Articles tagged with Galaxy Formation
The NASA Hubble Fellowship Program has awarded fellowships to 24 postdoctoral scientists to pursue independent research in astrophysics. The selected researchers will focus on three broad scientific questions: How does the universe work?, How did we get here?, and Are we alone?
Researchers have made groundbreaking discoveries about the formation of galaxies and stars using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. By analyzing microwave observations, they found that only a small percentage of gas in galaxies (about 10%) is turned into stars, shedding light on why galaxy formation remains inefficient.
A new study led by IAC researchers using the OSIRIS instrument on GRANTECAN has discovered the most densely populated galaxy cluster in formation in the primitive universe. The cluster, located 12.5 billion light years from us, is made up of galaxies with normal star formation rates and is predicted to evolve into a Virgo-like cluster.
Researchers developed COSMIC BIRTH to analyse large-scale cosmic structures, expressing observations as if detected in the early universe. The algorithm uses sampling techniques to deal with high-dimensional spaces, enabling the study of galaxy clusters and their formation.
Research reveals that galaxies with larger, 'puffy' disks continue to form stars over a longer period after cosmic noon. This is due to the cooler gas and lower influence of black holes, allowing for continued star formation. By studying galaxy disk size, astronomers can now accurately predict when star formation will cease.
A new study by Durham University and colleagues suggests that galaxy mergers could shut down star formation in the early universe, affecting galaxy growth. The researchers observed a massive galaxy, ID2299, which ejected half of its gas into the intergalactic medium due to the merger.
Researchers have discovered a massive globular cluster in the Andromeda Galaxy with an unusually low metallicity, challenging current theories on GC formation. The cluster's metallicity is nearly three times lower than previously known limits, suggesting that massive clusters could form from pristine gas in the early Universe.
Astronomers find galaxy Dragonfly 44 has normal amount of dark matter, contrary to earlier claims. The team discovered only 20 globular clusters, reducing the amount of dark matter, and confirming that the galaxy is not unique or anomalous.
Astronomers used machine learning to discover a rare galaxy with an oxygen abundance of 1.6% solar levels, setting a new record. The galaxy is thought to be in its early stages of formation, contradicting standard cosmology predictions.
Astronomers have created the most detailed evolutionary history of the Milky Way up to now, combining apparent luminosity with measured distance and accurate star models. The study reveals well-defined periods of great activity in star formation, including dramatic episodes that stimulated new star creation.
Astronomers used ALMA to discover a massive rotating disk galaxy, DLA0817g, which challenges traditional models of galaxy formation. The galaxy formed primarily through the steady accretion of cold gas, indicating alternative growth processes dominated over violent mergers.
A new cosmological simulation, TNG50, has revealed that the geometry of cosmic gas flows determines galaxies' structures. The study finds that galaxies form into disc-like shapes with rapid rotation, eventually becoming spiral galaxies through a process known as galactic fountains.
A team of scientists discovered that massive galaxy filaments fuel the formation of stars and supermassive black holes, contradicting a long-held bottom-up model of galaxy formation. The study, published in Science, provides new insights into the early universe and the role of gas filaments in shaping its structure.
A University of Arizona-led team used supercomputer simulations to generate millions of virtual universes, challenging fundamental ideas about galaxy formation and the role of dark matter. The findings suggest galaxies formed stars more efficiently in the early universe than previously thought.
Researchers using the radio telescope ALMA have detected a galaxy in the early Universe 13 billion years ago, which is actually two galaxies merging together. The team observed signals of oxygen, carbon, and dust from the galaxy B14-65666, providing the earliest evidence of merging galaxies yet discovered.
Two giant galaxy clusters are caught in the act of colliding for the first time, providing valuable insights into the formation of large-scale structures. The clusters' merger shock wave is expected to have a significant impact on the evolution of galaxy clusters and cosmic structure.
A nearby galaxy, NGC 4485, is experiencing a surge in star birth due to its gravitational interaction with NGC 4490. The collision triggered the creation of young blue stars and nebulae on the right side of the galaxy.
A team of scientists discovered a star with unusually low magnesium and excessive heavy elements, indicating it originated from a disrupted dwarf galaxy. The study provides insight into the chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies and their role in shaping the Milky Way.
Rochester Institute of Technology professor Michael Zemcov is contributing to NASA's SPHEREx mission, which will map galaxies across the universe to study inflation and galaxy formation. The mission aims to answer questions about the origin and evolution of key biogenic molecules like water and carbon monoxide.
Researchers detected just two galaxies near M94, with few stars each, contradicting predictions of galaxy formation models. The study suggests that Milky Way-like galaxies host a wider diversity of satellite populations than previously thought.
