Articles tagged with Astronauts
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Richard Garriott will use special software 'Windows on Earth' to identify targets for scientific research and educational exploration during his trip to the International Space Station. The software, developed by TERC and the Association of Space Explorers, simulates a realistic view of the Earth from space.
Researchers have developed a computer program that will help astronauts manage psychosocial challenges, including depression and interpersonal conflicts. The Virtual Space Station is being tested with veteran astronauts, providing private access to treatments even when they're far from Earth.
A study from Georgetown University Medical Center suggests that high-energy space radiation can lead to premature aging and prolonged oxidative stress in cells, potentially causing colon cancer. The researchers found that exposure to high-LET radiation induced a highly oxidative environment in cells, conducive to cancer development.
Columbus, a state-of-the-art European research facility, has been successfully deployed to the International Space Station (ISS) via NASA's Space Shuttle Atlantis. The laboratory will enable astronauts to conduct extensive scientific experiments in various fields, including life sciences and space science.
The Hubble servicing mission, scheduled for August 2008, aims to equip the telescope with new instruments, including the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Wide Field Camera 3. These upgrades will enhance Hubble's capabilities to explore the universe, studying dark matter, dark energy, and planetary atmospheres.
New research reveals that certain areas of the moon are protected by the magnetosphere, reducing radiation exposure for astronauts. The study also highlights the need to consider energetic oxygen particles generated during solar storms.
Researchers found that a special type of stem cell in the brain is selectively killed by space radiation, raising concerns about cognitive and emotional risks. The study's findings suggest that shielding or medications may be necessary to protect astronauts from health risks caused by space radiation.
Human factors researchers developed a software system that dramatically improves astronauts' ability to perform remote tasks under adverse conditions on the International Space Station. The system uses augmented reality techniques to guide operators during robotic installation tasks, resulting in improved accuracy and efficiency.
Researchers developed a self-test tool using data from an undersea mission to assess stress, fatigue and cognitive fitness in astronauts. The test involves a vigilance task and cortisol measurements to evaluate the effects of prolonged space missions on mental performance.
The BioSuit is a lightweight, skintight suit designed to allow superior mobility when humans reach Mars or return to the moon. It uses mechanical counter-pressure and stretches with the body, allowing freedom of movement.
NASA is exploring the possibility of adding a lightweight grapple fixture to the James Webb Space Telescope to enable safe emergency servicing operations in space. The feasibility study aims to determine if the feature will be added to the telescope before its planned launch in 2013.
Researchers are investigating the causes of bone loss in astronauts due to prolonged weightlessness. The study focuses on the role of integrins, which may be key to decreasing bone cell production and preventing fractures.
A University of Houston student is working on a space suit redesign that prioritizes stability and locomotion for astronauts. Her research focuses on reducing the weight and improving the mobility of the space suit, which will enable astronauts to navigate the lunar terrain more easily.
A new National Research Council report emphasizes the physical risks of extended space journeys due to space radiation. The report recommends developing storm shelters to protect astronauts from harmful radiation, as well as improving space engineering techniques and enhancing solar forecasting.
Scientists are researching ways to reduce radiation-induced brain damage for Mars missions, which could lead to new treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's disease. The research project is part of a $14-million study funded by NASA to determine the human brain's maximum safe cosmic radiation dose.
The Radiation Belt Storm Probes – Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (RBSP-ECT) project will measure the behavior of charged particles causing space radiation. The study aims to achieve a better understanding of the physical processes controlling the shape and intensity of Earth's radiation belts.
A University of Minnesota study found that exercise in a machine simulating gravity can reduce the risk of developing kidney stones in astronauts. Researchers used identical twins to test the effect of exercise on urinary calcium levels, and the results suggest a potential solution for preventing this painful condition.
Researchers studied team cohesion, problem-solving and task performance of aquanauts in Aquarius undersea habitat. The NEEMO 9 project assessed physiologic reactions to isolation, sleep disruption and technology use.
