Articles tagged with Universe
Researchers used cosmic microwave background data to map location and density of missing baryons around galaxy groups. The measurements reveal that these halos extend up to 6 million light-years from their center, challenging previous models.
Researchers have captured the time history of magnetic field growth in a lab setting using laser-driven experiments. The findings suggest that turbulent dynamo mechanism amplifies magnetic fields rapidly, exceeding theoretical expectations and potentially explaining the origin of large-scale fields in galaxy clusters.
Dr. Christopher Tunnell, a computational astroparticle physicist at Rice University, has been awarded a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award to further his research on dark matter and other phenomena. The award will support a combined physics and computer science effort to detect rare particles and understand the universe.
Researchers observed several thousand protons in an experiment, but did not detect the tell-tale signs of color transparency. This suggests that the proton is more complicated than expected, with its predicted behavior occurring at higher energies than initially thought.
Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole, challenging how astronomers thought they formed. The black hole is more than 20 times the mass of our Sun, with its spin approaching the speed of light.
A team of researchers used stellar kinematics to study dark matter in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, revealing a dense core and limited scattering. This challenges existing theories on self-interacting dark matter, suggesting that supernova explosions may be responsible for less dense distributions.
Scientists have challenged our current understanding of how galaxies form by unveiling pictures of a young galaxy with an unexpected appearance. ALESS 073.1 appears to have features expected of a mature galaxy, leading the team to question how it grew so fast.
Scientists have successfully demonstrated a quantum advantage by performing a verification task in seconds using a quantum machine, whereas the same task would take centuries for a conventional computer. The experiment used a complex algorithm and simple experimental photonics system, showcasing the potential of quantum computing.
A student astronomer has developed a method to track down the Milky Way's missing matter using distant galaxies as 'locator pins'. The technique detects radio sources that have passed through a cold clump of gas, revealing a massive, invisible cloud about 10 light years from Earth.
Research reveals that galaxies with larger, 'puffy' disks continue to form stars over a longer period after cosmic noon. This is due to the cooler gas and lower influence of black holes, allowing for continued star formation. By studying galaxy disk size, astronomers can now accurately predict when star formation will cease.
Astrophysicists at MIT have discovered an extended dark matter halo around Tucana II, a primitive ultrafaint dwarf galaxy. The halo is estimated to be three to five times more massive than previously thought, implying that the first galaxies in the universe were likely larger and more massive.
Researchers observed complex magnetic field behavior in a 'radio-loud' magnetar, deviating from previous theories. The findings suggest that the radio pulses originate from loops of magnetic field lines connecting two closely spaced poles.
Researchers at the University of Sussex calculated a tighter mass range for Dark Matter particles, showing it cannot be 'ultra-light' or 'super-heavy', unless an unknown force also acts upon it. The new range is between 10^-3 eV and 107 eV, significantly narrowing the previously theorized spectrum.
The Last Journey simulation, performed on Argonne's supercomputer Mira, studied the distribution of mass across the universe over time. The team used a workflow combining HACC and CosmoTools to analyze and record relevant information during the simulation.
A giant 2D map of the universe, released by the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS), will aid the upcoming DESI project's spectroscopic survey. The map covers half of the sky, spanning over 10 trillion pixels and containing about two billion objects.
Scientists discovered a rare magnetar in the Sculptor constellation as the source of giant gamma-ray burst GRB 200415A. The burst was powerful enough to disrupt mobile phone reception and shed light on the universe's early history.
Researchers simulate turbulence on both sides of sonic scale using LRZ HPC resources, capturing large-scale phenomena and advancing star formation models. The team's largest-ever simulation resolves the sonic scale for the first time, improving predictions of star formation rates and molecular cloud behavior.
A team from University of Bonn observed a 50 million light year long gas filament, confirming the structure predicted by computer simulations. The findings suggest that more than half of matter in the universe is hidden in filaments.
A new study using multi-messenger astronomy has estimated the radius of a typical neutron star to be around 11.75 kilometers and provided a novel calculation of the Hubble constant, which indicates the rate of universe expansion. The researchers' analysis combined gravitational-wave signals and electromagnetic emissions from neutron st...
Researchers at MIT have designed an atomic clock that measures the vibrations of entangled atoms, achieving four times faster precision than current state-of-the-art clocks. This breakthrough enables scientists to detect phenomena like dark matter and gravitational waves, while also shedding light on gravity's impact on time.
