A recent study by the San Francisco VA Medical Center found that two-thirds of elderly people who are eligible for nursing home care receive it at home, often from family members. This type of in-home care is estimated to save the government billions of dollars annually.
A new study found that smoking cessation programs may be less effective for black smokers than for white smokers, with a 23% quit rate compared to 34% after one year. However, the difference narrowed over time, suggesting that interventions without specific adaptations for black participants may still be effective.
Researchers at University of Toronto have discovered a photon switch that can manipulate photons to transmit data in computers. The discovery has the potential to solve problems that traditional computers cannot, including database searches and cracking codes on the Internet.
Research finds that genetics, age, and depression are significant predictors of arthritis, while openness is linked to effective mental functioning among aging African Americans. The study also suggests a strong genetic influence on several measures of well-being, including life satisfaction and depression.
A recent study has identified over 100 yeast genes that provide protection against radiation, revealing new insights into human genetic resistance to environmental stressors. The findings also suggest potential targets for the development of more effective anti-cancer drugs.
A recent deep-sea drilling expedition off Japan has revealed that vast areas of the Pacific Ocean were low in oxygen for periods of up to a million years each. The expedition, which lasted two months, uncovered evidence of global warming events more common than previously thought, with some occurring every thousand years.
The Johns Hopkins emergency department has implemented an acute care unit to reduce overcrowding, resulting in a 40% decrease in ambulance diversion hours. The unit has also seen a significant drop in patient walkouts during the midnight shift, from 20.6% to 8.9%.
Research by Dr Tim Butler reveals that gentrification in London has become a permanent phenomenon, driven by the growing divide within the middle class. Middle-class families are choosing areas based on lifestyle and convenience, rather than social status.
A study by Professors Ash Amin and Ray Hudson reveals that the UK's social economy faces significant challenges in addressing social exclusion, with only 3% of organizations operating without public funds. The research highlights the importance of non-transferable place-specific factors in determining success.
The NIST report provides the first estimates of sublethal exposures to fire smoke's magnitude and impact on people in the United States. It also evaluates lethal and incapacitation values for smoke and identifies further research needed to improve fire hazard and risk assessment.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published a guide for law enforcement officers to investigate electronic crimes. This guide aims to provide investigators with an overview of the types of electronic evidence that may be available at crime scenes, including devices ranging from large computers to pagers.
A study found that people with normal or high-normal blood pressure can progress to hypertension over a four-year period, positively associated with age and weight increase. The authors recommend annual screening for those with high-normal blood pressure, while normal pressure individuals may require biennial screening.
Researchers at Emory University Health Sciences Center have identified specific genes in the brain associated with Fragile X Syndrome, a genetic disorder causing mental retardation and related problems. The study used DNA microarray technology to discover 251 dysregulated mRNAs in cells from patients with fragile X syndrome.
Dartmouth Medical School biochemists identify a transport receptor that selects soluble proteins for export from cells, resolving a long-standing puzzle. The discovery opens up new avenues for understanding protein secretion and its role in diseases such as hemophilia.
Researchers have found a massive magma reservoir beneath Mt. Vesuvius in Italy, extending over 400 square kilometers and eight kilometers deep. The reservoir is thought to be a zone of neutral buoyancy, where the magma floats in a trapped layer, and may hold clues to future eruptions.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center discovered that estrogen therapy improves consistency in older women, a key indicator of cognitive function. The study, which involved postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy, found that estrogen users performed more consistently than those not taking the hormone.
A recent study found that middle school and high school students are more likely to quit smoking when faced with the prospect of fines or license loss. Students in high-enforcement areas were also more aware of penalties and had lower smoking rates, ranging from 21-26.6% compared to low-enforcement areas.
A low-tech handheld refractometer can detect counterfeit malaria drugs and has the potential to be used to test mass batches of drugs imported from overseas. The device is relatively inexpensive and simple to use, making it a viable option for people in developing countries with limited resources.
Scientists have identified a novel family of peptide antibiotics, Piscidins, isolated from the tissues of hybrid striped bass and found in mast cells. These potent compounds show broad-spectrum activity against various bacterial pathogens, including multi-drug-resistant strains.
Researchers have discovered a fire ant protein linked to its senses of smell and taste, which may help regulate social behavior and structure in colonies. The protein's unique properties could be used as a pest control method by disrupting the ants' sensory signals.
