Researchers at UNC developed a technique to deliver oxygen-carrying fluid to resuscitate the heart after cardiac arrest. The method, selective aortic arch perfusion (SAAP), has shown promising results in animal studies and may help save trauma victims by allowing surgeons to repair damage.
A volunteer's death during a medical research study highlights the need for improved safety measures and enhanced ethical oversight. The Canadian Medical Association Journal article emphasizes the importance of learning from such incidents to prevent future tragedies.
The OPTIMA study shows that low-dose budesonide alone reduces the risk of severe asthma exacerbations and poorly controlled days by half in previously untreated patients. Adding formoterol improves symptom control and reduces exacerbations in both previously untreated and corticosteroid-treated patients.
A study published in Neurology found that cognitive impairment No Dementia (CIND) affects 23.4% of community-dwelling participants aged 65 and older, with rates increasing by 10% for every 10 years after age 65.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute scientists have developed a new biological classification of adenocarcinomas using miniaturized gene chips. The technique groups tumors by their genetic 'signatures', which can capture distinctive patterns of active and inactive genes, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and treatments.
A study found that children from high-risk families have lower levels of enzymes that help dispose of free radicals, making them more susceptible to cellular damage. Increasing intake of fruits and vegetables can help build up these enzymes and prevent free radical damage.
Results from two independent studies show omega interferon's antiviral effect against all HCV genotypes, reducing virus to undetectable levels. The treatment also appeared to be well-tolerated by patients, with progressive anti-hepatitis C effects reported.
In two studies, VEGF gene therapy significantly reduced angina episodes and improved exercise tolerance in patients with end-stage coronary heart disease. The treatment has shown impressive clinical results, with most patients experiencing continued improvement in daily life after treatment.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that allopurinol, a medication commonly used to treat gout, can improve heart muscle efficiency and reduce energy consumption in patients with congestive heart failure. The study showed a 20% reduction in energy consumption without affecting contraction strength.
A study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that telling a lie and telling the truth require distinct brain activities. The research used fMRI to track brain activity in volunteers during an interrogation method, revealing increased activity in regions involved in inhibition and control when lying.
A study found that young athletes are more prone to sudden death due to cardiovascular diseases, with a higher risk of 2.5 times compared to non-athletes. Enhanced pre-participation screening methods, including electrocardiograms, are recommended to identify affected athletes.
Researchers at University of Pittsburgh identified Langerhans cell precursors that can be targeted to initiate or down-regulate the immune response, potentially leading to novel treatments for asthma and transplant rejection. The discovery could also enhance vaccine development.
A new handheld echocardiography device has been shown to detect heart abnormalities with minimal training, offering a major step forward in heart health screening. The device can reasonably detect left ventricular dysfunction and pericardial effusion, but may require additional training for other conditions.
UB researchers found that Ritalin can cause long-lasting changes in brain cell structure and function, similar to other stimulant drugs. The study suggests that Ritalin's effects may outlast the initial dose, leading to concerns about its long-term impact on the brain.
Researchers analyzed 20 years of US vital statistics data to find racial disparities in heart disease mortality rates. The study confirmed that African Americans experienced a slower decline in CHD death rates, highlighting the need for targeted prevention programs.
Researchers report significant advancements in sutureless vascular graft surgery, reducing operating time by up to 90%. The new techniques enable quicker connections of blood vessels and minimize damage to the heart, paving the way for minimally invasive surgery on the beating heart.
Researchers have successfully converted adult human bone marrow stem cells into functional brain cells in the lab, using a combination of growth factors and nutrients. The breakthrough could potentially lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease.
A Stanford research team aims to understand how C. crescentus's genes communicate with one another, exploring its potential as a bioremediation agent. The goal is to create a comprehensive 'owner's manual' for the bacterium, which can help DOE meet its challenges in toxic waste cleanup and energy production.
A new study found that between 83-89% of federal appellate court decisions in employment-related ADA cases favored the defendants, with plaintiffs winning fewer than 17% of their cases on appeal. Despite this, some factors such as prevailing at trial, alleging discriminatory demotion, and specific types of impairments can improve outco...
UCLA researchers found that anxiety about breast self-examination leads to low compliance among high-risk women. Only 34% of participants performed regular breast self-exams, despite high rates of mammogram and Pap smear adherence.
Researchers identify Mus81, a resolvase enzyme in fission yeast, as a crucial component of genetic recombination. The discovery has potential implications for cancer therapy, as the enzyme plays a role in cell replication and DNA repair.
