells that could survive in ice at Elysium or recent craters due to radiation levels, scientists say. The team found that drilling depth required for finding living cells is much deeper than current probes can reach.
Researchers have found evidence of ancient impact basins and topographic depressions in the Martian lowlands using MARSIS instrument, confirming the subsurface's complexity. The discovery sheds light on the geologic evolution of Mars, revealing a dichotomy between the northern and southern hemispheres.
A Queen's University researcher has discovered a mineral that could explain the mountainous landscape of Mars, suggesting the planet was likely wetter in the past. The study reveals layering in rocks indicative of sediment manipulated by water, which would require significant water on the planet at some point.
Mars Express's OMEGA instrument reveals a thick slab of dry ice in the cryptic region, but dust contamination is caused by geysers triggered by sunlight heating the soil beneath. The geysers create spots and fans, which suggest a process that could significantly contribute to the dust contamination observed.
The HiRISE camera took a remarkable picture showing the entire 800-meter Victoria crater and the rover down to its tracks and shadows. The images reveal a distinctive scalloped shape to the crater's rim, layered sedimentary rocks, and sand dunes on the floor.
Scientists are researching ways to reduce radiation-induced brain damage for Mars missions, which could lead to new treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's disease. The research project is part of a $14-million study funded by NASA to determine the human brain's maximum safe cosmic radiation dose.
University of Houston and Lunar Planetary Institute researchers use data mining and machine learning to analyze Martian surface patterns. They develop new computational tools to characterize large portions of the Martian landscape, aiding understanding of past water activity on Mars.
The UK is investing in the ExoMars mission to explore the Martian surface and search for signs of past and present life. The mission will also study the planet's geochemistry, water distribution, and geophysics, aiming to identify potential hazards for future human missions.
Research papers in Geophysical Research Letters highlight climate change impacts on Mars, with data from orbiting spacecraft and rovers revealing a hemispheric dichotomy. In the Arctic, sea ice reduction is linked to inflows from the Pacific Ocean, while the Indian Ocean experiences decadal variability in its circulation. Scientists st...
Researchers suggest that finding organic nitrogen on Mars would be a strong indication of past biological activity. The presence of nitrogen in the Martian atmosphere is unlikely due to the planet's lack of biological activity, making it an important target for search missions.
A comprehensive mineral history of Mars reveals that conditions became increasingly dry and acidic around 3.5 billion years ago, making it an unlikely place for life to thrive. The study identifies clay-rich rocks and soil as potential targets for future lander missions.
A Mars meteorite containing tiny burrows has been discovered, sparking interest in the search for life beyond Earth. The discovery, published in Astrobiology journal, suggests that Martian rock formations may be similar to those created by bacteria on Earth.
Scientists have found that macromolecular carbon in Martian meteorites is always associated with magnetite, a mineral catalyst for its formation. This association raises hopes that the meteorite's carbon complexes could be evidence of non-biological synthesis of organic molecules on Mars.
Researchers are searching for signs of life on Mars by analyzing the distribution of a specific type of nitrogen in Martian rocks, soil, and water. They found that organisms leave behind unique nitrogen 'fingerprints' on rocks, which could be used to detect biosignatures of past or present life.
Scientists studied magma chamber pressure changes following a massive lava-dome collapse on Montserrat, finding an unprecedented increase in pressure. Another study revealed a simplified model of rock fracture dissolution, which predicts a power-law distribution of channel lengths. Additionally, researchers explored aerosol transport a...
The Mars Express and NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter missions are providing valuable insights into Mars' upper interior. The combination of radars on the two missions will directly map the structure of the upper portions of the interior, revealing information about water, ice caps, and crust deformation.
Researchers at Boston University found that X-ray bursts from the Sun cause dramatic alterations to Mars' ionosphere, as detected by NASA's MGS spacecraft. The team used measurements on Earth to confirm the findings and gain a better understanding of the phenomenon.
Researchers from UC Berkeley found no signature of life in Earth's topography, contrary to previous assumptions. Instead, they suggest that life's influence is more subtle, shaping landforms like rounded hills and meandering rivers, but not creating unique features.
Researchers found that tropical glaciers on Mars were formed from snow brought from the polar regions, similar to Earth's mountainous regions. This discovery sheds light on past climate changes on Mars and potential pockets of ice scattered across the planet.
Researchers suggest that Martian features can be explained by meteorite strikes rather than evaporated lakes. Base surges from massive explosions caused by meteorite impacts result in simple and consistent explanations for rock formations and sediment layers found at the Opportunity site.
A new U. of Colorado study challenges previous findings on Mars' Meridiani Planum region, suggesting it was more geologically similar to volcanic regions in North America or Europe. The research proposes that the region's chemical composition was created by sulfur-bearing steam vapors moving up through volcanic ash deposits.
Researchers found ancient microbes in ice cores from Greenland, which could be a preview of what's discovered under Mars' surface. The discovery suggests that methane-generating Archaea might exist on Mars, and state-of-the-art instruments could detect them around meteor craters.
Researchers discovered hundreds of auroras on Mars over six years, linked to strong magnetic field patches in the crust. These events produce ultraviolet light and are not as colorful as Earth's auroras.
NASA's Spirit and Opportunity rovers are uncovering evidence of wet, possibly habitable conditions on Mars in areas they're exploring. They've found variations of bedrock, including platform-like structures, that suggest a hot, violent past with volcanic explosions and impacts.