A novel multiple-cell cavity design, dubbed 'pizza cavity,' has been developed to address the challenges of searching for axion dark matter in high-frequency regions. The new design improves detection efficiency and allows for faster scanning of frequency ranges compared to conventional methods.
Researchers have overcome a major limitation of stratospheric balloon payloads by creating an ultralight dewar that can cool large telescopes to near absolute zero. The breakthrough enables scientists to explore the cold universe and see faint signals from distant galaxies.
Scientists have confirmed that magnetars, extreme stars with strong magnetic fields, generate fast radio bursts (FRBs). The discoveries were made using four European radio telescopes and provide new insights into the origins of FRBs. The research aims to pin down how these extreme stars create brief blasts of radiation.
Researchers have made breakthrough discoveries about fast radio bursts (FRBs), a mysterious phenomenon. The studies reveal that magnetars, incredibly dense neutron stars, can produce FRBs through magnetic field dissipation. These findings narrow down the understanding of FRB mechanisms, offering new insights into this enigmatic field.
A team of researchers used the FAST telescope to detect over 15 fast radio bursts, revealing a galaxy 3 billion light years away as the source. The bursts' polarization signals showed diverse swings, indicating production in compact star magnetospheres and disfavoring shock models.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have developed a self-calibration method to remove contamination from gravitational lensing signals, allowing for more accurate measurements of key cosmological parameters. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding dark energy and the structure of the universe.
Researchers at NIST have proposed a novel method to find dark matter by detecting its gravitational interaction with visible matter. A billion millimeter-sized pendulums would act as sensors, sensitive to particles ranging from 1/5,000 of a milligram to a few milligrams, covering the so-called Planck mass.
Researchers reconstruct when most stars formed in the Universe, agreeing with telescope observations for the first time. They use a new algorithm to model energy and wavelengths of light coming from 7000 nearby galaxies.
Hubble observed SN 2018gv in February 2018 to precisely measure the universe's expansion rate. The supernova serves as a 'milepost marker' to calculate galaxy distances and fundamental values needed for measuring space expansion.
A team led by UC Riverside scientists determines that matter makes up 31% of the total amount of matter and energy in the universe. The researchers used a novel method to measure the mass of galaxy clusters, finding a best combined value of 31.5±1.3%.
The universe's homogeneity is explained by Einstein's gravity theory, which shows that cosmological gravitational waves decay over time. This finding suggests that Einstein's theory can fully explain the universe's state without the need for inflation.
A young University of Queensland undergraduate student has developed a mathematical model that suggests paradox-free time travel is theoretically possible. The research reconciles traditional dynamics and Einstein's Theory of Relativity, potentially resolving long-standing puzzles in physics.
A new analysis of galaxy evolution finds that neutron star collisions do not create the quantity of chemical elements previously assumed. Instead, an entirely different sort of stellar phenomenon - unusual supernovae with strong magnetic fields - is responsible for making most of the heavy elements, including gold.
Researchers discover novel microfluidic reactor setup that mimics ancient underwater hydrothermal vents, allowing them to produce formic acid from CO2. The findings have implications for the search for extraterrestrial life and green chemistry applications.
Researchers suggest a novel process to explain the collision of a large black hole and a much smaller one, proposing that the more massive black hole was a product of a prior merger. This 'hierarchical' merging could generate a merger with a high mass ratio and spin.
A recent study published in Nature has zoomed in on dark matter haloes of varying masses, revealing a surprising similarity in their internal structure. The research team used supercomputers to simulate the evolution of the universe and found that even small haloes have dense centers and spread-out outer regions.
The study found that small dark matter haloes have a similar internal structure to larger ones, with smaller clumps orbiting in their outer regions. This could help identify these small objects individually or collectively through future gamma-ray observatories.
Researchers have inferred a tiny neutron star deformation, equivalent to a few micrometres, at a distance of 4500 light-years using the spin-down rate of a millisecond pulsar. This is the first direct detection of continuous gravitational waves from a deformed neutron star.
Researchers have found that dormant small galaxies can slowly accumulate gas over billions of years, allowing for the formation of new stars. The study's findings shed light on the mysterious process of star formation in dwarf galaxies, providing insights into astrophysical processes.
Astronomers used machine learning to discover a rare galaxy with an oxygen abundance of 1.6% solar levels, setting a new record. The galaxy is thought to be in its early stages of formation, contradicting standard cosmology predictions.
