Industry documents reveal little evidence of testing for the impact of additives on mainstream or sidestream smoke content or toxicity. The study highlights the importance of regulating tobacco additives to address public health concerns.
Researchers found that combining radiation therapy with androgen suppression therapy significantly reduced the risk of PSA failure in men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. The treatment showed efficacy even in low-risk patients, suggesting a potential benefit for all early-stage prostate cancer patients.
Researchers have simulated silicon nanowires with promising results, predicting changes in electronic states, Schottky barriers, and doping methods that could improve device performance and consistency. The simulations suggest new ways to overcome current technological challenges, including the use of nanoscale clusters as dopants.
Research measures health-related quality of life among 'typical' migraine sufferers, showing a strong link between migraine and depression. Forty-seven percent of migraine sufferers experience depression, compared to 17% without migraine.
The American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society recommend EEG evaluation for children with a first nonfebrile seizure, providing insights into seizure type and potential recurrence risk. The guidelines also emphasize individualized evaluations and future research directions.
Women scored higher on math exams in single-sex groups, achieving 70% accuracy rate compared to 58% with mixed gender groups. The presence of men can cause women to suffer from stereotype threat, leading to decreased performance.
The Magic Book project enables readers to move from a real-world reading experience to an immersive virtual environment, interacting with characters and objects. This technology has applications in storybooks, technical manuals, and textbooks, offering a seamless transition between physical and virtual environments.
The virtual reality experience, Paved with Fear, simulates daily activities for psychiatrists to grasp the impact of auditory and visual hallucinations. Developed in collaboration with patients, this innovative technology provides a unique understanding of the condition, ultimately enhancing treatment effectiveness.
A study published in PNAS reveals that lead contamination in San Francisco Bay will continue to affect the environment for decades due to the persistence of contaminated soils and sediments. Researchers found that lead from past gasoline emissions still accounts for most of the lead in water samples, with limited mobility out of the bay.
Researchers from University of Washington and UC Berkeley found two distinct patterns of dysfunctional marital interaction predictive of divorce at different points during a marriage. These patterns differ in emotional intensity, leading to either volatile or suppressed relationships.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered a powerful new antibiotic candidate, PD 404182, which is 10,000 times more effective than other known inhibitors of a key enzyme in Gram-negative bacteria. The compound targets KDO 8-P synthase, essential for bacterial cell surface formation, and shows promise in weakening bacte...
Researchers Marilyn Hughes and Rebecca M. Mullis developed a model to recruit and retain older African Americans in research projects, with 95% participation rate. The $400,000-project was funded by General Mills Corporation and involved African-American churches throughout the study.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered a new protein, SMAC, which promotes apoptosis and is responsible for cell death. The study found that only seven amino acids are necessary to induce cell death, making it possible to design drugs based on these amino acids.
Scientists have identified genetic resistance to aflatoxin production in over five major crops, with commercially usable resistant varieties expected to be available soon. Crop management practices such as irrigation and early harvesting can also significantly reduce aflatoxin content.
A study published in Tobacco Control found that symptoms of nicotine dependence can appear within four weeks or even just a few days of starting to smoke. The research team monitored over 700 teenagers and found that nearly two-thirds developed at least one symptom of addiction, with feeling addicted being the most common initial symptom.
Renowned scientists and clinicians will discuss recent advances in breast cancer science and treatment, including new developments in imaging techniques, hormone replacement therapy, and alternative therapies. The symposium will feature prominent speakers from top medical institutions.
A team of Penn State researchers has developed a scale to measure an individual's visioning ability, which is the capacity to summon a vivid mental image of their organization's future. The scale was validated through five survey groups and showed significant correlation with positive outlook and inspirational motivation.
The DOE's sensor system uses a temperature sensor and radio-frequency tag to measure F-16 brake temperatures during landings. This allows ground crews to monitor the risk of hot brake emergencies, enabling pilots to take necessary precautions.
A new study found that an oral-solution form of Risperdal is just as effective as intramuscular injections in reducing symptoms of psychotic agitation. The oral solution may be a more acceptable alternative for both caregivers and patients, promoting patient choice and compliance.
Researchers found that patients' immune systems counteract their normal response against donor organs, leading to graft acceptance. The discovery could help doctors monitor transplant patients more effectively and reduce dependence on immunosuppressants.
