A 2000 study found that olive oil consumption was associated with a decreased risk of bowel cancer, regardless of the amount of fruit and vegetables in the diet. The protective effect may be due to olive oil's ability to reduce bile acid production and increase diamine oxidase enzyme activity.
Researchers found appreciable concentrations of triphenyl phosphate in 10 of 18 brand-new video monitors, which may be a health hazard for computer users even with adequate ventilation. The compound's levels remained high after two years of working use, highlighting the potential risks of computer work.
A study found that 74% of patients taking Ziagen/Combivir had viral loads below 400 copies/ml at 24 weeks, compared to 57% on the PI-containing regimen. Patients on Ziagen/Combivir also reported fewer difficulties with their triple regimen. The study assessed efficacy, safety, and patient adherence in therapy-naive patients.
Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of all cases, with rising costs placing a strain on healthcare resources. Insulin usage and complications are key drivers of increased costs.
Research found that parent's marital status affects African American adolescent boys' self-esteem, with married parents having a positive impact. The study also revealed differences in how males and females respond to their family environments, highlighting the importance of public policy changes to support families.
A recent study found that low-income parents, particularly those from minority ethnic groups, are more likely to use harsh discipline due to increased stress and cognitive-emotional reactions. The research suggests that parenting beliefs, family stress, and ethnicity play a significant role in shaping discipline approaches.
A study found that aggressive and disruptive children's concern for others decreased from preschool to elementary school age. Warm and supportive parenting is linked to promoting children's prosocial development, while authoritarian parenting impede it.
A 2-year study found that day care centers incubate and spread antibiotic-resistant respiratory tract bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study suggests that day care centers are ideal environments for the development of such resistance due to high rates of respiratory infections and antibiotic use.
Research findings suggest that depression in children is linked to increased serotonin transporter availability, while dopamine levels are less significant. A family-based study also identifies a potential link between the DRD4 gene and ADHD, highlighting progress in understanding molecular basis of childhood mental illness.
Researchers discovered how a new anticancer drug inhibits a runaway protein switch that causes chronic myelogenous leukemia by exploiting alterations in the shape of the protein. This precise control could give pharmaceutical companies and basic researchers new tools for manipulating cell growth and signaling pathways.
Researchers at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute discover a novel light-absorbing pigment in oceanic bacteria, which can generate cellular energy using light. This finding suggests that a new type of microorganism is capable of harnessing light energy in the ocean's sunlit surface zone.
Researchers have discovered that normal prions may fine-tune neuronal functions at the cellular level through a signaling pathway. This discovery could provide new insights into how brain-degenerating diseases occur and potentially lead to treatments.
OHSU researchers discovered that bacteria like E. coli and Neisseria use pili to congregate into microcolonies before invading cells, which can lead to disease spread. The study provides strong data on the mechanism of bacterial movement, potentially leading to new treatments.
Researchers describe a medical paradox where some AIDS patients develop opportunistic infections after regaining immune strength from HAART therapy. The 'immune reconstitution disease syndrome' occurs when the strengthened immune system reacts to bacteria or viruses already present in the patient.
Researchers discovered that certain genes are involved in both RNA interference and nonsense-mediated decay, a protective mechanism that prevents defective protein production. The findings provide valuable clues to the relationship between these two cellular processes.
Researchers have discovered a biological marker associated with depression in children, who produce less growth hormone than normal peers when given a specific hormone. This finding could give doctors an early warning system to treat children at risk for major depression before they develop the illness.
The analysis of three Himalayan ice cores reveals a highly detailed record of the last 1,000 years of earth's climate in the high Tibetan Plateau. The data shows that both the last decade and the last 50 years were the warmest in 1,000 years, with at least eight major droughts caused by a failure of the South Asian Monsoon.
A three-year study found no evidence of toxic substances from Pfiesteria in seafood. Researchers sampled edible tissues from various fish species and discovered that only menhaden were affected, with open sores being the primary cause.
A recent study suggests that naltrexone's effectiveness in treating alcoholism may be influenced by individual metabolism. Measuring blood levels of the medication's major metabolite, 6-beta-naltrexol, may help determine the optimal dosage for each patient. This approach could lead to better treatment outcomes and reduced relapse rates.
Fossils of fungal spores and hyphae dating back 460-455 million years support the theory that fungi aided in plant invasion, suggesting interdependence between organisms. Fungi have been found in association with modern plants for up to 400 million years.