The MIT SPHERES project aims to develop autonomous space vehicles that can maintain their positions via radio links, interacting almost constantly. The first critical test of the SPHERE is set for May 18 inside the space station, with two additional satellites scheduled to reach the station later this year.
A team of researchers has created a miniaturized blood-counting machine that can analyze blood samples using minute amounts, reducing the need for bulky equipment and large blood draws. The device will enable astronauts to perform simple blood tests on the moon and Mars, as well as improve neonatal care with infants.
A JAP study reveals that headdown bedrest accurately models the physiological responses of astronauts to spaceflight, with similar declines in cardiorespiratory responses to exercise. This finding has important implications for helping space travelers and aiding earthbound elderly individuals.
Researchers at NSBRI have developed an ultrasound training method that reduces learning time to two-to-three hours a year. The program uses computer-based instruction and remote guidance to enable non-physicians to assess and manage emergency medical conditions in space, sports, and emergency response situations.
K-State professor Chris Culbertson is working with NASA to develop microfluidic devices that can monitor astronaut health remotely. These devices use miniaturized chemical analysis instrumentation to analyze DNA mutation rates in cells on orbit.
A novel self-replicating microorganism, nanobacteria, has been linked to kidney stone formation in astronauts and may pose an infectious risk. The discovery provides additional clues to understanding the link between nanobacteria and pathologic calcification-related diseases.
Researchers found that NASA's current guidelines, which allow for two-hour phase delays in bedtime, can lead to disruptions in sleep and alertness. The study suggests that gradual changes in sleep schedule may be more effective in minimizing negative consequences.
Kenneth Baldwin will lead a $2.5 million NASA program to develop exercise programs for astronauts, addressing physical impacts of space travel. The research aims to enhance the new NASA Space Exploration Initiative, enabling humans to work for months on the International Space Station and potentially send humans to Mars.
Researchers have found that the lack of response occurs because IGF-I does not activate its receptor molecule on the surface of the cells, triggering a signaling feedback loop. Integrins, which regulate growth factors in other cells, are also impaired due to skeletal unloading.
A new neutron detector is being developed to monitor spacecraft radiation, with a goal of creating a lightweight and portable device that can detect high-energy neutrons. The detector will provide crucial data for exploration missions outside Earth's orbit, where astronauts are exposed to increased radiation levels.
Researchers at the National Space Biomedical Research Institute are developing a new treadmill training system to help astronauts recover from balance problems after long-duration space flights. The system will also aid elderly patients and others with similar issues.
A new software package called MiniCog is being developed to evaluate cognitive processes and determine mental readiness for tasks. The program uses a series of nine cognitive tasks to assess attention, working memory, problem-solving ability, and other mental functions.
Researchers developed a mechanical system that stimulates muscle activity in the legs by mimicking natural sensory input, which could aid astronauts and bed-ridden patients. The technology uses plungers to push against the bottom of the foot in specific patterns, generating enhanced neuromuscular activity.
Dr. Sharon Cobb is leading the development of a Materials Science Research Rack on the International Space Station, which will allow scientists to study material properties in low-gravity conditions. The rack's furnaces will be used to melt and solidify various materials, with data collected for characterization on Earth.
A computer-based system is being developed to assist astronauts on extended missions with conflict resolution and mild depression. The system uses problem-solving therapy and computer simulations to help users identify and address problems.
A Stanford scientist is conducting a groundbreaking study to determine the long-term effects of hypergravity on humans. Participants will spend nine weeks in a NASA centrifuge rotating at increasingly faster speeds, simulating conditions found during space shuttle takeoff and landing.
Astronauts experience orthostatic intolerance after space flight, characterized by lightheadedness and dizziness. UT Southwestern researchers found that heart shrinking and becoming stiff is the primary cause, contrary to previous research suggesting a malfunction of the sympathetic nervous system.
The risk of injury requiring medical attention on amusement park rides is one in 124,000, while the risk of fatal injury is one in 150 million. Giant roller coasters produce high G forces that can cause neurologic injury.
