The University of Michigan has received a five-year, $3.7 million award from the National Science Foundation to improve opportunities for tenure-track women faculty in science and engineering fields. The project aims to address the slow increase in women faculty numbers over the past decade.
In Scotland, UK, deaths from coronary heart disease decreased between 1986 and 1995 due to reduced tobacco smoking and healthier diets. However, many people with heart attacks die before reaching hospital, with significant disparities among older adults, women, and those from disadvantaged districts.
A study by researchers at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute exposes the potential biological impacts of deep-sea carbon sequestration on marine ecosystems. Decreased pH can lead to metabolic suppression, inhibiting growth and reproduction in sensitive organisms.
Researchers identified the PRL-3 gene, which is consistently overexpressed in metastatic liver cells from colon cancers. This enzyme codes for a tyrosine phosphatase that may play a role in colon cancer metastasis.
Bioengineers at Cornell University have created a system for transplanting clusters of brain cells, together with controlled-release microcapsules of protein, to enable cell differentiation and growth. The technique has shown promise in treating neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injuries.
A new study published in New England Journal of Medicine found that age alone should not determine whether an older patient is offered chemotherapy after surgery for treatment of stage II and III colon cancer. The study showed a significant reduction in death risk and improved survival rates among patients over 70 with the disease.
Research suggests that leptin, a hormone involved in weight regulation, may be more closely tied to mental factors than previously thought. Studies have found that alterations in brain structure and function may play a key role in leptin-related obesity.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) has announced eight institutional transformation awards to enhance the participation of women in science, engineering, and academia. The awards aim to improve diversity in STEM fields by creating models that can be replicated nationwide.
A bacterial peptide has been identified as a key regulator of host responses to infection. This discovery opens up new avenues for the development of therapies targeting this process.
Researchers have discovered a novel calcium-selective ion channel gene, CatSper, that controls the flow of calcium into the tails of spermatozoa. This finding could lead to the development of a new type of contraceptive that targets this protein, potentially offering fewer side effects than current hormone-based contraceptives.
A new study analyzes three model plans and finds that competitive pricing may reduce plan uncertainty but is unlikely to raise enrollment in the M+C sector. Total government spending on Medicare could be reduced by increasing beneficiary premiums, but geographic inequities in benefits are a concern.
Research investigates how tumor suppressor genes are methylated during development, affecting cancer risk. The study reveals complex interactions between epigenetic regulation and cellular differentiation.
Researchers studying Drosophila flies have identified key molecules regulating epidermal growth factor receptor signalling, which is crucial for developmental processes and cell growth. The study's findings have implications for understanding human diseases like cancer, with potential applications in medical advances.
The center will provide cutting-edge instrumentation and theoretical expertise to researchers worldwide, focusing on biochemistry and molecular biology. Researchers will utilize state-of-the-art ESR spectrometers to study dynamic molecular processes and develop new methods for measuring distances in biomolecules.
A combination of edible oils from fenugreek, cumin, pumpkin seed, and oregano improved glucose metabolism in diabetic rats, reducing the need for insulin. The study suggests that these natural products may be effective in treating Type II diabetes and high blood pressure.
Patricia B. Smith has developed a hydrogen-based plasma process that effectively removes residues from pure copper interconnected layers, enabling the manufacture of state-of-the-art semiconductor devices. This breakthrough technology will also be used for future generations of smaller device technologies.
Researchers at Cornell University found that about one-third of baby boomers plan to continue working after retirement, prioritizing travel, volunteering, and education. The study suggests a shift in how baby boomers view retirement, with many viewing it as a transition to a more flexible work-life balance.
Researchers found oregano oil to inhibit staphylococcus bacterial growth as effectively as standard antibiotics. A study using mice also showed that oregano oil and carvacrol had promising results against the bacteria.
Dr. K. Barry Sharpless' discovery of chiral catalysts has enabled the production of useful molecules, including therapeutics that improve human health and lives. His work has streamlined the creation of important chemicals, including antibiotics and heart medicines.
A Johns Hopkins University team is developing a speech recognition system to help historians sift through Holocaust survivor interviews in languages other than English. The system aims to improve access to the archive's vast collection of video interviews.
A study found that invasive Argentine ants eliminate native ant species, affecting seed burial and plant regeneration in fynbos ecosystems. This disruption can have cascading effects on the entire community, highlighting the threat of invasive species.
Researchers at the University of Michigan found that generic drugs have stabilized at about 40% of prescriptions, despite growing market share. The team suggests therapeutic interchange as a viable solution to balance cost-cutting with effective medication.
