Research by Frans de Waal suggests that chimpanzees resolve conflicts through cooperative behaviors, such as food sharing, which can inform our understanding of human aggression. By studying chimp societies, de Waal's research provides insights into the complex social system and reconciliation mechanisms that repair relationships.
Mary Jo Nye emphasizes the importance of scientists' involvement in public policy debates to prevent poorly informed decisions. By engaging with the public and fellow scientists, researchers can help ensure that critical issues are addressed through a nuanced understanding of data and technical expertise.
Researchers believe studying dreams from multiple perspectives can provide a more comprehensive understanding of their role in emotional adaptation. Integrating physiological and psychological findings may shed new light on therapeutic approaches to working with dreams.
Research suggests that estuaries are vital habitats for juvenile fish in the Southeastern US, providing better sanctuaries and food supplies than offshore waters. Degradation of estuarine habitats due to human activities, such as overfishing and nutrient pollution, threatens the productivity of fisheries.
Western towns' healthiest economies focus on environmental quality and tourism, rather than resource extraction. Thriving towns like Kremmling, Colo., have seen growing populations and revitalized economies due to their natural beauty and lower costs.
A study by Purdue University estimates that farmers can cut excess nitrogen flow by 20-25% using various methods, such as improved fertilizer management and wetland reconstruction. This reduction is crucial to eliminate the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico, which affects marine life and water quality.
The National Water Initiative aims to address the US water crisis through collaboration among universities, states, and federal agencies. The initiative proposes decentralized research work at the state level, with $250 million in new funding for results-oriented research.
Researchers can now forecast long-term climate cycles, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. By understanding these cycles, policymakers can develop strategies to lessen climate-related effects, potentially ensuring cultural survival.
Dr. Craig Stevens, a leading pain researcher, has developed an alternative model using northern grass frogs to investigate the effects of morphine and other opioid drugs on humans. His research shows significant similarities between amphibians and mammals in terms of pain response.
Only four recently published series received high ratings for helping students learn mathematics, while most textbooks were deemed unsatisfactory. Excellent materials require excellent and well-trained teachers to be effective.
Cornell researchers have used genetic mapping to identify genes that boost rice yield and disease resistance in poor farmers. By introgressing genes from wild rice varieties into domesticated rice, they have increased crop production in unfavorable conditions.
Researchers from the NICHD study found that day care quality is generally fair but can influence social competence. Parents have a significant impact on their children's development, regardless of childcare experience. Key findings include improved social behavior in high-quality care and increased cooperation with peers.
Experts gather at AAAS Symposium to discuss the impact of new accountability requirements on research environments. A study by the National Academy of Science's Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy (COSEPUP) will be presented, highlighting potential negative effects.
A comprehensive study found that quality child care has a positive impact on children's social development, but family influences remain the dominant factor. The research, led by University of Wisconsin-Madison professor Deborah Lowe Vandell, measured caregiver sensitivity and warmth to find a strong correlation with child outcomes.
Researchers face challenges in measuring creative activities like research due to lack of standard tools and concerns about burden of reporting. A study by Dr. Susan Cozzens suggests that mixed-panel reviews incorporating input from potential users can improve assessment methods, but simplicity and autonomy are crucial for basic research.
A pre-Darwinian tradition of controversy over human origins existed in the US for two decades before Darwin's publication. Notions such as different races having different origins and proto-fundamentalist beliefs about a prehistoric, prebiblical lineage for humans persisted despite Darwin's influence.
The Patent and License Exchange will facilitate safe and efficient transfer of quality patents and licenses through a sophisticated searchable database, transparent pricing model, and new patent insurance products. The company aims to reduce the cash value lost due to inefficient patent markets, estimated at over $500 million annually.
The article discusses the challenges of maintaining the global research commons, citing issues with existing institutions' lack of organization and staff, as well as national economic demands that hinder international collaborations. Experts emphasize the need to understand 'best practices' from the past to inform reform efforts.
Researchers have found that adult stem cells, previously thought to be permanent, can shed their identities and become blood cells. This discovery raises the possibility of using adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes, such as generating healthy blood cells for patients with blood disorders.
A two-year study by Purdue University and McGill University found that 35% of employees promoted while working reduced hours. Successful part-time employees were highly skilled, organized, and flexible, with supportive bosses being a critical success factor.
Recent genetic studies suggest modern humans originated in Africa, with extremely high genetic diversity across the continent. This diversity holds potential for understanding genetic diseases of Africans and African Americans, as well as finding treatments for diseases like malaria and HIV.
