Articles tagged with Early Universe
Scientists using the Hubble Space Telescope have discovered a single star, nicknamed Earendel, located an astonishing 28 billion light-years away. The star is estimated to be up to 500 times more massive than our Sun and millions of times brighter.
Researchers have created the Thesan simulation, a cubic volume spanning 300 million light years across, to study cosmic reionization and galaxy formation. The simulation aligns with observations and sheds light on key processes, such as how far light can travel in the early universe.
Researchers at the Center for Astrophysics created a suite of simulations named Thesan, resolving interactions in the early universe with unprecedented detail. The simulations capture properties of early galaxies and how light impacts gas, spanning over 300 million light years across.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab propose a cosmological phase transition as the key to supermassive black hole formation in the early universe. This process, facilitated by ultralight dark matter particles, enabled efficient collapse of matter into black holes.
Physicists have narrowed the axion mass range to 40-180 micro-eV using advanced simulations and supercomputer power. This new estimate suggests that the most common type of experiment to detect axions won't be able to detect them, regardless of tuning.
A team of astronomers has discovered a massive cluster of young galaxies forming in the early universe, with many member galaxies already stopped forming stars. The newly found growing galactic metropolis is about 11.8 billion light-years away and consists of at least 38 member galaxies.
A team of astronomers discovered an unusual massive cluster of young galaxies forming in the early universe. The newly found growing galactic metropolis, MAGAZ3NE J0959, consists of at least 38 member galaxies and is about 11.8 billion light-years away from Earth.
A team of astrophysicists has discovered a new method to measure the cosmic microwave background radiation's temperature at an early epoch of the universe. By observing HFLS3, a massive starburst galaxy, they found a cold water cloud that casts a shadow on the microwave radiation, revealing the Big Bang's relic temperature.
By shaking an optical lattice potential, researchers realized a discontinuous phase transition in a strongly correlated quantum gas, opening the door to quantum simulations of false vacuum decay in the early universe. This work provides a flexible platform for exploring the role of quantum fluctuations in first-order phase transitions.
A new paper proposes a novel mechanism for detecting gravitational waves at lower energies, expanding the scope of the upcoming LiteBIRD mission. This could provide insights into the physics of the early Universe and test inflationary scenarios operating at lower energies.
Researchers have reduced background noise using new antennas in the Australian hinterland, allowing them to refine their search for a 13-billion-year-old signal known as the Epoch of Reionisation. By surveying over 80,000 radio signal sources, they produced models that significantly improved efforts to locate the elusive signal.
Astronomers have discovered two previously invisible galaxies 29 billion light-years away that were camouflaged by cosmic dust. The discovery suggests that up to one in five such distant galaxies may still be hiding behind the cosmic veil.
Researchers have detected water and carbon monoxide molecules in the largest galaxy in the early Universe, located nearly 13 billion light-years from Earth. This finding provides insight into the formation of life-creating elements in the earliest galaxies.
The 2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics presents cutting-edge research on nuclear astrophysics, quantum technology, and rare isotopes. Researchers will discuss breakthroughs such as the most precise measurement of neutron lifetime and novel experiments measuring neutron skin in calcium.
A team of astronomers has observed six massive galaxies in the early universe that have mysteriously stopped forming stars due to depleted gas reserves. The discovery was made possible by the Hubble Space Telescope's high resolution and gravitational lensing, allowing researchers to study these galaxies in unprecedented detail.
The Hubble Space Telescope and ALMA have discovered six early, massive galaxies that have run out of hydrogen gas to form stars. These 'dead' galaxies, which appeared in the universe just 20% of its current age, were found using strong gravitational lensing, a technique that amplifies light from distant objects.
Researchers used ALMA to observe distant galaxies and discovered two new, dusty galaxies near original targets, challenging our understanding of early galaxy formation. The discovery suggests that a significant portion of early galaxies may be hidden from view due to cosmic dust.
Researchers have discovered six early massive galaxies that have run out of fuel, contradicting expectations of the early Universe. The galaxies' cessation of star formation was not caused by inefficiency, but rather depletion or removal of gas reservoirs.
Researchers have discovered a new technique to locate the diffusion wake's signal in the quark-gluon plasma, a subatomic soup that flowed like a friction-free fluid after the Big Bang. This breakthrough may help scientists understand how matter emerged from this perfect fluid.
Physicist Eve Armstrong aims to understand the origins of elements heavier than iron using weather prediction technique data assimilation. With a two-year NSF EAGER grant, she and her team will predict whether supernova stardust gave rise to these heavy elements.
