A new University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study found that intensive hog operations are disproportionately located in poor and non-white communities across North Carolina. The research, funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences' Environmental Justice Program, analyzed data from 1998 and 1990 to show that...
A study by Dr. Jane Leserman found that women with a history of sexual and physical abuse are more likely to have poor health during pregnancy and after childbirth, including higher levels of pain and depressive symptoms. The study suggests that trauma can have a long-lasting effect on a person's physiology and health.
A new study by Purdue University researchers reveals that snowpacks not only absorb chemicals but also produce them in the Arctic atmosphere. The findings challenge previous assumptions about how atmospheric gases are processed and may require a re-evaluation of data from ice core studies.
A new ventilator treatment has been shown to significantly reduce mortality among victims of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) by 25%. The treatment involves providing smaller breaths of oxygen-rich air, which may protect the lung from injury. This life-saving breakthrough could save thousands of lives annually.
Researchers have created self-assembling nanospheres that can control the release of drugs and have superior characteristics to traditional fillers. These durable silica spheres range in size from 2-50 nanometers and can absorb organic and inorganic substances, making them useful for various applications.
The Home Energy Saver Internet site computes residential energy savings possibilities for consumers by analyzing a home's energy use and identifying tailored improvements. The site provides personalized recommendations, linking users to hundreds of practical resources for energy-efficient products, service providers, and online materials.
A Johns Hopkins University engineer has developed a microchip-based robotic vision system that enables toy cars to follow lines while avoiding obstacles. The technology could also be used in medical systems, manufacturing plants, and surveillance systems.
Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory are exploring quantum-based phenomena to enhance computer microchips and other electronic devices. They aim to develop tiny, efficient semiconductors using quantum dots, which could lead to quantum computing and improved light-emitting applications.
The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the need for concerted action to reduce tobacco use among children. Tobacco control is a cultural struggle against tobacco companies targeting adolescents. Governments must take decisive actions to cut tobacco consumption, while supporting farmers and workers in the tobacco industry.
A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study found that more than two-thirds of animated feature films produced for children over the past 60 years display tobacco or alcohol use. The study examined nearly all G-rated animated films released between 1937 and 1997, including popular titles such as Disney and Warner Brothers films.
The MIT Touch Lab researches the hand's intricate mechanisms, aiming to enhance hand impairments diagnosis and virtual reality experiences. Advanced technologies, such as ultrasound microscopes and haptic interfaces, are being developed to study human perception and touch.
A Northwestern University study found that many older women have undiagnosed and untreated hearing loss, which can lead to depression and emotional problems. The researchers suggest that public policy should include hearing care as part of all health maintenance plans.
At the 95th annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, researchers will present papers on declassified satellite data revealing secret technological breakthroughs during the Cold War. Additionally, sound maps for visually-impaired individuals and fire risk mapping techniques using satellite images to predict forest fire...
A new study by Peter D. Jacobson examines the role of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) in primary care, finding that their scope of practice and autonomy increase with larger managed care populations. While most physicians view NPs and PAs as peers, some express concerns about quality of care and referrals.
Researchers found that estrogen activates neurotransmitter receptors, increasing neuronal activity and long-term potentiation, a process linked to memory and cognitive function. The study suggests estrogen may play a key role in delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that high-dose methadone (80-100mg) resulted in a sharper reduction in illicit opioid use compared to moderate doses (40-50mg), with some patients requiring even higher doses for optimal benefit. The study, conducted at Johns Hopkins Medicine, underscores the need for more consistent treatment dosages nationwide.
The Center for Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS Center) brings together top researchers to develop new applications and advance fundamental research in ion mobility spectrometry. The center aims to expand the technology's utility into new areas, improving detection of hard-to-detect molecules like pesticides and environmental contaminants.
A new study at the University of North Carolina links increased levels of oxytocin to lower blood pressure among mothers who nurse their babies. Mothers with higher oxytocin levels had lower blood pressure before and after discussing recent life problems, suggesting that breastfeeding may help reduce stress.
The Geographic Information System Interactive Map Server allows users to view maps of major geographic features, including location of earthquake faults and technical data. The site draws on databases created at Cornell over the past six years, making geological data accessible to researchers and educators worldwide.
