Geologists at Ohio State University have found a massive 3.5-inch-long cockroach fossil with incredible detail, preserved for millions of years without shell or bones. The ancient site offers insights into the diversity of life and climate changes during the Carboniferous period.
A U. of Colorado-led science team is studying environmental problems on Alaska's North Slope to better understand and mitigate the effects of climate variability and potential environmental disasters. The researchers are creating a storm damage handbook using computer modeling to help local communities prepare for extreme storms.
Researchers are studying Mulinia congesta to determine change in organism shape and size due to environmental changes. The study focuses on a gradual environmental change in Southeastern Virginia over 500,000 years.
Researchers have confirmed that ancient prokaryotic potassium channels may be the precursor to modern mammalian potassium channels. The study, published in Nature, challenges the long-held assumption that these channels are similar across eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
A new study by top carbon scientists reveals that terrestrial carbon sinks will not operate steadily into the future due to the temporary nature of key processes. The sinks, which currently absorb excess carbon dioxide, are expected to diminish with time as forests mature and other factors saturate.
Researchers found that spines on Spondylus regis increase its surface area, providing a hospitable environment for epibionts. This indirect protection reduces overall predation on the bivalve.
Researchers found that water molecules can move through tiny carbon nanotubes in short bursts, with changes in interaction causing the tube to empty or fill. This dynamic behavior has implications for understanding how water is conducted in biological channels and may contribute to developing new sensors.
Agricultural tariffs average over 40% globally, with dairy products and sugar being heavily protected. The paper advocates for the abolition of export subsidies and curtailment of domestic support to create a level playing field.
A new study suggests that increasing fertilizer efficiency could reduce nitrate levels in the Mississippi River by up to 33% while maintaining crop yields. The research found that a modest reduction in nitrogen fertilizer use could substantially reduce nitrate concentrations in the river.
Research reveals that selected NSAIDs decrease AB42 levels by up to 80%, providing hope for plaque-reducing drugs without anti-inflammatory side effects. The study suggests a new mechanism through which NSAIDs may confer protection against Alzheimer's disease, independent of direct anti-inflammatory properties.
Geologists have identified the ancient harbor of Troy by correlating sedimentary facies with ancient texts, including Strabo's Geographies. The findings will be presented at the Geological Society of America's annual meeting in Boston.
A new study proposes revised guidelines for classifying semen samples as normal or abnormal, potentially rewriting laboratory standards used for 50 years. The research suggests that male infertility is not as clear-cut as current guidelines suggest, and that a 'gray zone' of borderline semen samples requires new treatment approaches.
New guidelines for assessing male fertility provide a more reliable means of estimating fertility, helping specialists tailor treatments to individual patient circumstances. The revised standards identify key parameters, including sperm count, motility, and morphology, to better determine a man's likelihood of fathering a child.
Researchers will examine physical and biological processes in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas to assess climate change impacts. They will analyze planktonic food web interactions and quantify export flux of particulate organic carbon.
A geologist proposes that traditional Chinese landscape paintings, emphasizing harmony with nature, may have contributed to China's lack of early adoption of geological principles. This perspective is rooted in the Western European emphasis on geometric perspective as a tool for understanding spatial relationships.
A new climate model proposes that geographic range changes and body size played a primary role in the extinction of large mammals during the Pleistocene era. The study suggests that as animals' geographic ranges decreased over time, their probability of extinction increased, especially in harsh environments.
Scientists discover the lower Hudson River estuary is slowly cleaning itself due to tidal forces, storms, rain, and spring runoff stirring up polluted sediment. The process transforms contaminants into less toxic forms, allowing them to be released out to sea.
Researchers found that treating patients in the Emergency Department with Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT) improves patient outcomes. Patients treated with EGDT had a lower mortality rate, fewer organ failures, and shorter hospital stays compared to those receiving standard care.
A new study analyzing 2,109 court cases on religion found that government regulations can disproportionately affect minority religions. The study, led by Dr. Roger K. Finke, reveals that minority religions are more likely to be involved in court decisions and less likely to receive favorable rulings compared to mainline churches.