A study on non-Western folk beliefs found that partible paternity is a common concept among indigenous groups in South America and New Guinea. This ancient tradition suggests that every man who contributes sperm during pregnancy biologically contributes to the child, challenging the long-held assumption of a single biological father.
Researchers suggest a clear connection between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease, with bacteria and toxins traveling through the bloodstream. Periodontal bacteria contain lipopolysaccharides that can cause illness and damage blood vessel linings.
A computer model developed by Dr. Ron Neilson simulates vegetation type in the US and predicts significant changes under global warming scenarios. Simulations show mixed conifers and hardwoods moving north, while desert species shift eastward, leading to increased fire risk and altered water resources.
A Wistar scientist has been awarded a $30,000 grant from the Cancer Research Foundation of America to develop a vaccine against Human Papilloma Virus-16. The grant will support research aimed at finding a vaccine that uses either the E6 or E7 protein from HPV-16 to activate T-cells.
Experts address roadblocks in university-industry technology transfer and propose solutions to capture lost billions annually due to inefficient patent and license processes. The panel discussion features prominent figures from leading institutions, including Caltech and UCLA.
Luis Montaner, a Wistar Institute scientist, has been awarded a $79,000 grant to support his HIV-1 Patient Partnership for Basic Research project. The project aims to find new treatments and develop vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) through medical research.
People with diabetes are at increased risk of getting periodontal disease, which can lead to problems with blood sugar control and complications like vision problems and cardiovascular disease. Clinical studies show that people with severe periodontal disease are six times more likely to have poor glycemic control.
A recent study by researchers at UCLA and Catholic University found that younger addicts, particularly those from minority groups, have lower chances of long-term recovery. The study analyzed data from over 800 narcotics addicts in California and identified key factors influencing relapse rates, including age of first use and ethnicity.
Dr. Gerardo Vasta will discuss diseases in the ocean, including parasitic diseases affecting shellfish and fish species, which can harm human health and the environment. He will also highlight the importance of developing accurate probes for detection and monitoring of pathogens.
A new report by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) reveals significant gaps in food safety surveillance. CSPI calls on CDC to publish a comprehensive list of foodborne-illness outbreaks, citing concerns that public health officials are not being informed about outbreak trends in a timely manner. The report finds that ...
A recent study by Cornell University sociologist Marin Clarkberg found that only 10 percent of couples prefer the traditional breadwinner/full-time housewife family model, yet 25 percent end up fitting this mold. Women are particularly affected, with many wanting to work part-time but unable to find opportunities due to the all-or-noth...
A Cornell University study finds that working couples with long work hours report the lowest quality of life due to increased conflict between work and personal life, stress, and feelings of overload. Couples with demanding jobs are at the highest risk for low life quality.
Dr. Francesca Marassi, a Wistar professor, has been awarded a $228,000 grant from The W.W. Smith Charitable Trust to study the molecular structure of PLM, a protein that regulates cardiac muscle contractions. This research aims to understand how mutated amino acids affect PLM functions and develop therapeutic treatments.
A cross-cultural study of over 200 children with specific language impairment found that their native language affects the number and types of problems they face. The study suggests that creative use errors and grammatical principles are key to understanding the disorder, which prevents millions of children from keeping up in the class...
Hundred-year-old corals are succumbing to diseases they previously survived, highlighting the impact of rising ocean temperatures and worsening pollution on ecosystems. Researchers warn that as oceans become degraded, disease outbreaks and new pathogens may emerge, posing a significant threat to marine life.
Scientists have found that unusually extensive stratospheric clouds over the South Pole contributed to the near-record-size ozone hole in Antarctica. POAM III measurements provide valuable insights into how Earth's ozone layer responds to global temperature changes and decreasing atmospheric chlorine levels.
A study is testing smart cards for pregnant women to access their medical records. The card contains a computer chip summarizing the patient's record, which can be updated with new information upon each visit. This system aims to improve healthcare efficiency and reduce redundant tests.
The Rice-Rutgers team developed a computer program that determines the optimal route for a salesman visiting 13,509 cities, exceeding previous limits of 2,892 cities. The program relies on sophisticated algorithms and parallel processing, with the code running to over a thousand pages if printed.
The new helicopter simulator is teaching navigation skills and saving the Navy time, fuel, and substantial maintenance costs. The simulator allows pilots to practice flying without putting them in harm's way.