A new technique using self-organizing maps can quickly analyze the activities of thousands of genes, grouping similar genes together. This allows researchers to identify patterns in gene expression and potentially discover unknown genes, leading to new insights into human health and disease.
A new study finds that proposed solutions to out-of-field teaching may cause more harm than good, and the problem persists due to a lack of prestige and pay for teachers. The study suggests that a fundamental shift in how the teaching profession is perceived in the US is needed to address the issue.
Rocky Kolb will discuss the first second in the life of the universe, describing a hot primordial soup of 'elementary' particles. He explores how this soup has cooled and condensed into the cosmic structure we see today. Kolb's work is praised for its clarity and insight.
Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds exhibit greater cardiovascular responses to stress, leading to larger left ventricles and increased heart disease risk. The study found differing pathways for African American and white children and adolescents, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.
Researchers have successfully tested a new gene therapy approach to block certain pain responses in mice. The treatment uses a herpes virus containing a gene that triggers production of a pain-blocking protein, providing long-term potential for pain relief.
German scientists have developed a laser that emits a continuous beam of matter waves, allowing for unprecedented control over atomic motion. The Munich atom laser opens new prospects in science and technology, including the precise deposition of atoms on surfaces and the creation of tiny nanostructures.
Researchers discovered that lysozyme, a protein abundant in tears, is also present in the urine of pregnant women and acts as a potent anti-HIV agent. Additionally, ribonucleases were identified in the urine, breaking apart viral RNA and potentially inhibiting HIV replication.
Duke University researchers found that angiostatin works by depleting the chemical energy needed for blood vessel cells to grow. This discovery offers a novel insight into the body's use of ATPsynthase as a power pack and suggests a new route to developing drugs to block tumor growth.
Researchers at UCSF discovered a molecular trigger that initiates uncontrolled mucus production, affecting millions worldwide. They suggest targeting this messenger to develop strategies to control mucus production and prevent airway blockage.
More than 25 topics requested by Bay Area women will be discussed at the symposium, including women's sexual health, herbal remedies, and menopause. Teen Health 2000 will cover topics such as body image, advocacy, race, contraception, and STDs.
A recent study found that women who use oral contraceptives and smoke have significantly greater cardiovascular reactivity to stress, as well as increased lipid and fibrinogen levels. This can lead to a higher risk of heart disease.
A University of Colorado at Boulder study reveals that Ectatomma ruidum ants employ chemical camouflage to infiltrate neighboring nests and steal food, relying on vigilance of guard ants to eject intruders. The unique strategy allows the peaceful species to prosper despite its inability to kill individual members.
The six-month study demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, establishing a foundation for FDA approval of ENBREL. The results support the use of etanercept as an additional treatment option for these patients.
Researchers discovered a deep-sea octopus that produces light in its suckers, challenging the understanding of bioluminescence among cephalopods. The study sheds new light on evolutionary transition and the potential role of light organs in attracting prey.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill will launch a management academy to boost training for public health professionals in four states. The academy aims to improve how health departments nationwide serve citizens, addressing concerns discussed for decades.
The NIA-funded Memory Impairment Study aims to test two drugs to slow or stop the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants will be randomly assigned to receive placebo, vitamin E, or donepezil, and the study will be conducted at 65-80 medical research institutions in the US and Canada.
Researchers found that employed husbands and wives should each do less than half of the household chores to keep their personal distress levels at a minimum. A more equitable division of household work could reduce women's distress without increasing men's distress levels.
Weizmann Institute scientists develop a heat-shock protein-based vaccine that triggers high-performance antibodies against bacterial infections, providing nearly complete protection against lethal doses. The new approach may lead to improved vaccines for various diseases and potentially cancer therapy.
A recent study by Peggy McDonough and colleagues found no difference in the effects of men's and women's socioeconomic status on mortality risk. However, they discovered a new wrinkle: increasing one spouse's income affects the other's mortality risk differently for men and women.