A team of researchers has proposed a new explanation for the origin of supermassive black holes, suggesting that they are formed through the collapse of a massive seed black hole produced by the gravitational instability of a dark matter halo. This process, known as gravothermal collapse, can lead to the creation of a seed black hole w...
Astronomers used ALMA to discover a rotating baby galaxy, providing insights into the early Universe. The galaxy, RXCJ0600-z6, is about 1/100th the size of the Milky Way and has a mass of 2-3 billion times that of our Sun.
Scientists from the NANOGrav Collaboration detected very low-frequency gravitational waves with potential implications for dark matter research. The signals are consistent with phase transitions in the early universe and extremely light axion-like particles, considered promising candidates for dark matter.
A new theoretical study suggests that supermassive black holes could form directly from dark matter in high-density regions, contradicting current understanding of their formation. This proposal has key implications for cosmology and the early Universe, potentially explaining how supermassive black holes grew so quickly.
Researchers have developed a new instrument that can analyze the chemical signatures of distant quasars, providing insight into the origins of metals like iron. By studying these ancient galactic cores, scientists hope to refine their understanding of the early universe and its role in forming the elements necessary for life.
Astronomers using ALMA have discovered the most distant Milky Way look-alike galaxy, SPT0418-47, which is surprisingly unchaotic and appears as a ring of light in the sky. The discovery challenges our understanding of how galaxies form and gives new insights into the past of the Universe.
A new study using loop quantum cosmology accounts for two major mysteries of the universe's largest scales. The research resolves two anomalies that have puzzled scientists for years, providing a closer look at the early universe and its primordial features.
Researchers propose a kinetic misalignment scenario that strengthens the axion/dark matter equivalence. This novel concept answers key questions and provides new avenues for detection efforts.
Researchers analyzed over 200,000 spiral galaxies, finding a pattern of asymmetry in their spin directions that suggests the early universe may have been spinning. The study also reveals complex cosmological multipoles, which indicate a non-symmetric structure to the universe.
Physicists use two types of measurements to calculate the universe's expansion rate, but their results don't coincide. The Hubble constant value differs by 7% between late and early Universe measurements.
Astronomers have found a massive monster galaxy in the early universe, hidden in dust, which has never been seen before. The discovery provides new insights into the first growing steps of some of the biggest galaxies in the universe.
New research reveals a novel explanation for the origin of cosmic magnetic fields, potentially solving a long-standing puzzle. The study suggests that strong primordial electric fields can be responsible for generating magnetic fields after inflation.
Researchers simulated galaxy formation in a 'fuzzy' universe, where dark matter is ultralight and quantum-waves-like. The simulation suggests galaxies would form in extended filaments with striated patterns, potentially illuminating the type of dark matter present today.
Researchers at Western University found evidence for direct formation of massive black holes without stellar remnants. The new model explains observed distribution of supermassive black hole masses and luminosities, providing an explanation for their presence at an early stage in the universe.
A team of astronomers has discovered 83 quasars powered by supermassive black holes in the early Universe, increasing the number of known black holes at that epoch. The survey reveals the average spacing between supermassive black holes is a billion light-years, providing insights into their origin.
Researchers analyzed particle flow from tiny projectiles colliding with gold nuclei at nearly the speed of light. The data show strong correlations between initial geometry and final flow patterns, supporting the quark-gluon plasma hypothesis.
Scientists created ultra-hot quark gluon plasma, a liquid-like state of matter thought to have filled the early universe. They discovered three distinct geometric patterns: circles, ellipses, and triangles.
An international team of astronomers has discovered a massive galaxy proto-supercluster, Hyperion, in the early universe, just two billion years after the Big Bang. The supercluster has a complex structure with at least seven high-density regions connected by filaments of galaxies.
A team of scientists has detected a faint glow in the Lyman-alpha line across the entire sky, revealing extensive masses of gas around primitive galaxies. This discovery connects previously detected gas feeding galaxies with newly observed Lyman-alpha emission, providing new insights into the universe's infancy.
For the first time, researchers have observed a powerful 'galactic wind' of molecules in a galaxy 12 billion light-years away, providing insights into how early galaxies regulated their growth. The wind was detected in a galaxy called SPT2319-55, which is more than 1 billion years old.
Researchers have identified nearly 200 regions of galaxies gathering together to form protoclusters in the early Universe 12 billion years ago. The discovery challenges the long-held assumption that quasars are created by galaxy mergers, suggesting alternative mechanisms for quasar activity.
