The four-member US team, consisting of Sean Kedrowski, Binghai Ling, Collin Martin and Albert Wang, will participate in the international contest alongside two alternates Andrew Chi and Jonathan Choi. The competition tests high school students' proficiency in chemistry theory and laboratory experiments.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center are performing the first amniotic exchange procedure in the US to treat gastroschisis. The procedure involves removing caustic amniotic fluid and replacing it with sterile saline solution to improve fetal outcomes.
The [18 F]FDDNP PET scan revealed longer retention times of the tracer in areas with high densities of ß-amyloid senile plaques. This finding provides valuable insights into Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The image is expected to shed light on disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
A team from Michigan State University has found a new source of nitrogen fixation in spirochetes, corkscrew-shaped bacteria abundant in termite guts. This discovery opens up new possibilities for nitrogen availability and highlights the importance of microbes in animal nutrition and health.
A team of researchers from Tufts University and Brigham and Women's Hospital discovered that nitric oxide plays a key role in controlling the firefly flash. The findings, published in Science, reveal how a temporary cut in mitochondrial power supply triggers the firefly's bioluminescent glow.
The ADEMEX study found that increasing small solute clearances through modified dosing doesn't impact patient survival, contrary to current practice. This enables tailored prescriptions for individual patients without sacrificing survival benefits.
Researchers identified complete set of pollen coat proteins, revealing genetic clues to plant mating and self-recognition. The study found rapid divergence of mating genes across species boundaries, shedding light on evolutionary processes.
By altering the order of structural elements during folding, researchers successfully redesigned the protein G's pathway to mimic that of another protein. The re-engineered protein exhibited increased stability and a significantly faster folding rate than its natural counterpart.
Dr. Williams has been recognized for his work implementing better medical policy for African-American and Hispanic communities in Watts and the Greater Los Angeles area. He has raised millions of dollars for various organizations, including the King-Drew Sickle Cell Center and Association of Black Cardiologists.
Distinguished leaders Bryant, Robertson, and Warfel were honored for their dedication to the American Heart Association. The organization has grown to include over 22.5 million volunteers and supporters, dedicating $337 million to research support and community programs.
Australian researchers use giant rain gauges in crater lakes to study past climate change, finding a climate shift in the 1800s triggered lake level decline. Modern rainfall is only 80% of evaporation, requiring 95% rainfall to maintain pre-European levels.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that activation of vitamin A receptors can regulate the human circadian clock. This discovery provides an important clue to how the master clock in the brain regulates distal organs by controlling clocks throughout the body.
A new tool allows early prediction of patient's stroke outcome by combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and time from symptoms to scan. The study found that patients with small lesion volumes were five times more likely to recover than those with larger volumes.
The Suquamish and Port Gamble S'Klallam tribes are working together with geologists to manage water quality through a long-term approach. They have established staff gauges and monitoring wells, as well as implemented wetland protection programs and watershed studies to protect their water resources for at least seven generations.
Jan L. Breslow and David A. Ness received the 2001 American Heart Association Gold Heart Award for their leadership in research, administration, and volunteer work. The award recognizes their significant contributions to advancing heart health through their work with the association.
Researchers observed that biting behavior in Polybia occidentalis wasps is a continuum, transitioning from mild to highly aggressive. This behavior affects the life cycle of individual wasps, influencing foraging and social hierarchy.
The university's technique has improved the success rate of cattle cloning from one in 20 to one in seven, paving the way for efficient meat production. Cloning technology will allow farmers to reproduce desirable traits and improve genetics at a faster rate.
A new study by Brown University researchers found that individuals describe themselves and their social groups using similar adjectives, yet fail to recognize they are not typical. The study suggests an egocentric bias, where people project their self-image onto the group, hindering conflict resolution.
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine reveals that weight gain and chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure are common problems among younger women with early-stage breast cancer. Researchers emphasize the importance of monitoring bone density and taking calcium supplements to mitigate potential long-term side effects.
A new statistical approach identifies four DNA sequence variations in three genes that work together to heighten a woman's risk of breast cancer. The technique, called Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction, can analyze multiple gene interactions using data from a reasonable number of patients.
A recent report by the National Research Council found that efforts to restore wetlands have made some headway, with a decline in annual wetland loss rates over the past 15 years. However, poor implementation of mitigation projects and lack of long-term monitoring continue to hinder progress.
