Three tiny teeth found in a piece of lower jawbone from a small Jurassic period mammal on Madagascar's island, contradicting widely-held ideas on mammalian evolution. The discovery more than doubles the age of the oldest known mammal from Madagascar and provides new insights into early branching events in the family tree of mammals.
Scientists at Emory University discovered a new family of enzymes linked to abnormal cell growth in cancer and cardiovascular disease. The Mox1 enzyme converts oxygen into reactive oxygen molecules that instruct cells to divide more rapidly.
Researchers found that NF-kappaB links growth factor signaling with proto-oncogenes Myc, Akt, and Ras. The molecular mechanism regulates cell growth and death, providing a built-in protection against cancer.
Researchers at Boston University developed a biologically inspired model to improve the fidelity of electronic devices by mimicking the noise-shaping abilities of neuronal networks. The system can effectively filter out unwanted information and identify desired signals over a wider bandwidth.
Scientists found that osteonectin, a bone protein, attracts prostate cancer cells and stimulates their invasion. This discovery has important implications for the treatment of prostate cancer and other bone-seeking cancers.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have created a new family of molecules with metal atoms inside a carbon cage. The discovery has significant implications for various fields such as medicine, optics, and electronics. The researchers found that they can produce these molecules in high yield and purity using a unique process.
Researchers at Arizona State University have achieved clear images of electron orbitals in Cu2O, verifying the hypothesis that both ionic and covalent bonding occurs in the material. The images show complex formations resembling a dumbbell shape, indicating the presence of metal-to-metal bonds.
Winglee's design harnesses solar wind to accelerate spacecraft, potentially reaching speeds of over 100km/s. The sailcloth is a magnetic field that repels ions and charged particles, exerting a small but steady force on the spacecraft.
Boston University scientists are developing a new form of microscopy that utilizes entangled-photon fluorescence microscopy to observe brain synapses. This technology holds promise for unraveling the century-old question of how dendritic spines function, crucial for cognitive processes like learning and memory.
Researchers have discovered a prehistoric virus in Arctic ice that could potentially re-emerge as the climate warms. The ancient tomato mosaic tobamovirus was found in ice cores dating back 500 to 140,000 years, raising concerns about the possibility of new epidemics.
Scientists create a new 'drought map' using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite data to identify areas hardest hit by the drought. The map compares current surface temperature measurements to average temperatures over the last 10 years, showing whether an area has a normal, low, medium or high drought index.
A new study led by Dr. Don Redelmeier found that people overestimate the speed of vehicles in the next lane, leading to unnecessary lane changes. Staying in one's lane is safer and achieves similar travel times as more aggressive driving.
A recent University of Iowa Health Care study found that genetic factors and sex differences significantly affect human responses to endotoxin, with women more likely to experience declined airway function. The study examined 72 individuals without respiratory conditions and discovered a wide range of reactions to the contaminant.
Researchers at UNC-CH have developed a new gene mutation detection method that is simple and inexpensive. This technique allows scientists to screen for minute changes in the genetic makeup of humans, animals, plants or viruses.
A new radiation detector based on optical fibers has been developed to detect illicit plutonium. The device is light, flexible, and can be used in various applications, including airport security and medical treatments for brain tumors.
Researchers found that people with heart disease can expect greater benefits from lowering cholesterol levels than those without, with a 60% decrease in heart attacks and 80% decrease in deaths. Emphasizing secondary prevention is now considered more cost-effective due to these significant benefits.
Scientists have identified a genetic defect linked to insulin resistance and adult diabetes, providing a target for potential new treatments. The Q allele of the PC-1 gene is three times more common among insulin-resistant people and twice as frequent among adult diabetics.
Researchers at Purdue University have identified a protein segment crucial for the infection of cells by retroviruses and other viruses. By replacing just one amino acid in this region, they were able to eliminate fusion between the virus and its host cell. This discovery may lead to novel treatments to block the entry of these viruses.
Researchers have successfully developed and used several types of tools to analyze the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster genome, extracting valuable information about genes and their function. The findings include a large-scale analysis of over 1,000 mutant fly strains, which identified more than 250 new genes.
The conference in Italy will discuss global change's effects on protected areas, including coastal erosions, water resources, and ski resorts. The event will also examine the impact of climate change on biodiversity and explore options for human intervention.
Wistar Institute scientists have determined the three-dimensional structure of a key enzyme involved in gene activation, GCN5. The study reveals details on how the enzyme carries out its function and identifies the structural adjustments needed for proper regulation of gene activation.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center found that bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer risk in women with a BRCA1 gene mutation. After 10 years, the incidence of breast cancer among women who had their ovaries removed was significantly lower than those who did not.