A study surveyed over 300 women aged 70+ about fitness activities, finding they generally recognize health benefits but experience strong, anxiety-driven fears of risks. The researcher recommends specialty programs addressing specific needs, improving perceptions of exercise as a viable disease risk reduction strategy.
Reduced estrogen levels caused by stress can lead to atherosclerosis and increased heart disease risk in women. Stress affects estrogen production, causing fatty deposits in arteries and potentially leading to heart attacks and strokes.
Researchers have created protein microarrays that can measure the function of thousands of proteins, enabling rapid screening of small-molecule drug candidates and profiling of enzymes in cells. The technique preserves protein function and functionality, allowing for creation of 'protein snapshots' of cells.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania discovered that carbon nanotubes can conduct heat exceptionally well, potentially addressing overheating issues in microchips. The discovery could lead to applications in various fields, including electric motors and aircraft components.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory identified a DNA repair enzyme deficiency in the Norin 1 strain of rice, making it more susceptible to UV damage. The team suggests that breeding or introducing genes from non-UV-sensitive strains could improve the enzyme's ability to bind and fix damaged sites.
The event brought together renowned experts to explore the potential impact of genetic advancements on society. Panelists discussed the future of genetics and its potential to revolutionize various fields.
A researcher has devised a way to make tracking more accurate by determining the amount of bending electromagnetic signals incur due to air moisture and temperature. This technology has applications in high-precision tracking radars.
Dr. Lee Hartwell has made significant contributions to our understanding of the cell cycle and its role in cancer development. His work with yeast has identified over 50 genes crucial for controlling cellular growth and division.
Elaine M. Hull receives a $602,759 Independent Scientist Award to expand her research on hormone and neurotransmitter interactions in the brain. She aims to clarify how gonadal hormones influence neurotransmitter release in the medial preoptic area, essential for male copulation in all vertebrate species.
A Vanderbilt University-led excavation has uncovered a remarkably preserved 8th century Maya royal palace at Cancuén, Guatemala, featuring over 170 rooms and 11 courtyards. The site's unique design and fine limestone construction have allowed it to remain largely intact for over 1,000 years.
A new study by Penn State and University of Nebraska researchers found that men who are moderately aggressive have stronger immune systems. The study analyzed data from 4,415 men aged 30-48 years and found that those with higher levels of aggression had higher concentrations of specific white blood cells, which could help them better f...
A recent study found consistent evidence of later freeze and earlier breakup of ice on northern waterways over a 150-year span, corresponding to a 1.8 degrees Centigrade increase in air temperature. The trend suggests climate change, but other drivers like solar activity may also be involved.
The USGS will install a monitoring well in San Jose to track groundwater pressures and assess earthquake hazards. The project aims to improve models for estimating earthquake shaking in the region, enabling better planning and design of structures to reduce damage from future earthquakes.
A study found that a testosterone skin patch can relieve impaired sexual functioning in surgically menopausal women. The patch restored normal testosterone levels, leading to improved sexual activity and pleasure, as well as overall psychological well-being. Adverse side effects were minimal.
A new mathematical model links El Niño cycles to cholera outbreaks, with a consistent 3.7-year frequency in both ENSO events and cholera cases. The study suggests an 11-month time lag between ENSO events and peak cholera incidence, likely due to increased sea-surface temperatures and bacteria-bearing zooplankton.
Scientists have assembled a 150-year lake and river ice record spanning the Northern Hemisphere, showing a steady warming trend. The average rate of change over the 150-year period was 8.7 days later for freeze dates and 9.8 days earlier for breakup dates.
A new study documents very warm sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific about 400,000 years ago, which supports the hypothesis that the tropics is a key player in global climate change. The analysis provides valuable insights into past temperature shifts and could aid numerical modelers in predicting future warming.
A new UCSF study reveals that while combination antiretroviral therapy has improved patient outcomes, it also creates uncertainty and anxiety among healthcare providers. The researchers found that providers are struggling to make informed decisions due to a lack of resources and limited information on patient adherence.
The MACE-II experiment, launched on September 8 aboard the space shuttle Atlantis, will test techniques for predicting motion and controlling vibrations in zero gravity. With multiple months of testing, researchers will interact with the experiment remotely to refine its performance.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have developed a new mouse model that mimics symptoms of myotonic dystrophy, allowing for potential treatments to be tested. The mice provide insight into the disease-causing role of mRNA and its impact on muscle fibers.