A NASA-funded study is investigating the effects of reduced sleep on astronauts in space, with a focus on finding optimal combinations of anchor sleep and daily naps. The research aims to mitigate cognitive impairments, improve reaction times, and enhance overall well-being among space travelers.
A NASA-funded study found that people's internal clocks have difficulty adapting to non-24 hour days, leading to increased risk of fatigue and sleepiness. The study, conducted at the National Space Biomedical Research Institute, evaluated participants' melatonin levels in response to varying day lengths.
A NASA review highlights known and potential gender differences in physiological responses to spaceflight, including cardiovascular and exercise physiology, barophysiology, and pharmacotherapeutics. The review also addresses reproductive issues such as menstrual function and endometriosis in space.
Researchers found that astronauts' endogenous circadian pacemaker (ECP) loses its influence after about 90 days in space, leading to reduced sleep quality and duration. This could jeopardize performance on longer missions like those to Mars.
A team of researchers, led by George Cybenko and Sue McGrath, are developing a mobile agent-based system to monitor bone loss in astronauts during extended space missions. The system will analyze data on urinary calcium, diet, exercise, atmospheric conditions, and medical history to provide timely feedback and prevent bone loss.
The Deep Gulf of Mexico Benthos project aims to study the structure and functions of deepsea life forms, with a focus on the ecological impact of offshore oil production. The research team will collect data on ocean floor ecology, including biodiversity, species abundance, and environmental contamination.
Conservation biologists leverage NASA's technology for biodiversity conservation projects. Satellite and radar images are used to identify high-biodiversity areas, track changes in ecosystems, and understand the impact of human activities on wildlife populations. These studies have implications for reserve creation and corridor managem...
A virtual-reality training tool is being developed to help astronauts learn techniques for navigating complex spacecraft and maintaining orientation in microgravity environments. The device tests users' ability to maintain spatial awareness and navigate through various modules.
Researchers found American astronauts and mission control personnel reported lower emotional health scores compared to their Russian counterparts. The study suggests steps NASA can take to boost morale, such as rotating leadership roles among three-person crews.
Loren Acton, a former astronaut and solar physicist, has won the prestigious George Ellery Hale Prize for his outstanding contributions to solar astronomy. Acton's research focuses on understanding the Sun's behavior, shapes, colors, and motions.
The NASA Marshall Open House offers a daylong space adventure with interactive exhibits, including a Space Shuttle Pavilion, magnetic levitation track and International Space Station mockup. Meet astronauts, robots and celebrities, and participate in activities like the Astronaut Moon Bounce.
A new analysis by Futron estimates the risks faced by NASA's space station crew, including serious illness, deaths, and accidents inside the station. The consultancy predicts a 93% probability that a micrometeorite impact will cause disaster if it occurs.
Researchers aim to develop an exercise regimen that can prevent fainting in healthy individuals. Dr. William H. Cooke's study found that a malfunction in arterial pressure sensors and inadequate neural response to blood volume decreases may cause fainting. The investigation explores the effects of different exercise training programs o...
A study by NASA's Johnson Space Center found that spaceflight increases the levels of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in astronauts' saliva samples. EBV can cause glandular fever and has been associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, a type of cancer common in Africa.
NASA gave astronauts melatonin to improve sleep, but found no benefit; instead, electrodes seemed to help them relax and sleep better. Astronauts' duties likely cause insomnia, and monitoring equipment helps them see sleep as part of their mission.
Researchers have developed a unique antenna design called the Orlan antenna to provide communications and vital signs for astronauts on the International Space Station. The antenna's special loop design couples sufficient energy to transmit radio-frequency signals while minimizing reflections.
Orthostatic intolerance affects at least 70% of returning astronauts due to the body's adaptation to weightlessness. Astronauts often struggle with standing and may have puffy faces and thin legs during and after space travel. Researchers are studying this condition to improve astronaut health for future long-duration missions.