Researchers at California Institute of Technology successfully teleported a quantum state of light from one end of an optical bench to the other. The process, known as quantum teleportation, enables information transmission at the speed of light without physical medium.
New gallium nitride transistors operate at microwave frequencies, delivering up to 100 times more power than current semiconductors. These devices will enable hundreds of low-orbit satellites serving cellular telephone users worldwide.
Scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison describe a genetic trick that helps explain the diversity of patterning and color on butterfly wings. This trick is also believed to be used among animals, enabling the emergence of new morphological characteristics through evolution.
Young scientists across the country will display their projects examining the theme 'Our Changing Earth' at science centers nationwide. The students, aged 10-12, have worked months on hands-on projects to learn about topics such as water quality, landslides, satellite images, and El Niño weather patterns.
Researchers have developed a novel method for pinpointing dielectric fluid leaks in underground high-voltage electric cables, reducing environmental impact and excavation costs. The approach uses perflurocarbon tracers and has been successfully tested in New York City's streets, potentially applicable to oil pipelines.
A new fossil discovery provides unprecedented insights into dinosaur biology, metabolism, and lifestyle. The analysis reveals that theropod dinosaurs were cold-blooded but had the potential for high levels of oxygen exchange, similar to birds and mammals.
Anthony Leggett, a professor of physics at the University of Illinois, has been named an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics. He was recognized for his fundamental contributions to theory of superfluidity in helium-3 and quantum mechanics of macroscopic systems.
A newly discovered fossil provides unprecedented insights into the biology of theropod dinosaurs, revealing they had high metabolic rates and lacked bird-like lungs. The findings confirm that these ancient reptiles were cold-blooded, contradicting previous theories about their potential avian ancestry.
Researchers found that pig eggs with multiple sperm can develop into healthy embryos with a normal number of chromosomes. The extra set of chromosomes is segregated into a separate cell, which shrivels and dies.
Astrophysicist James Annis suggests that cataclysmic gamma-ray bursts could be sterilizing galaxies, preventing extraterrestrial life from reaching Earth. This theory may provide an explanation for the Fermi Paradox, with intelligent life having recently emerged in the Galaxy and being unable to explore yet.
A new study reveals that carbon nanotubes are more energetic to roll across surfaces compared to sliding, defying conventional wisdom on friction reduction. Researchers discovered this phenomenon using the nanoManipulator device and attributed it to electron surface interactions.
Researchers found that treating women to ovulate and inseminating them through the uterus resulted in more pregnancies than other methods. The combination of superovulation and intrauterine insemination was deemed effective for infertile couples with no identifiable infertility factor and motile sperm.
Researchers identify receptor on egg surface that binds to sperm surface protein, offering new avenue for contraception. The target, alpha-6/beta-1 integrin, could be used to deceive an egg into changing its outer coat to keep sperm out.
Researchers have found that incineration of solid waste has been the dominant source of atmospheric lead to the New York City metropolitan area, contradicting current mainstream thinking. The study also suggests that solid waste combustion may contribute to other atmospheric pollutants.
The Swedish EPA has developed a new model for assessing the state of the environment, making it easier to compare local and regional areas. The model criteria cover six areas: forest landscape, agricultural landscape, groundwater, lakes and watercourses, coasts and seas, and contaminated sites.
Researchers have identified a 150-million-year-old piece of Earth's crust submerged in the mantle beneath Siberia's Lake Baikal. The study provides evidence that subducted slabs eventually sink to the Earth's core, shedding light on the planet's internal dynamics.
The Johns Hopkins Program in Computational Biology aims to bridge the gap between physical and biological sciences by providing interdisciplinary training to graduate students. The program will focus on cutting-edge genomics research, enabling students from diverse scientific backgrounds to tackle complex biological problems.
New research suggests that prolonged alcohol intake can lead to cancer risk due to acetaldehyde production, which damages genetic building blocks and is efficiently inserted into DNA in some people. A large percentage of Asians lack the enzyme needed to break down acetaldehyde, making them more prone to esophageal and liver cancers.
Researchers found that factors like environmental, social, and psychological influences explained why some HIV-infected gay and bisexual men had health insurance and received medical care, while others did not. Despite comparable socioeconomic backgrounds, black and white men differed in their use of healthcare services.
A recent gene study challenges the popular Cambrian Explosion theory, proposing that major animal groups evolved steadily over 1200 million years. The research uses hundreds of gene sequences to calculate evolutionary timelines and suggests that many species existed before their fossils appeared.