Researchers found a shared origin in one large merger for most halo stars, indicating the Milky Way formed from a massive collision. The young stars from Gaia-Enceladus are younger than native Milky Way stars in the thick disk region.
Scientists discover faintest satellite galaxies orbiting Milky Way are among the first galaxies to form, dating back over 13 billion years. The findings support the current model for the evolution of the universe, providing insight into the early stages of galaxy formation.
Researchers used the Keck Cosmic Web Imager to examine Q2343-BX418, a young galaxy about 10 billion light years away, providing insights into its gas halo and its role in star formation. The study suggests that the galaxy's surrounding gas is giving off a specific type of light, offering clues to its evolution.
Researchers found relics of merger events in the Milky Way halo using Gaia Data Release 2. Five small clusters and a large 'blob' of stars indicate massive and smaller merger events shaped the galaxy. This study provides insights into the Milky Way's evolution, with further analysis to reveal more about its formation.
Reconstructing the 3D structure of an interstellar cloud is critical for understanding the processes occurring within it. The authors successfully modelled the cloud's density using fast magnetosonic waves, showing that Musca is a vast sheet-like structure, not a long filament.
Researchers used a deep learning algorithm to classify real galaxies in Hubble images, achieving remarkable consistency in its classifications. The study found that the algorithm identified a specific mass range for the 'blue nugget' phase of galaxy evolution, which is followed by quenching of star formation in the central region.
Researchers from multiple institutions developed the largest-ever hydrological simulation of galaxy formation, expanding on their 2015 'Illustris' simulation. The new model includes a more precise accounting for magnetic fields and improves understanding of black hole physics, shedding light on star formation limits.
An international team of researchers has confirmed that supermassive black holes in the centers of massive galaxies play a key role in regulating star formation. The study found that galaxies with more massive black holes form stars at a faster rate initially, but then experience slower star formation rates over time.
A new universe simulation model, IllustrisTNG, provides fresh insights into how black holes influence dark matter distribution, heavy element production, and magnetic field origins. The simulation reveals a high degree of realism in predicting galaxy clustering patterns and the influence of supermassive black holes on the cosmos.
The IllustrisTNG project simulates the universe's large-scale structure, gaining insights into how supermassive black holes shape galaxies. The simulations predict a key transformation in galaxy life cycles, with black holes extinguishing star formation.
A new theory from Northwestern University predicts that molecules are not survivors but brand-new molecules formed in the winds with unique properties. These new molecules can thrive in the hostile environment of black hole winds.
Emission line galaxies, or cosmic lanterns, help us understand the composition and fate of the Universe. These galaxies show strong emission lines from heated gas, allowing precise distance determination and insight into galaxy formation and evolution.
Researchers studied nuclear obscuration in AGN using infrared and X-ray studies, revealing complex gas and dusty clouds orbiting the black hole. The material is connected to the galaxy via outflows and inflows of gas, regulating star formation.
A team of astronomers observed distant galaxies 11 billion light-years away and found that active star formation can upswell galaxies, changing their shape. This suggests that galaxies can form new shapes without colliding with other galaxies.
Neal Katz, a theoretical astronomer at UMass Amherst, has received a Fulbright Scholarship to study and teach galaxy formation in collaboration with colleagues in South Africa. He will use computer simulations to advance understanding of galaxy formation and analyze data from the MeerKAT radio telescope.
A NASA team led by Manuel Quijada is investigating techniques for creating highly reflective aluminum mirrors sensitive to the infrared, optical, and far-ultraviolet wavelength bands. They aim to develop a coating that improves reflectance in the far ultraviolet while allowing observations in other wavelength bands.
Astronomers study starburst galaxies to understand their evolution. Hubble's observations of NGC 4536 reveal high rates of star formation driven by gas supply, which fuels the creation of colorful ionized hydrogen clouds.
Claude-André Faucher-Giguère, a Northwestern University astrophysicist, has received a Faculty Early Career Development Program award from the National Science Foundation. The $794,304 grant will support improved galaxy formation simulations and interactive visualizations for public outreach.
Astronomers have developed a way to detect the ultraviolet (UV) background of the Universe, which could help explain why there are so few small galaxies in the cosmos. The UV radiation strips smaller galaxies of the gas needed to form stars, effectively stunting their growth.
A team of astronomers found that distant galaxies were dominated by normal matter, with dark matter playing a smaller role. The study used the KMOS and SINFONI instruments to measure galaxy rotation velocities and created an average rotation curve, which also showed a decreasing velocity trend away from the centers of the galaxies.