Astronomer Jeyhan Kartaltepe is leading a team that will use the James Webb Space Telescope to study the formation of the universe's first galaxies. The Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey will provide detailed information about galaxy structures and physical conditions.
Researchers propose using gravitational wave experiments to detect merger events at redshifts greater than 40, which could indicate the presence of primordial black holes or non-Gaussianity in the early universe. A detection would bolster theories about dark matter, while a non-detection would cast doubt.
A newly discovered dwarf galaxy in the constellation Lynx has extremely low oxygen levels, likely resembling early nascent galaxies. The finding suggests that these tiny star-forming galaxies can offer valuable insights into how the first galaxies formed 13 billion years ago.
Researchers used Subaru Telescope to create extensive map of neutral hydrogen gas in ancient proto-supercluster. The study revealed the region is rich in gas, which is a major building block of galaxies. Gas distribution does not align perfectly with galaxies' distribution within the proto-supercluster.
A new simulation model describes the formation of supermassive black holes in the early universe, proposing that massive gas clouds collapse directly to seed these behemoths. This alternative model, known as the Direct collapse black hole model, suggests that inefficient gas cooling is necessary for this process.
The discovery of over 60 extremely distant quasars nearly doubles the known number, offering a unique window into the early universe. Studying these 'lighthouses' of the cosmos will help understand how galaxies developed and interacted with supermassive black holes.
A team of astronomers led by Penn State's Niel Brandt has captured the deepest X-ray image ever obtained, revealing a treasure trove of supermassive black holes. The image, taken with Chandra observing time of about 11 weeks, shows that these massive objects grow in bursts rather than slowly accumulating matter.
Researchers have predicted a testable figure for the spectral index, which could confirm their theory that the speed of light was variable in the early universe. The team's model suggests a value of 0.96478, close to current estimates, and could lead to modifications of Einstein's theory of gravity.
Numerical simulations using BURST code reveal insights into the role of neutrinos, nuclei, and other particles in shaping the early universe. The research aims to investigate existing puzzles of cosmology, including dark matter and dark radiation.
The BURST code simulates conditions during the first few minutes of cosmological evolution to model the role of neutrinos, nuclei and other particles in shaping the early universe. This allows physicists to investigate existing puzzles of cosmology, including the nature and origin of visible matter and dark matter.
Astronomers discovered the faintest object ever seen in the early universe, dubbed Tayna, with NASA's Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes. This small, dim galaxy is thought to be a key to understanding the formation and evolution of the first galaxies.
The CMS collaboration at CERN has reported the first particle collisions from the Large Hadron Collider's second run, producing an average of 22 charged particles per collision. The results provide a precise picture of a typical proton collision, which will help scientists sift through background events to detect rare particles.
A new simulation by Carnegie Mellon University researchers suggests that large disk galaxies, like the Milky Way, might have formed in the early universe. The BlueTides simulation, which is 100 times larger than previous simulations, shows a number of disk galaxies existing at 500 million years post-Big Bang, challenging long-held theo...
Astronomers have found a super-sized black hole in the early universe that grew faster than its host galaxy, challenging previous observations. The massive black hole, measuring 7 billion solar masses, is located in galaxy CID-947 and has a mass similar to that of a typical galaxy.
Researchers at Yale University and the University of California-Santa Cruz have detected an exceptionally luminous galaxy more than 13 billion years in the past, EGS-zs8-1. The galaxy is one of the brightest and most massive objects in the early universe, with a mass equivalent to over 15% of our Milky Way.
Researchers used ESA's Herschel and Planck space observatories to identify objects in the distant Universe that could be precursors of today's galaxy clusters. These early galaxies were found to be forming stars at an extremely high rate, with some converting gas and dust into stars at a rate 1,500 times faster than our own Milky Way.
Researchers have discovered the brightest quasar in the early universe, powered by a massive 12 billion solar mass black hole. The quasar's luminosity is equivalent to 420 trillion suns and is seven times brighter than the most distant known quasar.
Astronomers have found a super-bright quasar powered by the most massive black hole ever observed for an object from that time, located at a distance of 12.8 billion light years away. The quasar is 7 times brighter than the most distant known quasar and has a luminosity of 420 trillion solar units.
Scientists have observed a gamma-ray burst from a huge explosion that occurred shortly after the Big Bang, with light traveling 12.1 billion years before detection. The event, known as GRB 140419A, released more energy in 10 seconds than our sun's expected lifespan.