Articles tagged with Planet Earth
A team of scientists discovered a microbe that can survive at -20°C, which could provide clues about how life might thrive beneath the Martian polar ice caps. Researchers propose that similar habitats may exist on Mars and should be explored.
Scientists observed the Van Allen Belts being pushed and prodded to a nearly unprecedented degree during the 'Halloween storm' of 2003. The outer belt's center moved just 6,000 miles from Earth's equatorial surface, causing a significant increase in radiation.
Researchers use seismographic data to produce a sharp image of the planet's interior, revealing giant spouts of heat known as mantle plumes. The findings confirm the existence of these column-like structures, which are believed to cause island chains like Hawaii and Iceland.
A University of Michigan professor is developing new computer animations to help students better understand the Earth's structure and internal processes. His approach complements existing techniques, allowing students to progress from simpler models to more complex representations.
The $5 million Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) satellite, launched in 1998, measured nitric oxide in the upper atmosphere affecting Earth's ozone layer and X-rays from the sun. SNOE re-enters atmosphere in early Dec., with most of it expected to burn up.
The Mars landers will display images of EarthDials from around the world, showcasing differences in shadows between hemispheres and equator. The project aims to educate about timekeeping and our planet's unique features.
A team of scientists has found evidence that a massive ancient meteorite struck the Earth 251 million years ago, triggering climate change and volcanic activity. This led to the extinction of nearly nine-tenths of all life on Earth.
A geologist has used historical data from Lewis and Clark to calculate the magnetic declination in the North American interior. The analysis reveals changes in the magnetic pole over time, with some maps corrected to be remarkably accurate.
Ripple features on Mars have been found to be almost 20 feet high, much taller than those on Earth, with the exact heights and grain sizes still unknown. The dimensions of these Martian ripples are likely influenced by lower gravity and may reveal insights into local and regional weather patterns.
Columbia researchers have developed a classification system for turning SAR data into detailed maps of landscape elements like water, vegetation, and rocks. This technology has shown superiority over optical remote sensing in identifying disaster zones, particularly during nighttime or with smoke and dust present.
NASA will conduct thousands of experiments at its new $34 million Space Radiation Laboratory to develop materials and countermeasures protecting spacecraft crews from harmful space radiation. The laboratory, built in cooperation with the Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, simulates the harsh space environment.
Researchers at the University of Aberdeen and Glasgow aim to analyze biomolecules trapped in rocks dating back millions to billions of years, potentially revealing secrets about life's origin. The three-year initiative will also explore miniaturizing the technique for use on spacecraft traveling to other planets.
Researchers predict a decrease in solar activity's impact on global warming over the next 100 years, with potential returns to current levels by 2200. The study suggests that solar variability will not amplify climate change, but rather subdue its effects.
The report highlights the growth of tourism in fragile ecosystems, threatening biodiversity. Sustainable tourism development can balance economic and environmental needs, providing opportunities for conservation and local community well-being.
Research suggests that planets with high tilt angles may be habitable if they have suitable geography, such as large oceans or continents near the equator. While extreme temperatures would make it difficult for simple life forms to survive, advanced water-dependent life could thrive in these environments.
Scientists mapped locked zones on the Cascadia megathrust, revealing a 56-mile swath of land faces a greater threat from earthquakes than previously thought. Another major earthquake is expected within the next 200 to 800 years, putting rapidly growing inland cities at risk.
The UCLA Center for Astrobiology will focus on four themes: extrasolar planetary systems, habitability of planets and their satellites, Earth's early environment and life, and evolution of biological complexity. The center aims to detect planets beyond our solar system using new methods and study the factors that control habitability.
Researchers chart seismic effects on water levels to better understand the impact of earthquakes on hydrology. The study found that wells and aquifers respond differently to earthquakes than surface water, with effects recorded at greater distances.
Astronomers have discovered seven planet-forming disks, extending up to 100 times larger than previously seen disks, around infant stars in the constellations Orion and Perseus. These discoveries suggest that planets may form at much greater distances from stars, making them easier to detect.
Researchers used GPS receivers to detect seismic waves from a 7.9 magnitude earthquake in Alaska and measure their impact on the US and Canada, revealing large surface displacements. The study showcases the versatility of GPS technology for tracking seismic activity and monitoring natural disasters.