The NHLBI has launched a 10-year study to find new ways of detecting heart disease early, before symptoms appear. The $68 million Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) will collect data on various risk factors, including calcium deposits in coronary arteries and pulse waves at the radial artery.
A recent study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research found that moderate alcohol consumption may inhibit the development of atherosclerotic lesions and halt their progression. This suggests that alcohol may have protective properties against heart disease, contradicting the traditional view known as the French paradox.
Despite technological advancements, earthquake prediction remains elusive due to the Heat-Flow Paradox and debates on fault strength. Research efforts have shed light on variations along the San Andreas fault, with some areas experiencing locked stresses while others creep slowly.
Researchers found that injured ruffe emit a potent, repugnant odor when in contact with other ruffe, which significantly suppresses their swimming and feeding activities. This cue has potential for managing the invasive species, but its effectiveness remains to be determined.
Children of divorced parents are more likely to drop out of middle or high school due to economic hardships, not family disruption. The resulting financial stress raises the odds of offspring dropping out to supplement the family income.
Scientists have discovered a new light-activated protein in surface water bacteria, which may represent a new mechanism for cycling carbon in the oceans. The protein, called proteorhodopsin, pumps ions across the cell membrane when exposed to light, generating energy for marine microbes.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found a strong link between brain cell loss in Gulf War veterans and abnormal over-production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter chemical important in degenerative brain diseases. The study suggests that the brain damage may be having a real effect on these veterans' brain function.
Leading AIDS researchers, including Robert Gallo and Seth Berkeley, urge a new era of scientific cooperation to accelerate HIV vaccine development. The epidemic affects 40 million people worldwide, and current funding and resources are insufficient.
A Phase I/II study found substantial and occasional complete regression of widespread tumors in patients with treatment-resistant metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with blood stem cell transplants. Three patients achieved total regression, while seven showed partial regression of disease.
The Learning 2000 conference at Virginia Tech will discuss the pluses and minuses of building virtual universities, featuring experts from around the world. Topics include social issues, learning system vendors, philosophical approaches, and best practices in virtual university instruction.
Researchers explore how complexity theory can help businesses manage complex issues, such as supply and demand patterns. Key findings include the use of genetic algorithms to improve delivery performance and the importance of predictive powers in an unpredictable world.
Repeat DWI offenders pose a significant public health threat. Victim impact panels aim to influence offenders' attitudes about drunk driving through emotional influence and raising empathy for victims. However, research suggests a minimal impact on repeat DWI offenders, with some studies indicating a decrease in re-arrest rates.
Researchers created a triple-threat drug that takes multiple approaches to combat brain cell death associated with stroke. The drug, SUN N8075, blocks calcium and sodium channels and acts as a strong antioxidant, preventing further damage.
A six-month study confirms that antibiotic choice significantly impacts long-term patient outcomes for acute infections, with gemifloxacin reducing hospitalizations and recurrences of chronic bronchitis. The study found a 30% lower rate of recurrence in patients treated with gemifloxacin compared to clarithromycin.
A clinical trial shows that a single dose of Zithromax is as effective as a 10-day course of Augmentin in treating acute otitis media in children. The study found high treatment success rates for both regimens.
New data from an NHLBI pediatric AIDS study show no significant differences in cardiac function between children exposed to AZT and those not exposed. The study provides reassuring evidence that AZT is not associated with any significant negative clinical effects on the heart.
A new UNC-CH study reveals that North Carolina's Intensive Family Preservation Services program is highly effective in preventing out-of-home placements for high-risk families. The program, which provides intensive support services to families, has a significant cost advantage over traditional social service actions.
Researchers at Cornell University will develop adaptive software that can adjust to changing conditions in simulations and hardware. The Adaptive Software Project aims to create software that behaves like a living organism, adapting to improve results or survival.
Research found that prenatal brains metabolize alcohol differently than adult brains, leading to a rapid accumulation of toxic acetaldehyde. The study suggests that drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy can be particularly damaging to the fetus, especially the fetal brain.
The Stanford researchers received $2,200,000 to transform the World Wide Web into a Global InfoBase, creating a universal information model and query language. Additionally, they aim to personalize information management and analyze semantics to reveal new knowledge.