Research suggests that Vioxx and Celebrex can enhance the effects of radiation on tumors by interfering with angiogenesis, a process that feeds tumor growth. This discovery has potential implications for treating various types of cancer and is being explored in ongoing clinical trials.
A study by Michigan Medicine researchers found that high oxygen levels can be toxic to stem cells, converting muscle cells into fat cells. This discovery has important clinical implications for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, as it may be related to aging and oxidative stress conditions.
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) has established a network to provide clinical researchers with access to human gene vectors and toxicology studies. Seven NIH components will participate in the network, which aims to eliminate barriers to gene transfer research.
The study provides new evidence on the timing and migration path of early hominids out of Africa. Researchers used Earth's magnetic field reversals to determine a more precise age for the Erk-el-Ahmar site, which dates back around 300,000 years.
A study published in Women's Health Issues found that nutrition education significantly lowered the risk of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women. The research showed that a six-month nutrition education program led to a reduction in fat intake and improved body composition, reducing the risk of heart disease.
A University of Cincinnati geologist has found that genera appearing after mass extinctions survived for longer periods than those that emerged at other times. The trend is attributed to their generalist characteristics, which allowed them to adapt to new geographic and environmental distributions.
Middle-aged women with obesity, stress, financial struggles, and certain medical conditions are more likely to experience daily functional limitations. A national survey of 16,000 women aged 40-55 found that these factors significantly impact physical function.
A GSA panel will explore critical questions about water usage, including who owns a given resource and how to prioritize uses. The dialogue aims to integrate scientific and religious perspectives on global sustainability.
Researchers aim to identify genetic differences that make people more susceptible to environmental hazards, with a focus on cancer development and birth defects. The consortium will use genomic approaches to monitor gene expression and predict individual risk based on genetic profile and environmental exposures.
Researchers studying eBay data identified four trends that explain price fluctuations in online auctions: the weekend effect, picture effect, reputation score effect, and auction length effect. These factors impact final prices of rare coin transactions on eBay.
Researchers analyzed growth bands in Antarctic scallop shells to understand climate change, finding a long-term warming trend since the early 1950s. The study also reveals seasonal temperature variations and the impact of glacial meltwater on coastal waters.
Recent research reveals a mix of natural and human-induced changes in Florida Bay, with a significant increase in the mussel species Brachidontes exustus and a decline in molluscan diversity. Understanding natural variability is crucial to restore ecosystems to their natural state.
A new compound has been developed that offers intense cooling properties without the taste or smell of mint. The compound is 35 times more powerful than mint and lasts twice as long, making it ideal for a range of consumer products.
A study of 60 older women found that those who were physically active reported higher quality of life and better physical health. The research revealed that even those living in assisted care facilities benefited from increased activity levels.
The USGS is studying the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure to understand its influence on groundwater. Scientists are examining the composition, age, and structure of crystalline basement rocks to learn more about the impact event's effects.
Researchers have made a breakthrough discovery about the development of rod and cone photoreceptors, the light-sensitive cells in the retina that initiate vision. The study found that the retinal protein Nrl acts as a 'molecular switch,' signaling cells to develop into rods rather than cones.
Researchers analyzed sound waves from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory to map the temperature and flow structure beneath sunspots. The study revealed fast-moving streams of hot plasma converging into a gigantic vortex that penetrates the solar surface.
Researchers found that PP-188 reduced crisis time by nine hours and crisis duration by 16 hours in patients taking hydroxyurea. In children under 15, the reduction was even more significant at 21 hours.
Researchers found that compound PP188 shortened crisis duration, particularly in patients taking hydroxyurea and children. The study showed a significant reduction in pain disappearance within a week for those treated with PP188 compared to placebo.
A two-year study of postmenopausal monkeys found tibolone improved bone mineral density while reducing cardiovascular risks compared to estrogen-based treatments. However, it may offer advantages in breast and uterine safety over other options.
Researchers found evidence of advanced stone tool technology and symbolic thinking in Africa, challenging the long-held assumption that modern human behavior emerged later. The discovery of 28 bone tools at Blombos Cave suggests that 'behavioral modernity' first evolved in Africa around 35,000 years ago.