Scientists have found that the tropical Pacific Ocean played a key role in driving past ice ages, cooling by at least 3 degrees Celsius during each of the last five ice ages. This discovery challenges the long-held theory that high latitude and North Atlantic processes were the primary drivers of climate change.
The study reveals that a catastrophic global die off of vegetation led to the rapid transformation of river systems from meandering to braided streams. This shift, occurring at the end of the Permian Period and the beginning of the Triassic, was accompanied by massive extinctions of marine and land vertebrate species.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that a testosterone patch improved sexual function and psychological well-being in surgically postmenopausal women. The study showed that treatment with higher doses of testosterone substantially improved outcomes, while lower doses had less effect.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have isolated a key protein involved in the degeneration of nerve cells in Alzheimer's disease. The newly discovered protein, nicastrin, regulates the production of amyloid beta-peptide, a toxic derivative associated with the disease.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a novel DNA detection method that is more accurate, less expensive, and easier to use than conventional methods. The scanometric DNA array detection method uses gold nanoparticles and a flatbed scanner to detect target DNA with high sensitivity and selectivity.
The NIH has awarded a $6 million per year grant to create the Women's Health Interdisciplinary Scholarship Program for Research, aiming to increase quality research in women's health. The program will provide salary support, coursework, and mentoring to junior faculty-clinical researchers.
A team of biologists led by Carl E. Bauer have determined that non-oxygen-producing bacterial species such as purple and green bacteria are the most ancient photosynthetic bacteria. This finding reverses conventional thinking on the evolution of photosynthetic bacteria, suggesting a complex evolutionary history.
A new study has identified biochemical remains of human tissue in a coprolite, providing definitive evidence for sporadic cannibalism in the Southwest. The analysis suggests that at least seven people were systematically cut up and consumed by residents of an Anasazi site around 1150.
The project aims to catalog the HLA gene complex and explore its differences among populations worldwide. The goal is to create a searchable database linking multiple interacting genes with function, ethnicity, and disease.
An international team is accelerating the investigation of immune-related genes to improve organ transplant matches and develop vaccines for specific diseases. The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene complex holds clues to many medical questions.
A recent study published in Thyroid journal found paclitaxel to have significant clinical activity against ATC, with 53% of patients showing improved survival time. The drug was infused continuously over 96 hours every three weeks for one to six treatments.
New studies using satellite imagery reveal El Niño's disruption of the marine ecosystem, with a reduction in phytoplankton and an increase in nutrient-depleted waters off Baja California. The findings suggest that warm waters ushered in during El Niño resulted in a decline in phytoplankton, which are crucial for the ocean's food chain.
The University of California and Caltech are designing a 30-meter telescope called the California Extremely Large Telescope (CELT) to study distant galaxies and star formation. The telescope will have a segmented primary mirror made up of 1,080 small hexagonal mirrors, and its cost is estimated to be around $500 million.
Researchers at UC Davis discovered that multiple protein-based motors work together to build the spindle and move chromosomes during cell division. This new understanding of cellular machines could help prevent or treat disorders related to cell-division defects.
Researchers at BresaGen are working on developing cell-based therapies for Parkinson's Disease and genetic diseases using human embryonic stem cells. The company is focusing on deriving stem cells from normal adult cells to overcome ethical concerns.
The National Inventors Hall of Fame honors seven innovators, including Walt Disney and Steve Wozniak, for their contributions to the personal computer, animation, and medical breakthroughs. The inductees' inventions have improved quality-of-life materials and technologies.
A new Cornell University study reveals that residential crowding is harmful to people of all cultures, contradicting widely held beliefs. The research found no evidence that Asian Americans or Latin Americans can better withstand the adverse psychological consequences of living in crowded homes.
Researchers at OHSU's new Oregon Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Neurological Disorders (ORCCAMIND) are investigating the effects of yoga on healthy elders versus traditional exercise. The study aims to improve quality of life and slow aging impacts.
The National Science Foundation-funded project aims to improve seismic design of buildings and infrastructure in the US. Researchers will collaborate using high-performance networking, shared databases, computer modeling, and simulation tools.
Marcia Guyse, a Decatur, Ala., mom, uses NASA's Educator Resource Center to plan innovative science and math activities for her home-schooled children. The center offers free workshops, materials, and online resources that align with national standards, enhancing her teaching approach.