The Grid Physics Network initiative will create a virtual data system, allowing scientists to access and manipulate massive amounts of data from various institutions. The project has the potential to boost computing power and storage capacity, benefiting fields such as genomics and business applications.
A new X-ray telescope will allow astrophysicists to peer down the mouths of black holes with unprecedented resolution. The instrument can resolve an object the size of a Frisbee on the sun, enabling the study of stellar systems and astrophysical jets.
The hospital's new digital mammography system offers improved diagnostic evaluations and quicker image acquisition, reducing patient anxiety and inconvenience. Researchers will collaborate with GE Medical Systems to develop computer-aided detection software programs for better patient evaluations.
A small earthquake off Washington's coast caused hydrothermal vent systems miles away to pump out warmer water in an unexpected pulsing pattern. This has led scientists to re-evaluate their understanding of fluid flow within oceanic crust, which had previously been assumed to be stable and relatively unchanging.
The University at Buffalo is leading a $10 million DARPA project to develop specific ferromagnetic materials for use in spintronics. The goal is to create magnetic semiconductors and prototype devices to exploit electron spin properties, enabling new functions in data processing, storage, and communications.
The 2000 Fall Research Meeting of the Society for the Study of Impotence features over 60 researchers presenting new peer-reviewed findings on sexual dysfunction, including new pharmaceutical treatments under development. Internationally renowned clinicians will also present Grand Master Lectures on key topics in sexual medicine.
A study published in JAMA found that patients taking Celebrex had two- to threefold fewer serious gastrointestinal complications compared to those receiving ibuprofen or diclofenac. The medication was also associated with lower incidence of stomach upset, abdominal pain, and nausea.
Researchers from Emory University Health Sciences Center have identified three HIV-positive chimpanzees that are progressing to AIDS, offering insights into how the disease develops and may be resisted. The chimps' unique genetic profile could hold key to developing an HIV vaccine and new treatments for AIDS.
A mathematical model developed by Population Council scientists John Bongaarts and Charles Westoff shows that increased contraceptive use and effectiveness can significantly reduce abortion rates. The study estimates that a woman who uses no contraception would need about 12 abortions to restrict her fertility to two births.
The MIT researchers used their new analytical tool to determine the sequence of a heparin fragment and produced a surprising result that contradicts earlier findings. The correct sequence reveals that the heparin fragment contains only a partial active site, affecting drug activity.
A study in Tobacco Control found that nicotine addiction symptoms appear within weeks of starting to smoke, rather than gradually. Almost two-thirds of smokers exhibited symptoms of dependency, with cravings and feelings of addiction being the most common initial symptoms.
Researchers propose that wolf presence in Yellowstone reduces elk browsing, allowing aspen trees to grow and recover. Aspen groves were largely lost due to human activity, but the absence of wolves is thought to be a key factor.
Scientists have found a mid-mass black hole in the M82 galaxy, which packs the mass of at least 500 suns into a region about the size of the Moon. The discovery opens a new field of research and suggests that such black holes may exist in our own galaxy.
Researchers discovered a high incidence of Alzheimer's disease in an Arab community, suggesting a possible role for a previously unknown recessive gene. DNA analysis revealed that only 4% of participants carried the apolipoprotein E-4 gene variant, lower than expected rates in other populations.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo found that impaired pulmonary function was associated with increased risk of mortality over a nearly 30-year period. The study showed that individuals with poorer lung function were more than twice as likely to die, highlighting the importance of regular lung function testing
A new study from Brown University suggests that Rhode Island is a microcosm of the nation's future for end-of-life care. The state ranks sixth in nursing home deaths, adjusted for age and gender, with 20% of Americans expected to die in a nursing home by 2020.
The study reveals up to 149 conserved chromosome segments in humans and cattle, including four whole chromosomes with the same genes, despite a 60-million-year evolutionary gap. The comparative map will facilitate identification of genes controlling important traits in both species.
Italian researchers found that workers exposed to hydrocarbon solvents, such as petroleum-based products, were three years younger when first showing symptoms. The severity of Parkinson's disease was directly related to the amount of exposure experienced.
A controlled trial found that anti-smoking TV advertising can help smokers quit, with over 50% of participants reducing their smoking habits. The campaign led to a fall in smoking prevalence of more than 1% in targeted regions.
A new study found that farming overall is protective against breast cancer in women, but pesticide exposure boosts their risk slightly. Women who farmed more than 23 years had a 40% lower risk of breast cancer.