A Northwestern University-led team discovered the most distant short gamma ray burst (SGRB) with its afterglow measured, located 10 billion light-years away and 3.8 billion years after the Big Bang. The study reveals that neutron stars in a 'teenage' universe may have merged relatively quickly.
The Gemini Observatory has detected a distant short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) with an optical afterglow, providing new insights into the merger of two neutron stars. The observation, made just hours after the burst's detection, revealed the SGRB's distance and placed it in the epoch of cosmic high noon.
Researchers have discovered an unusual pulsar in a binary system with two neutron stars of different masses, which could provide vital clues about unsolved mysteries in astrophysics. The discovery, published in Nature, sheds light on the expansion rate of the Universe and the nature of exotic matter that makes up neutron star interiors.
Physicist Hai-Bo Yu at UC Riverside has been awarded a three-year grant to study Self-Interacting Dark Matter, a new theory that posits dark matter particles have strong self-interactions. The project aims to improve our understanding of dark matter and its role in galaxy distributions.
The Hubble Space Telescope captured an image of a young star surrounded by a disk that casts a huge, 200-light-year-long shadow. The shadow's movement was initially thought to be caused by planet warping the disk, but further observation revealed it was actually flapping like wings.
Researchers at Caltech propose a new approach to detecting dark matter using lighter-weight particles that can interact with magnons, excited electron spins. They suggest cooling equipment and moving it underground to detect these interactions.
A new study using international radio telescope data reveals galaxies are nearer than predicted, exacerbating a discrepancy in the Hubble Constant measurement. This finding bolsters the need to revise the standard cosmological model of the Universe.
A study led by Arizona State University researchers found that classical novae are galactic producers of lithium. The team used simulations, observations, and laboratory studies to determine the role of these stellar explosions.
Researchers have successfully recreated the process of creating matter from light using high-power lasers. The new method produces electron-positron pairs, mimicking conditions during the first minutes of the universe and providing an improved model for studying antimatter.
Researchers have found all of the missing 'normal' matter in the vast space between stars and galaxies, using fast radio bursts. The phenomenon allowed them to directly detect the missing matter, which is equivalent to only one or two atoms in a room the size of an average office.
The HHU physicists conducted a precision experiment to measure the electrical force between protons and deuterons using HD+ ions. They found no evidence of an interaction with dark matter, pushing down the upper limit of such interactions more than 20-fold.
Physicists led by Rene Bellwied aim to understand the role of 'dark' matter in the universe's evolution. The team will analyze data from international experiments STAR and ALICE to study the transition from quark-gluon plasma to existing particles.
Scientists from UNSW Sydney report new measurements of light emitted from a quasar 13 billion light years away, reaffirming past studies on tiny variations in the fine structure constant. The findings suggest that one of nature's laws may not be constant, challenging the Grand Unifying Theory.
A recent study used a 10-year galaxy survey to test one of cosmology's pillars and provided a new approach to understanding the universe's growth. The research team demonstrated that denser clumps grew faster, while less-dense clumps grew more slowly.
The Hubble Space Telescope has unveiled a breathtaking portrait of a firestorm of starbirth in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. This iconic image, nicknamed the 'Cosmic Reef,' showcases the telescope's enduring legacy and transformative impact on modern astronomy.
Researchers discovered the minimal value of viscosity, governed by the Planck constant and proton-to-electron mass ratio, using an equation that relates it to these physical constants. This finding has practical implications for developing new fluids with low viscosity.
Research by University of Sheffield physicists indicates a difference in neutrino and antineutrino behavior, which could help explain the universe's matter-matter asymmetry. The T2K experiment strengthens previous observations and paves the way for future discoveries.
Researchers have found that neutrinos and antineutrinos behave differently, providing a possible explanation for the universe's dominant matter content. The T2K experiment detected subtle discrepancies in their oscillation rates, shedding light on physics' deepest mysteries.
The T2K experiment has shown that neutrinos oscillate more often than antineutrinos, pointing to almost maximum asymmetry between their behaviors. This finding offers a promising explanation for the disappearance of antimatter in the universe and may be confirmed by future experiments.
A new study by the T2K Collaboration confirms that neutrinos and antineutrinos behave differently, which could explain why matter persists over antimatter in the universe. This result brings scientists closer to answering the fundamental question of why the universe is dominated by matter.