Researchers at Columbia University suggest that ancient faults in the Wabash Valley Fault System may be re-activated, causing recent earthquakes. The study analyzed seismic data from a June 2002 earthquake and found evidence of strike-slip faulting on a near-vertical fault plane at 18 km depth.
Scientists create composite maps of the world's 'net primary production' every 8 days, revealing how much carbon dioxide is taken in by vegetation during photosynthesis. The new measurement provides a global perspective on the Earth's carbon cycle and has implications for climate change, agriculture, and ocean productivity.
A team of UC Berkeley scientists resolves a long-standing puzzle in earth science by clarifying the depth of the continental lithosphere. By re-examining earthquake-generated seismic waves, they determine that the boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere lies at 200-250 kilometers.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University discovered two new instances of Type Ia supernovae, providing valuable insights into the early evolution of the universe. The identified stars are believed to be around 4.7 and 7.6 billion light years from Earth, offering a better understanding of cosmic distances.
The gamma ray burst, discovered by the ROTSE (Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment) collaboration, has an intensity 100 times greater than previously observed. Its proximity to Earth allows for detailed study of its decaying light.
The Carnegie Mellon, NASA collaboration aims to push the limits of technology in harsh environments using a robotic system that will use sensing and intelligence to find land forms or environmental conditions that could harbor life. The project involves annual field experiments in the Atacama Desert with an increasingly capable robot.
The THEMIS mission aims to pinpoint the location of substorms that produce auroral eruptions. Five satellites will track the motion of plasma along the sun-Earth line, providing insights into the processing of solar wind energy. The mission has the potential to resolve a long-standing problem in understanding space weather.
A NASA study has found a significant increase in solar radiation over the past 24 years, which could contribute to global climate change. The trend is comparable to one previously reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and may have been present throughout the 20th century.
The EarthWorks project uses architectural software and high-resolution computer modeling to virtually rebuild ancient Native American monuments. The team has successfully recreated the location and appearance of many region's earthworks constructed by the Adena, Hopewell and Fort Ancient cultures from as early as 600 BC.
Changes in atmospheric pressure and wind patterns cause forces that act on the solid Earth, leading to slight slowdowns in Earth's rotation during El Niño years. This effect is tied to the law of conservation of angular momentum, which connects the Earth's rotation rate with its overall mass.
Researchers discovered six grains of stardust outside our solar system, including crystalline grains that contradict established theories. The study found that stardust is surprisingly common in interplanetary dust particles, suggesting it comes from primitive bodies.
Researchers discover new life forms living in extreme environments, such as gold mines and volcanic rocks, providing clues to the origins of life on Earth and potentially on Mars. These microorganisms may be using nuclear energy or toxic waste as fuel, shedding light on the diversity of possible fuel sources for life.
Researchers have discovered that an earthquake can cause damage to a neighboring fault line, potentially leading to more earthquakes. The study, led by UCLA's Vidale, measured seismic wave speed to detect this effect and found it in the Landers fault, which is 10 miles away from the Hector Mine fault.
New mapping data reveals dramatic changes in Earth's crust beneath Lake Vostok, indicating a faultline and supporting the idea that thermal energy comes from tectonic processes. The lake's unique ecosystem may contain microorganisms with distinct adaptations to extreme environments.
Research at the University of Minnesota suggests that magnetic field lines, similar to a slinky, can produce energy waves that accelerate electrons toward Earth. These waves are sufficient to power auroras, which occur in ring-shaped patterns around the poles.
The Rosetta Plasma Consortium will monitor Comet Wirtanen over a long period, studying the structure of its 'bubble' of plasma and comparing it to its nucleus size. The instruments, built by researchers from various countries, are designed to detect and measure the properties of diffuse plasma in space.
Roger Buick emphasizes the importance of searching for simple evidence of ancient life on Earth to find signs of life elsewhere. He suggests using basic techniques and having an open mind due to the complexities of finding early life.
Jeneene Sams, a NASA space product manager, works with companies to conduct experiments in space that improve their products and ultimately people's lives. She sponsors two commercial experiments: one on growing zeolite crystals that can store hydrogen, a pollution-free fuel, and another testing a fire-fighting system in microgravity.
Methane-based greenhouse and anti-greenhouse events contributed to the Archean climate's stability. The presence of methanogenic bacteria played a crucial role in these processes.