Researchers studied coral outbreaks off the island of Curacao, finding high concentrations of metals and human pathogens near major oil refineries. The team suggests that environmental stresses caused by pollution may be weakening corals' resistance to bacterial infection.
Researchers found that CD4 cells help mediate damage during ischemia, and two specific molecules, CD28 and IFN-gamma, were identified as participating in the injury process. This challenges current ideas of T cell function and may lead to new treatments for conditions like strokes and heart attacks.
A Mayo Clinic study found that prophylactic mastectomy reduced the risk of breast cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations by 89.5% to 100%. The study followed 26 high-risk women for 13.4 years without developing breast cancer, despite predicted risks of 6-9 cases.
A new database using Geographic Information System (GIS) allows geologists to interpret large amounts of data more easily. The system enables scientists to query and analyze data over a large area in various ways, leading to new insights into the tectonic history of regions. This advancement in science helps understand the Earth's regi...
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute developed a theory to explain lexical selection and form encoding in spoken word production. The theory proposes two major processing components: lexical selection and form encoding, which can be completed within two-thirds of a second.
Researchers found that prostate cancer patients who underwent seed implantation (brachytherapy) experienced more urinary, sexual, and bowel problems compared to those treated with high-quality conformal external-beam radiation. The procedure's invasive nature may contribute to the higher side effects.
A UC Davis study found that surgical consultations were faster and more accurate than CT scans and ultrasounds in diagnosing appendicitis. Surgeons determined diagnosis within 10 hours, while patients waited 13-19 hours for CT or ultrasound results.
A recent study by NASA researchers analyzed global weather stations and satellite observations to identify minimal local human influence. They found larger warming at urban stations on average, but used rural stations to adjust the records for a more accurate climate change measure.
Researchers found that aspirin does not reduce costs and increase life expectancy for colorectal cancer prevention. Regular screening tests remain highly effective and cost-effective, even for patients taking aspirin for other reasons.
A new study is testing a diluted form of the traditional smallpox vaccine, aiming to increase available doses. Participants will receive either the full or reduced dose and be monitored for signs of successful vaccination.
Researchers found that human umbilical cord blood cells improved motor and sensory abilities in rats after stroke, even when administered a week after onset. The study suggests these cells may be used to treat early stroke and other traumatic brain injuries through less invasive IV administration.
The USGS reports that 45 million residents live in hurricane-prone areas, with population growth doubling since the 1960s. Coastal erosion is expected to result in 1,500 homes lost per year, with approximately 87,000 at risk within 60 years.
Researchers at UCSD suggest that naturally occurring molecules called beta-synucleins (b-synucleins) may inhibit the excessive accumulation of Lewy bodies, which are characteristic of Parkinson's disease. In mice studies, b-synuclein was shown to block the formation of these abnormal deposits.
Researchers have found unprecedented sea-level rise along the coasts of Maine and Nova Scotia, with rates of 30-60 cm since 1750. The finding suggests a two-step increase in sea level, caused by natural climatic warming followed by human-induced climate change.
Researchers found that regular treadmill exercise with parents can help children with Down Syndrome walk three and a half months sooner than those without therapy. This early mobility improves independence and reduces stress for parents.
Researchers are using spatial statistics to analyze cases of renal failure and leukemia in Texas. They found that the distribution of renal failure cases is consistent with random phenomena, but may have underlying hotspots for cancer cases.
The study found that PET scans changed treatment for 63% of patients with recurrent lung cancer, with a significant impact on patient care and well-being. For newly diagnosed patients, PET results led to changes in staging and treatment planning, impacting 42% of cases.
Researchers propose innovative forecasting techniques using futures markets and alternative polling approaches to predict presidential election outcomes. The methods aim to improve accuracy and stability in predicting the popular vote and electoral college votes.
Researchers are using a technique called fluid inclusion micro thermometry to determine the formation temperature of quartz cement in 300-million-year-old sandstones. The study aims to understand the thermal history of these ancient rocks and its implications for understanding oil and gas formation.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center have identified cyclin B1 as a promising new tumor antigen for cancer vaccine development. The study found that cyclin B1 is over-expressed in breast and lung cancer cells, making it an attractive target for immunotherapy.