Research suggests that targeted policing strategies can be effective in preventing assaults and injuries by increasing deterrence through education and punishment. The study also highlights the importance of specific, visible police work and increasing certainty of punishment.
A new ultrasound technique using fetal nasal bone examination at 11-14 weeks pregnancy improved the accuracy of Down's syndrome screening by increasing sensitivity to 85% and reducing false positives. The study found that fetuses without a nasal bone were 150 times more likely to have trisomy 21 compared to normal fetuses.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that warfarin and aspirin provide no significant difference in preventing another stroke in ischemic stroke patients without atrial fibrillation. The study, which followed 2,206 individuals for two years, showed no statistically significant differences between the tw...
Researchers have created nanoscale atomic generators that selectively destroy cancer cells without harming healthy tissue. The generators use radioactive actinium to produce potent alpha particles that kill cancer cells, offering a new hope for treating various types of cancer.
The discovery shows that confining hydrogen molecules in small spaces creates measurable magnetic interactions, which could lead to a better understanding of solar cell efficiency. The researchers believe this finding has fundamental implications for the study of nanomaterials and their potential applications.
The RIDGE 2000 program will focus on the integration of research across a wide range of disciplines to study complex seafloor ecosystems and geological processes. With an investment of $27 million, the program aims to address questions that bridge gaps between disciplines.
A genetic 'thermostat' called LRP5 regulates bone mass during growth and may contribute to normal variation in bone strength. The discovery could lead to new treatments for rare genetic disorders and potentially increase bone density in the general population.
Researchers found that Helicobacter pylori infection was more common in patients with hereditary angioneurotic oedema, a genetic disorder causing non-itchy swellings. Eradicating the infection improved abdominal symptoms and reduced episodes of acute pain.
A study led by Drs. Eva S. Lefkowitz and Karen Fingerman found that middle-aged women take charge in conversations with their aging mothers, using positive language to maintain good relationships. The researchers recorded 46 mother-daughter pairs and discovered a low level of negativity in their interactions.
A landmark clinical trial at 22 medical centers has found that implanted heart pumps with wearable controls significantly increase the likelihood of terminally ill heart failure patients surviving a year, with a 52.1% one-year survival rate compared to 24.7% for those receiving medication and medical monitoring.
A UK-based study found that over 90% of probation officers and 70% of GPs and clergy reported being verbally abused in the past two years. Physical assaults were also common, affecting between 10-12% of community professionals.
Researchers found that vibrations recorded on September 11 were of a low magnitude, too small to cause structural damage. The collapse of the towers was attributed to the interaction between the ground and building foundations, transmitting energy from the impacts and collapses.
Researchers identified a specific mutation in the presenilin 1 gene that increases beta amyloid expression, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The study found 18 unrelated families with the same mutation, suggesting a common ancestral origin.
A meta-analysis of 53 controlled clinical trials involving over 24,000 patients found that 10mg rizatriptan, 80mg eletriptan, and 12.5mg almotriptan showed better efficacy and consistency compared to sumatriptan. The results suggest that physicians need a variety of triptans in their repertoire to best treat patients with migraine.
Cosmologists have developed a new simulation model that suggests the first star in the universe formed from a cloud of hydrogen and helium at least 100 times more massive than our sun. The simulations provide insights into the chemical elements produced in stars, including metals heavier than lithium.
Researchers found that abnormal alpha-interferon secretion in lupus patients leads to hyperactivation of dendritic cells, causing the immune system to attack healthy cells. This abnormal reaction can result in chronic inflammation affecting various organs, including the skin, kidneys, and joints.
A new study from the Mayo Clinic has identified a crucial protein involved in male fertility, shedding light on a common cause of infertility. The research found that mice lacking this protein are infertile, highlighting the importance of Hrb protein in acrosome development.
A new molecular nanogenerator has been developed to target and destroy cancer cells using actinium-225. The treatment showed promising results in cell culture and animal models, killing cancer cells at extremely low concentrations.
Researchers have made significant discoveries about the San Andreas Fault using a new technique for seismic imaging. The study has provided valuable information on the properties of rocks near the surface and the deep fault line, shedding light on the potential risks and opportunities associated with drilling through the fault.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a wireless broadband communications network for rapid deployment in disaster response and recovery efforts. The system uses the 28 GHz band to connect remote stations and provide GIS access, audio/video conferencing, and collaborative decision-making tools.