Researchers challenge the long-held idea of a warm, wet Mars with evidence from large asteroid and comet impacts. These events created short-lived but intense periods of rain and flooding on the planet's surface, leading to the formation of rivers and valleys.
Researchers suggest that life emerged from chemical reactions in deep ocean environments, challenging traditional views of cell evolution. The theory proposes that inorganic iron sulphide cells were the first to form and eventually gave rise to living cells.
Geologist Schmitt presents new insights into the Moon's origin, contradicting the Giant Impact hypothesis, and its implications for understanding early Earth and Mars. He also discusses possible evidence for ancient oceans on Mars and the potential for life in the solar system.
A lunar solar power system, proposed by Criswell, could supply up to 20 terawatts of electricity to Earth, enough for a population of 10 billion. The system would harness just one percent of the moon's solar power and beam it back to receivers on Earth via microwave beams.
Researchers used a climate change model on Earth to analyze Mars' polar regions, finding a correlation between the layers of ice and dust and changes in climate. The study suggests that Mars' climate changes can be explained by orbital theory, similar to Earth.
Scientists are developing a new space weather model that can mimic solar explosions, auroras, and geomagnetic storms. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) will provide a computer model of Earth's upper atmosphere to aid the effort.
Researchers uncovered characteristics of faults that move backwards, contrary to conventional observations, and found the material within faults is significantly different than its surroundings. The study provides a new way to identify potentially active faults and better understand the earthquake process.
Space weather events, caused by solar storms, are damaging satellites and power grids due to increasing technological challenges. Scientists are working on predicting and mitigating these effects with new observations, simulations, and predictive models.
The NASA Living With a Star program aims to understand the dynamics of the Earth-Sun system. The Stanford-led SDO mission will study the Sun's magnetic fields, creating 3D images of solar magnetic regions and surface fields, to predict destructive flares and solar storms.
Researchers have determined the age of the oldest known meteorite impact on Earth, a catastrophic event that generated massive shockwaves billions of years before the dinosaur extinction. The ancient meteorite is estimated to be approximately 12 miles wide and was buried in rocks formed during the Archean eon.
The Association for Tropical Biology honors Ira Rubinoff's vision and perseverance in defining the direction of tropical biology research. His contributions include establishing Panama's Soberania National Park, Barro Colorado Nature Monument, and promoting forest conservation.
A new study suggests that cosmic rays could be the cause of global warming, proposing a height-dependent effect on cloudiness. The research proposes that increased cosmic ray intensity during periods of decreased solar wind may contribute to global cooling by stimulating the formation of dense clouds.
John Uri, a NASA scientist, has led research on the International Space Station since childhood. He oversaw 52 investigations in various scientific disciplines, including medical research and material science.
Researchers believe that lunar debris may hold fossils from Earth's early microbial life, with potential insights into the evolution of life on our planet. By studying this ancient material, scientists can gain a better understanding of the moon's role as a window into Earth's history.
The CONTOUR spacecraft, launched from Cape Canaveral, will provide the closest look yet at a comet's nucleus. It will orbit Earth until August 15 before firing its main engine and entering a comet-chasing orbit around the sun.
The discovery of a Jupiter-like planet and the smallest known planet outside the solar system offers hope for finding life beyond Earth. The newly found planet orbits 55 Cancri at nearly the same distance as Jupiter orbits our sun, making it a near analog to our own solar system.
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is now accepting nominations for the 2003 Sullivan and Perlman Awards, honoring work that enhances public understanding of Earth sciences. Eligible entries must have been published between December 16, 2001, and December 15, 2002.
The CONTOUR mission will examine the 'heart' of comets, exploring their composition and dynamics through high-resolution images and gas analysis. The four-year mission will visit two comets, Encke and Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, and potentially a new comet in the outer solar system.
Astronomers at Penn State have discovered three faint dwarf stars orbiting nearby bright stars, marking a new era in imaging faint objects. The discovery uses an infrared camera with a specially shaped pupil mask, allowing for improved contrast and revealing the dim companions.
The proposed system uses autonomous spaceships to transport crews between Earth and Mars, enabling frequent 5-month trips. The design architecture includes Astrotels and Taxis, which will facilitate sustainable Mars habitation and exploration.
A 100,000-year climate cycle linked to the sun's magnetic activity has been discovered. The study found that periods of high solar magnetic activity correlate with warmer climates and vice versa.