A team of astronomers has discovered extended stellar envelopes in individual massive elliptical galaxies at half the age of the Universe. The study, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, used the Hubble Ultra Deep Field to characterize galactic haloes and reveal the process behind dramatic galaxy growth.
Astronomers have found an extremely faint dwarf satellite galaxy, Virgo I, located 280,000 light years from the Sun. The discovery suggests hundreds of yet-undetected dwarf satellites in the halo of the Milky Way.
A team of astronomers led by Grant Wilson at UMass Amherst is building a state-of-the-art imaging system called TolTEC to study the heavens. The new camera will be part of the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) and offer improved sensitivity and speed, enabling groundbreaking surveys in star formation and galaxy evolution.
A new study reveals that young, hot stars ionize oxygen in the early universe, affecting galaxy evolution. The strength of doubly ionized oxygen increases with time, while singly ionized oxygen decreases after 11 billion years.
A study of around 70,000 galaxies reveals that external mechanisms, such as infalling galaxy drag and gas stripping, are only relevant to quenching galaxies during the last eight billion years. Internal mechanisms, including black holes and stellar outflows, dominate star formation shutdown before this time.
The Ultra-Deep Survey (UDS) has mapped an area four times the size of the full Moon to unprecedented depth, revealing over 250,000 galaxies detected within the first billion years after the Big Bang. Astronomers will study early stages of galaxy formation and evolution using these images.
A new phenomenon dubbed 'red geysers' has been identified in galaxies, which host low-energy supermassive black holes driving intense interstellar winds. These winds prevent gas from cooling and condensing into stars, maintaining quiescence in galaxies.
A team of researchers discovered 80 young galaxies in the early universe, with at least 54 being spatially resolved. Computer simulations confirmed that many of these galaxies are actually merging pairs, triggering intense star formation activity. This study sheds light on the formation and evolution of compact galaxies.
A study published in Physical Review Letters shows that a galaxy cluster's formation history plays a role in its interaction with the surrounding dark matter halo. The researchers found that clusters formed from more dispersed galaxies were clumpier and interacted differently with their environment.
Researchers developed a machine-learning simulation system to create accurate galaxy models, reducing computational time. The method uses algorithms to approximate properties from rare simulations, producing nearly identical galaxy distributions.
Researchers discovered massive dead galaxies with stellar content similar to local elliptical galaxies, revealing the formation and evolution of massive galaxies. The team found progenitors of these dead galaxies when they were forming stars at an earlier cosmic epoch, uncovering a consistent picture of galaxy history.
A team of astronomers discovered 48 Dust Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) using the Hyper Suprime-Cam instrument on the Subaru Telescope. These rare galaxies are thought to harbor rapidly growing black holes, providing insights into the co-evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes.
A team of Caltech astronomers has discovered a giant swirling disk of gas 10 billion light-years away, which is actively being fed cool primordial gas tracing back to the Big Bang. The finding provides the strongest observational support yet for the cold-flow model of galaxy formation.
Researchers found nearly 200 compact elliptical galaxies, including 11 isolated ones, which were formed when a massive galaxy stripped away the core of a smaller one. These galaxies can escape their host clusters due to gravitational perturbations, helping them survive for about a billion years.
A team of astronomers developed a simulation that produces galaxies with characteristics similar to observed ones, including mass, size, and age. The strong galactic winds in the EAGLE-simulation lead to lighter and younger galaxies with less star formation, mirroring real galaxy observations.
Researchers propose that filaments in the cosmic web played a critical role in the evolution of galaxies in the distant universe. Galaxies residing in these filaments have a higher chance of actively forming stars, with a process known as 'pre-processing' accelerating their evolution.
A team of researchers, led by Tom Broadhurst, has reinterpreted cold dark matter as a Bose-Einstein condensate, proposing that it governs the formation of the universe's structure. The theory predicts galaxies formed relatively late and could explain puzzling cores in dwarf galaxies.
Researchers suggest that dark matter particles scattering with photons and neutrinos could explain the lack of small galaxies around the Milky Way. By tuning this interaction, scientists can learn more about dark matter's physics and its effects on galaxy formation.
Case Western Reserve University astronomers will study the outskirts of spiral galaxy M101 using Hubble Space Telescope data. The research aims to determine how galaxies form over time, with findings that could challenge current understanding of galaxy formation.
Astronomers at Yale University have discovered seven previously unseen dwarf galaxies using a novel telescope that can detect low-surface-brightness objects. The finding suggests the possibility of a new class of galaxies in space, with potential implications for dark matter and galaxy evolution.