Researchers develop a condition-based monitoring system using radar-like signals to detect material damage in aircraft and vehicles. The system can accurately determine the location and severity of damage, even when temperature changes affect material behavior.
Researchers found that a chemical signal from the nervous system can redirect immune actions, affecting conditions like arthritis and asthma. The discovery suggests potential for developing drugs to regulate the immune response and improve defenses.
Researchers identified three genetic subtypes of lung adenocarcinomas, each associated with different survival rates and treatment outcomes. The study could improve diagnosis and treatment options for patients with this aggressive form of lung cancer.
University of Cincinnati researchers are monitoring Arctic thaw lake basins using radiocarbon dating, pollen analysis, and remote sensing. The study aims to improve understanding of the role of interactions among land, atmosphere, and ice in the functioning of the Arctic System.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have discovered that FMRP controls the fate of specific proteins in brain cells, explaining the physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities characteristic of fragile X syndrome. The findings offer potential for future therapies to lessen the disease's impact.
A study found that prolonged abstinence from alcohol can lead to partial reversal of structural brain damage, particularly in the frontal lobes and cerebellum. This suggests that brain function can improve with abstinence, offering hope for recovering alcoholics.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found that altering nitric oxide levels in developing tadpoles significantly affects brain size and cell number. Nitric oxide signals cells to stop proliferating, enabling specialization into distinct types.
A comprehensive program combining naltrexone, communication skills training, and cue exposure training significantly reduced heavy drinking days and urges to drink. Patients who received the communications and coping skills training were less likely to report a relapse day.
A recent discovery by Dr. Kathrin Muegge and colleagues has revealed that a protein called Lsh is required for normal genome-wide methylation during development. The study suggests that chromatin structure plays a crucial role in regulating DNA methylation, which is essential for gene expression and cellular function.
The study found that prehospital administration of the clot-dissolving drug reteplase decreased treatment time by more than 30 minutes at hospitals with average transport times and in-hospital treatment times. The savings exceeded 45 minutes at slower treatment time hospitals, highlighting the potential to improve patient outcomes.
A six-year study found that regular low-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking four times a week, reduced CRP levels and improved blood vessel function in men. The study showed a significant reduction in inflammation markers for genetically susceptible individuals.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new tissue engineering method that uses a polymer to encourage the formation of healthy blood vessels in living rats. The approach, which combines VEGF and PDGF growth factors, shows promise for treating coronary artery disease and speeding up wound healing.
Arsenic inhibits transcription of the hTERT gene, which in turn inhibits telomerase, causing genetic instability that may lead to cancer in healthy cells. The study's findings also have implications for developing more effective chemotherapy treatments for leukemia.
Researchers found that troponin levels can accurately predict future heart attack risk, even when traditional measures are negative. The study suggests using troponin as a reliable indicator of cardiac cell damage, rather than creatine kinase-MB, to detect high-risk patients.
Researchers discovered a natural protein called p22 that inhibits blood vessel growth, preventing tumors from growing. The study showed that p22 is released by cancerous cells and targets only those cells that help tumors grow, reducing the risk of metastasis.
The study examined the impact of alcohol on NMDA receptors in the brain, finding that it inhibits or prevents Fos protein induction. This suggests that alcohol acts by modifying these receptors, which could be linked to the development of symptoms and susceptibility to alcoholism.
Researchers found that individuals who took naltrexone for at least two months had fewer heavy drinking days and urges to drink, while coping skills training provided lasting benefits in reducing relapse severity.
A University of Michigan study found that female rats exposed to estrogen and cocaine showed increased sensitization, leading to faster craving and lower doses. The effects persisted even after the hormone was removed.
Researchers have discovered that statins can help alleviate symptoms of cardiac hypertrophy without affecting cholesterol levels. The findings suggest that statins may modulate signaling pathways involved in hypertrophic growth, leading to improved cardiovascular outcomes.
Researchers have found that a Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine may also protect people from the most serious complication associated with West Nile virus infection. The study tested two vaccines in hamsters and found that they provided better protection than other options, including a yellow fever vaccine.