Antarctica's Weddell Polynya forms due to a horizontal cyclonic eddy spinning off Maud Rise, affecting global ocean circulation and carbon cycle. The study aims to improve understanding of natural mechanisms driving polar ice cap changes.
Kinesin proteins use a unique 'head-over-head' mechanism to propel themselves forward, allowing them to transport vital cargo through the cell. Researchers have discovered that this process is controlled by the breakdown of ATP and involves a rocking motion that allows kinesin to complete long-distance walks in a few seconds.
Researchers discovered a multi-layered protection mechanism in yeast cells that prevents duplicate genes from causing cancer. The system involves three overlapping controls requiring the reversal of multiple chemical processes before genes can be re-copied.
The Lehigh Omnidirectional Tracking System (LOTS) enables US troops to locate and track remote enemy soldiers attempting to infiltrate positions. LOTS uses a 360-degree camera and AI-powered software to detect movement and alert commanders with an icon on a map.
Researchers from Penn State and the University of Verona developed a new approach to analyze the steadiness of a marksman's aim, which may help diagnose and monitor tremors in patients with neuro-muscular disorders. The technique combines statistical data analysis and stability analysis to track and explain the sources of tremor.
A nationwide study by Ohio State University found that ozone concentrations in US cities are primarily influenced by external factors such as construction and road intersections. The study revealed a positive correlation between public transportation use and reduced ozone levels, as well as the importance of preserving green space in d...
A meta-analysis of 39 impact studies reveals that bottom fishing gear types significantly affect sediment organism disturbance. Inter-tidal dredging causes the most negative impact, followed by scallop and inter-tidal raking.
Researchers found that patients with the lowest activity of a key folate-metabolizing enzyme suffered the highest degree of toxicity and treatment complications. Patients with the MTHFR variant had less than half the rate of folate-enzyme activity, resulting in increased oral mucositis symptoms and slower platelet recovery.
A Cornell University developmental psychologist found that American adults and preschool children remember experiences differently from indigenous Chinese. Americans report lengthy, emotionally elaborate memories focusing on the self, whereas Chinese tend to give brief accounts of general routine events centered on collective activitie...
Chemist Susan Temme has been awarded the Northeastern Regional High School Chemistry Teaching Award for her innovative teaching strategies, laboratory work, and leadership. She developed Cheshire High School's advanced placement chemistry curriculum and led staff development workshops.
Srinivas Akella receives $399,700 to develop software enabling industrial robots to manipulate flexible objects and assemble complex 3-D structures. His techniques could reduce manufacturing costs and time required for new products.
A new web-based taxonomic key enables researchers to identify mammals by answering a series of questions with accompanying images. The key, developed in collaboration with the University of Dar es Salaam, uses over 170 identified species as a starting point.
The study found associations between increased consumption of animal-based foods and higher risks of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, diabetes, and liver cancer. Plant-based diets were inversely associated with these health problems.
A recent Ohio State University study found that substance abuse is a key factor in determining recovery from traumatic brain injuries, not violence. Patients with a history of substance abuse were less satisfied with life and less productive one year after discharge.
Researchers are developing robotic lampreys with artificial muscle material, onboard compass, and sonar altimeter to mimic nature in technology. The robots can swim backward and maintain an S-shape during movement, making them ideal for stealthy underwater operations.
Researchers successfully synthesized two rare forms of carbohydrate molecules, including one found on Leptospira biflexa bacteria causing leptospirosis and Candida albicans fungus causing candidiasis. The team overcame a challenge in preparing the beta-mannose type linkage in carbohydrate chemistry.
A clearer picture has been obtained on why the protein doesn't function properly in the milder form of cystic fibrosis, attributed to segments sticking together and interfering with chloride flow. This discovery opens doors for new avenues of research in rational drug design.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis discovered that blood vessels signal the onset of bone loss in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. The discovery sheds light on how inflamed blood vessels trigger a cascade of events leading to local bone destruction.
Researchers at UGA have developed a new cloning technique with a success rate of one in seven, significantly improving the efficiency of the process. The technology will allow for the reproduction of desirable traits and improved genetics, benefiting producers and consumers.