The MARSIS radar has provided direct information about Mars' deep subsurface, revealing buried impact craters and hints of underground water-ice. The radar's measurements have changed our perception of the Red Planet, adding a new dimension to its knowledge.
MARSIS reveals a 'lumpy' ionosphere on Mars with unexpected bumps related to strong magnetic fields, providing insights into the planet's subsurface. The discovery sheds light on what happened to water that likely carved deep canyons on Mars.
Data from Mars Express confirms the presence of hydrated minerals, implying long-term liquid water on Mars during the Noachian era. Phyllosilicates and sulphates were detected in various regions, suggesting two distinct climatic episodes: a moist environment for phyllosilicates and an acid environment for sulphates.
ICESat measures polar ice sheets, clouds, mountains, and forests with three lasers, enabling scientists to see objects in three dimensions. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument has fired its one billionth shot, collecting detailed information on the vertical structure of the Earth system.
The European Space Agency's Venus Express spacecraft is on its journey to Venus, where it will study the planet's extremely hot atmosphere, high pressure, and mysterious 'super-rotation'. The spacecraft will deploy instruments to probe the surface and atmosphere, with a planned mission duration of at least two Venusian days.
The Venus mission aims to study the planet's surface and atmosphere, with a focus on volcanoes and potential biological activity. The spacecraft will use advanced instruments to detect 'hotspots' in the clouds and make a positive detection of volcanoes.
New research reveals that Mars' mid-latitude glaciers are similar to those on Earth, with features such as lineated valley fill and debris arcs. The findings suggest that Mars is experiencing ongoing climate shifts, allowing ice to leave the poles and accumulate at lower latitudes.
A new concept, funded by NASA's NIAC, proposes using guided balloons to study the Martian surface in unprecedented detail. These balloons can be steered towards specific targets and drop small science packages, allowing for faster exploration of the planet.
CRISM will map areas on the Martian surface down to house-sized scales, detecting minerals in reflected sunlight. The instrument will identify sites most likely to have contained water, making them potential landing sites for future missions.
A recent study highlights the dangers of Solar Proton Events (SPEs) and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) on a manned Mars mission. The researcher recommends improving space weather monitoring and developing lightweight mechanisms to detect dangerous space weather, as well as creating more robust models for propagation over larger distances.
A new study by Arizona State University reveals Mars' surface minerals using THEMIS and TES data, yielding surprising results in localized areas. The findings show that Mars has evolved and continues to evolve beneath its surface, similar to Earth, with diverse igneous mineral types rivaling those found on our planet.
Researchers used ocean sound waves to track the Indian Ocean tsunami quake's movement, revealing a slower speed than expected. A new model for raindrop formation may improve understanding of Earth's climate and cloud formation.
Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, have successfully tested their life detection instrument, the Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA), which can detect amino acids and homochirality on Mars. The instrument passed key tests in Chile's Atacama Desert, paving the way for its inclusion on the European Space Agency's ExoMars mission.
Researchers argue that oxygen-rich atmospheres are essential for complex life to exist. However, since levels of oxygen won't have had time to develop sufficiently before a sun dies, life may not be able to evolve on planets orbiting short-lived suns.
A new study by Dartmouth researchers suggests that methane on Mars can be produced from non-living sources, including the mineral olivine. The findings provide a plausible explanation for a warmer and wetter early Mars, with abundant liquid water present on the surface.
NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers Opportunity and Spirit have been studying geology on opposite sides of Mars for over a year. The rovers have found extensive layered bedrock, including rocks containing the mineral Ilmenite, which suggests a shared origin and diversity in volcanic rocks in the Gusev region.
The Swarms Project aims to develop software framework for autonomous robots to work together, inspired by natural swarming behaviors. The project will leverage expertise in AI, robotics, and biology to tackle complex tasks such as locating terrorists or chemical spills.
Scientists from Oregon State University have discovered new theories about Mars' climate and polar regions, shedding light on the mystery of the planet's icecaps. The study reveals that the southern pole's permanent icecap is comprised primarily of carbon dioxide ice, which could indicate global climate change.
Scientists at PNNL develop MicroCATS, a system to produce propellant from Martian resources, regenerating breathable air and enabling life support. The goal is to advance microtechnology principles for larger-scale Mars missions by 2030.
Researchers have discovered five giant impact basins on Mars that lie along a great circle, indicating that asteroids collided with the planet's equator. The finds suggest that running water likely existed in the region before surface water diminished, which is crucial for future manned missions to Mars.
Researchers reassess Martian landslides using recent images and propose alternative gravity-driven explanation. Ocean color tracking reveals 50-year dataset for phytoplankton abundance estimation. Aerosol concentrations in China's atmosphere reduce daily surface solar radiation since 1961, according to Geophysical Research Letters papers.
The European Space Agency recommends a mission that combines key technologies from BeagleNet, ExoMars and NASA to search for life on Mars. The rover will include instruments to study seismic phenomena and a drill capable of penetrating the surface.
Researchers are creating a chemical guidebook to identify signs of microbial life in Martian rocks. The team, supported by a $900,000 grant, will use advanced mass spectrometer technology and fuzzy logic computer program to analyze spectral images and make decisions about sample selection.
Scientists analyze Mars Express images to find evidence of ancient glaciers, including flow features and glacial moraines. The study suggests a significant climate change on Mars within the last million years, which could be caused by a shift in the polar axis.