A Penn State study found that uniform speed limits can lead to different impacts on boats of different sizes. At speeds near 6-8 mph, prop wash can stir up lake sediments, aggravating turbulence problems. The study suggests a computer program to predict water velocity and guide lake managers in setting safe speeds.
Research found that men in higher grade positions with stay-at-home partners have lower rates of depression, attributed to improved quality of life and stress management. Conversely, women in lower employment grades with limited control over their environment are at high risk for depression.
Brain researchers find that glial cells produce surplus cholesterol to support nerve cell growth and synapse formation. The discovery sheds new light on an often-disdained molecule and offers perspectives for neurobiological research and potential strategies to cure brain lesions.
A recent study published in The Lancet suggests that prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls is associated with lower mental and motor development scores in infants. Conversely, a stimulating home environment can counteract this adverse effect.
A science reviewer strongly criticizes Bjørn Lomborg's book, arguing that it gives little recognition to modern environmental professionals and fails to make the connection between new policies and environmental advances. The reviewer highlights the importance of economic incentives, such as those contained within the Kyoto Protocol, i...
Recent studies on Mars' Elysium and Amazonis Planitia regions reveal regionally extensive lava eruptions from the same vent system as water. The findings suggest that these volcanic and hydrologic events are both young and related in origins, potentially indicating ongoing volcanic activity.
A study found that a new immunization regimen requiring up to four injections at one visit does not decrease vaccination rates despite increasing the risk of adverse reactions. The authors credit parental acceptance and safer vaccine versions for the sustained coverage levels.
Researchers at Ohio State University have identified potential metal deposits in Saudi Arabia's western Shield area using GIS software. The analysis of over 2,100 known occurrences of gold, silver, copper, and other metals revealed large quantities of lower-grade metal, ideal for open-pit mining.
Researchers have developed a new liver cancer treatment using electrolysis, which destroys tumors and surrounding tissue with minimal impact on healthy liver cells. The technique has shown promising results in an ongoing trial, with eight out of ten patients showing no evidence of residual tumor.
The researchers are studying the otolith - the ear bone of the bluefin tuna - to see why its numbers have been dwindling for 25 years. By analyzing the layering of the otolith, they can determine the age of the fish and its nursery areas.
The Framingham Heart Study is entering a new phase by recruiting its third generation of participants to explore factors that promote the development of cardiovascular and other diseases. The study aims to identify genes contributing to good health and develop new imaging tests for early-stage coronary atherosclerosis.
Researchers at Jefferson Medical College have demonstrated in the laboratory that prostratin can stimulate two main hiding areas in patients with HIV infection who are taking HAART, leading to death of the virus from anti-viral drugs. The work shows promise for a new second-generation approach to eradicate HIV from the body.
Geologists have found no evidence of impact-induced volcanism on other heavily-impacted planets in our solar system, according to new research by Jay Melosh. The study also provides a theoretical analysis of the conditions created by a large impact on Earth, contradicting a widely-held idea.
A recent study conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital found that men expend effort to view attractive female faces, even when they're not part of a social stimulus. The research also shows that areas of the brain previously linked to rewards like food and money respond to facial beauty, but not to attractive male faces.
Researchers discovered that parasitic worms develop normally into adults when in contact with specific immune cells in their host's liver, producing fewer eggs if disconnected. This adaptation allows the worms to thrive by exploiting their host's immune response.
A new study reveals that cranberries are the top antioxidant in fruits, while fresh berries and white wine can reduce heart disease risk. Cooking techniques like covering food with foil and using lower-protein ingredients can also help achieve a golden brown color and reduced browning.
A study by Virginia Tech researchers may lead to more effective methods for cleaning up gasoline spills, which can contaminate groundwater. The research focuses on the role of iron reduction and methanogenesis in bioremediation, aiming to improve modeling and cleanup efficiency.
Researchers have identified mutant enzymes with improved detoxifying properties against chemical warfare agents and agricultural insecticides. By modifying amino acids, the team has created faster-detoxifying enzymes that can efficiently degrade these compounds.
A recent discovery of buried impact craters on Mars indicates that the planet's northern lowlands formed very early in its history, possibly as a result of a shallow ocean. This finding provides crucial insights into the origin of Mars' crustal dichotomy and challenges traditional theories about the planet's geological evolution.