The Office of Naval Research developed an inexpensive and effective HLA test to screen potential bone marrow donors, increasing compatibility by 30%. New research aims to slow down tissue rejection response, allowing near matches.
The Office of Naval Research has funded a study to develop new plasmid DNA vaccines for marine mammals, aiming to prevent epidemic disease. The studies may soon allow for better protection against infection using vaccination of individual animals within a population.
A study published in Clinical Chemistry explores the connection between metabolic abnormalities and SIDS, highlighting a potential standard protocol for medical examiners. MS/MS testing of infant and child deaths may help explain SIDS cases, offering new insights into this leading cause of childhood death.
The new A.I argumentation system, which uses defeasible reasoning, allows for a more natural and human-like approach to legal decision-making. This enables lawyers to build stronger arguments and make informed decisions based on competing perspectives.
A new technology, developed by Ohio University engineers, uses membranes to capture fine air pollutants and toxic heavy metals from industrial exhaust. The membrane electrostatic precipitator can help coal, steel, paper, and other industries meet EPA emissions regulations and make high-sulfur coal a more viable energy source.
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) has established a national family registry for scleroderma research. The registry will study families with one or multiple cases of the disease to identify genetic factors, environmental triggers, and susceptibility genes.
A USC study found that administering a drug to lower insulin resistance in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes successfully prevents or stalls its onset. The study tested whether reducing the demands on beta cells could prevent diabetes in Latinas with recent gestational diabetes.
A USC study found that teenagers and young adults with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk of atherosclerosis, or plaque buildup in their arteries. The study suggests that physicians should monitor lipid levels in these patients, even at an early age, to prevent cardiovascular problems.
A USC-developed nutrition and exercise program has been shown to significantly reduce weight gain in children, increase fruit and vegetable consumption, and enhance physical activity. The Kids N Fitness program is effective in promoting healthy eating habits and regular exercise among obese children.
A large cohort study found that pregnancy complications such as low birthweight, preterm delivery, and pre-eclampsia are associated with an increased risk of maternal ischaemic heart disease. Women who experienced these complications were more likely to be hospitalized or die from IHD.
Febrile reactions occur in around a third of platelet transfusions. Researchers propose that CD40 ligand release from platelets triggers the production of proinflammatory prostaglandin E2, leading to fever. Keeping CD40 ligand levels low before transfusion might reduce adverse events.
Researchers developed a rapid ELISPOT assay to detect T cells responding to ESAT-6 protein, which is absent in BCG vaccine strains. The new test shows stronger correlation with exposure intensity than existing tuberculin skin test (TST), providing potential for improved tuberculosis control and targeted preventative therapy.
The Maine Science and Technology Foundation is conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the state's R&D investments to determine their impact on economic growth. The initial evaluation will assess existing data collection processes and propose a web-based system for ongoing assessment.
The new Court Appointed Scientific Experts (CASE) project connects federal judges with credible experts to address complex scientific and engineering issues in courtrooms. By leveraging the AAAS's network of esteemed scientists and engineers, judges can better understand emerging technologies and make informed decisions.
The Merck Company Foundation and AAAS announced the 2001 winners of the expanded program providing research experiences in chemistry and biology for undergraduates. The awards aim to build bridges between chemistry and biology fields to encourage students to pursue graduate education.
The AAAS atlas shows how human activities affect natural resources, land use, and biodiversity. It provides case studies examining the relationship between population growth and environmental degradation in various regions.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has launched a web-based forum on the debate over genetically modified foods, providing a balanced scientific view on related issues. The site features commentaries from top scientists, a glossary of terms, and a model curriculum for teaching genetic modification.
Researchers at Harvard University have created a powerful new tool to combat diabetes, identifying crucial genes responsible for pancreatic development. The discovery sheds light on the role of NGN3 and Pdx-1 in pancreatic development, offering hope for potential therapeutic usage.
The study identifies six transcripts whose up- or down-regulation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) parallels the changes seen in anergic cells. Calmodulin suppression in RA is consistent and dramatic, suggesting a link between anergic cells and disease-associated T cells.
Researchers found that HBV polymerase mutations can restore viral replication rate while maintaining drug resistance, affecting treatment efficacy. Entecavir proved effective against even the most vigorous drug-resistant mutants, offering a promising alternative to lamivudine.