A recent study by Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center found that middle school-aged adolescents who begin smoking cigarettes at age 11 or younger engage in twice the number of risky behaviors that could end their life. These risk behaviors include substance abuse, violence, and suicidal thoughts.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute identify protein IL-18BP, which blocks production of interferon-gamma in T cells, a major substance released by immune cells under the influence of interleukin 18. This discovery may lead to new treatments for autoimmune diseases and organ transplants.
ABX-EGF targets the receptor for human epidermal growth factor (EGFr), which is overexpressed on many major human tumor types. The antibody eradicates established tumors with low doses and has minimal immunogenicity.
A three-year study found that state and federal laws have helped older or sicker individuals obtain health coverage if they can afford it. However, the study revealed mixed results regarding the impact of these laws on health insurance affordability and enrollment in small employer and individual markets.
The international consortium has successfully completed the pilot phase and is now accelerating the large-scale effort to sequence the human genome. The goal is to produce a working draft covering at least 90 percent of human genome sequence within one year, with completion expected by 2003.
Researchers have developed virtual reality technology to evaluate mental health problems, including Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairments. The study found that virtual reality tests showed no significant gender differences in performance.
AGU's Spring Meeting will address pressing issues such as climate change, nuclear waste management, and the impacts of global variability. The event will feature a diverse range of special sessions and press conferences.
Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University have identified a key brain peptide, orphanin, that regulates the body's inner clock and controls the circadian rhythm. The discovery opens new avenues for understanding sleep disorders and natural light cycles.
A new study published by Vanderbilt University Medical Center researchers found that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) does not significantly elevate the risk of breast cancer in women with histories of benign breast disease. Women already face a higher risk, but ERT does provide benefits for heart and bone health.
A large clinical trial of mechanical ventilator use for intensive care patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has been stopped early due to the success of a smaller breath strategy. This approach was found to reduce deaths by approximately 25 percent, improving the care and saving thousands of lives each year.
Researchers suggest a digestive problem may lead to autism and schizophrenia symptoms, as undigested milk protein produces morphine-like compounds affecting brain function. Animal studies show 95% of autistic and schizophrenic children had high levels of the protein in their blood and urine.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers directly observed molecules of liquid forming three solid-like layers near a solid surface. The findings suggest that liquids do not behave like bulk liquids in confined geometries and have significant implications for the development of lubricants and thin film coatings.
Researchers found a direct dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and gum disease severity. Low antioxidant vitamins like selenium increased the risk of gum disease by 13-fold.
Research from the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine found a significant association between periodontal disease and insulin resistance in non-diabetics. The study also showed that individuals with severe gum detachment had a higher risk of developing chronic lung diseases.
The National Science Board will convene its next open session on March 25-26 at the National Science Foundation. During this meeting, agenda items include review of minutes from November 1998 and February 1999, as well as discussion of the Computer Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Scholarships (CSEMS) Program.
A new test using vinegar and visual inspection detected over 75% of potential cancers among African study participants, identifying almost twice as many cases as Pap smears. The inexpensive and easy test could provide a reliable screening option for women in developing countries where cervical cancer is prevalent.
Researchers have identified three types of oral bacteria most likely to increase the risk of heart disease: B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, and C. recta. These bacteria can contribute to plaque formation, narrow blood vessels, and induce platelet aggregation, increasing the risk of heart attack in persons with periodontal disease.
Researchers at UB School of Dental Medicine found that hydrogen peroxide, a common dental bleaching ingredient, may promote the growth of precancerous oral lesions. The study used photofluorescence to detect increased fluorescence in hamster cheek pouches exposed to hydrogen peroxide.
Ralph Nader will speak on mergers and acquisitions at the American Chemical Society's national meeting. The event is scheduled for March 22 at the Anaheim Convention Center.
Dr. Satcher addresses the American Chemical Society on building a better community health system, honoring black chemist Percy Julian's discovery of glaucoma treatment. He shares insights on opportunities and challenges for a balanced community health system.
Mike McCormack warns of impending energy crisis in the US, citing depleted conventional oil and natural gas reserves. He also addresses the limitations of implementing solar and wind energy resources to meet America's Kyoto Treaty obligations.
Wine flavor and aroma are influenced by grape composition and tannins, according to Dr. Ernie Simpson. The presentation will also explore the potential health benefits of moderate wine consumption.