Researchers found that future SIDS victims showed more frequent airway obstruction during sleep tests, with less decrease in obstructive sleep apnea as they aged. Additionally, siblings of smokers with COPD had a high probability of airflow obstruction. The study also confirmed the effectiveness of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody treatmen...
The American Physiological Society has awarded over $160,000 to nine minority students pursuing PhDs in physiology. The one-year Porter Physiology Fellowships aim to increase underrepresented minority participation in the physiological sciences.
A recent study by Ohio State University researchers found that palivizumab adherence is key to keeping babies virus-free. Among the surveyed families, those with higher perceptions of protection from palivizumab were more likely to adhere to the monthly dosing schedule. Conversely, children whose families had difficulty accessing healt...
Researchers found that topiramate, an anticonvulsant drug, can block nicotine-triggered changes in brain chemistry. The study suggests that topiramate has potential for treating nicotine addiction by reducing the neurochemical activity associated with pleasure and reward.
Research by astrobiologist Jack Farmer highlights the significance of microbial ecosystems found in hydrothermal environments, which could be cradles for life on other planets. Discoveries of new forms of life on Earth thrive in extreme environments broaden possibilities for similar life to exist elsewhere.
A survey of 310 pregnant women in Zambia found that 74% prefer targeted therapy with resources available, while 60% support mass drug administration if only half the population is targeted. The results suggest that most women would prioritize access to nevirapine over testing.
Researchers are developing computer simulations of human visual processing to help individuals with low-vision disorders. The technology aims to process images in ways that compensate for defects, such as macular degeneration and glaucoma.
A study found that HIV-1 shedding in female genital secretions is common, with 57% of women having RNA present. High plasma RNA concentrations are the best predictor for risk of transmission. Women on antiretroviral therapy may still be at risk of transmitting the virus to their partners or babies.
A massive sand delta, over 325 feet thick and nearly 22 miles wide, was found in ancient shorelines of South Florida. This discovery suggests a river system significantly larger than present-day Florida once flowed through the state.
Astronomers discover that asteroid 1929 Kollaa was once part of the larger asteroid 4 Vesta, which is believed to be the source of meteorites found on Earth. This finding helps scientists build a geologic map of the asteroid belt and understand forces that have acted on asteroids in the past.
Researchers have developed a new sensor that improves the sensitivity and reliability of current prototypes for landmine detection. The sensor uses specially designed disposable fluorescent polymer beads that can be easily replaced, reducing degradation and retraining problems.
Researchers developed a simple risk index using age, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure to predict mortality risk in STEMI patients. The index revealed a strong and independent predictor of mortality risk, with a 20-fold gradient of increasing mortality.
Researchers propose that early animal life evolved to thrive in unique Cambrian environments with microbial mats. This new perspective suggests alternative evolutionary explanations for the development of strange morphologies, such as those seen in helicoplacoids, the earliest known echinoderms.
A study published in The Lancet found that HIV-positive women can shed the virus in their genital tracts even when their blood levels are low, posing a risk of transmission to others. The researchers analyzed samples from 311 HIV-positive women and found that about a third had HIV-1 shedding in their genital region.
Researchers developed a prognostic model for patients with prostate cancer who have returned after surgery, identifying risk factors that predict treatment success. PET scans also showed promise in assessing lung cancer patients' response to radiation therapy.
A team of researchers has developed a new technique using lichens to track recent climate change. By analyzing the size of lichens in different regions, scientists can create a timeline of glacier retreating glaciers in New Zealand. This method could provide valuable insights into global warming and its effects on the environment.
A precise sensory map of odor receptors has been identified in the olfactory cortex, revealing how signals from different receptors are arranged and combined to yield diverse odor perceptions. This organized map is virtually identical in different individuals, providing new insights into the processes underlying odor perception.
Researchers found that small island rivers in Taiwan and New Zealand produce high amounts of sediment, potentially impacting global climate change. The amount of sediment varies greatly between rivers, with the Cropp River in New Zealand producing 32,000 tons per square kilometer.
A new study by the American Chemical Society ranks cranberries number one in antioxidants, making them a key component of a healthy diet and lifestyle. The study found that cranberries contain more disease-fighting phenols than other fruits, including broccoli, which has been shown to have anti-cancer properties.
Scientists have created an atomic-resolution image of the three-dimensional intensity distribution of a strongly localized radiation field using a single calcium ion. This technology has far-reaching implications for quantum computing, as it enables the generation of light pulses containing exactly one quantum of light.