The establishment of these centers brings together unique research expertise to perfect islet cell isolation and availability techniques. The centers aim to improve cellular viability, function, and shipping procedures for patients with type 1 diabetes.
The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) has awarded Matthew Freeman the 2001 golden medal for his significant contributions to molecular biology. The prestigious award recognizes Freeman's groundbreaking work in this field.
ExxonMobil scientists have developed a novel catalyst and process called SCANfiningTM, effective in reducing cracked naphtha sulfur levels up to 99%. The new process overcomes challenges of traditional methods, which are either too expensive or result in lost octane required for modern engines.
Scientists have found that gradual changes in ecosystems can lead to catastrophic collapse, as even small disturbances can trigger irreversible shifts. This is evident in various ecosystems around the world, including coral reefs and forests.
A study published in General Hospital Psychiatry found that guided imagery relaxation with body relaxation reduced psychological distress in cancer patients. The benefit was most pronounced in those with higher levels of distress before the intervention.
New research presents preliminary results of a study on Xenical's effectiveness in promoting rapid and sustained weight loss. The medication has been shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors and maintain weight loss for up to two years, resulting in significant health benefits.
A study predicts a significant shortfall of anesthesiologists in the US, with estimates ranging from 1,000 to 4,500. The authors suggest solutions to address the shortage, including increasing diversity in training programs and revising government immigration policies.
A study published in JAMA found that the misdiagnosis rate for appendicitis remained high despite the availability of new diagnostic tests, particularly among young women and older men. The researchers analyzed data from 85,790 appendectomies performed in Washington state between 1987 and 1998 and found that the rate of misdiagnosis in...
Researchers have developed a new treatment option for atrial fibrillation using bipolar radiofrequency, which shows promising results in treating the condition. The procedure can be done without using the heart-lung machine and has been tested on sheep with successful outcomes, indicating it may be safe for human patients.
Leland Hartwell received the Nobel Prize for his work on cell cycle control, discovering over 100 genes involved in regulating cell division. His research has led to a deeper understanding of normal cellular function and the molecular basis of diseases like cancer.
A recent study by Texas A&M University researchers found that environmental conditions such as drought, water quality, and predator presence impact crayfish populations. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the ecological relationships between organisms and their environments to predict stream health.
A recent study found that 10% of pregnancies in healthy women remained undetectable by early pregnancy tests, even when using sensitive methods. The researchers analyzed daily urine specimens to pinpoint the day of implantation, which occurs roughly nine days after fertilization.
A recent study published in the Annals of Plastic Surgery found that children under 7 years old can suffer severe hand abrasions and burns from treadmill belt accidents. Parents are advised to keep their children away from treadmills and follow safety precautions to prevent such injuries.
A UCSF study found that patients with substance abuse-related medical conditions benefit from integrated medical and addiction treatment, leading to improved abstinence rates and reduced inpatient use. The two-year study showed no significant differences in total abstinence rates between the integrated and independent care groups.
A new research project aims to investigate the process of adjustment to working life and retirement among a group of male and female workers over four decades. Researchers will analyze original data from the 1960s and conduct in-depth interviews with 200 retired workers to explore changes across their working lives.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics create miniature chip that achieves Bose-Einstein condensation, replacing bulky machines with reduced power consumption. The new technique enables integration of multiple components on a single chip, paving the way for innovative devices and applications.
A team of chemists at Amsterdam University has created an environmentally-friendly pesticide that can effectively combat potato cyst nematodes. The new substance is a derivative of solano-eclepin A, which was first identified in 1992 and has a complex molecular structure containing seven rings.
A new study proposes that helper T cells serve as a critical switch for killer T cell activation and tolerance. The researchers found that the presence or absence of these helper T cells determines whether killer T cells will attack or retreat from virus-infected and cancerous cells.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine discovered a molecular switch in CRF by replacing a single amino acid, allowing for the development of selective CRF-like agonists and antagonists. This breakthrough has potential applications in treating anxiety disorders.
The University of Houston's Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center has developed 15 new technologies, published over 450 scientific papers, and received $80 million in research funding. Researchers have also spun off two companies, one producing infrared lasers and the other commercializing a new type of electric wire.
Larsen has successfully increased chemistry enrollment at Kearney High School from 45 to over 300 students. Her individualized approach and innovative teaching methods have been credited as key factors in this growth.
Researchers studied brain lesions in children with tuberous sclerosis complex and found autism results from complex brain events, not single source. Biochemical abnormalities in outer layer of the brain impacted communication skills, while subcortical changes led to stereotypical behaviors.
Researchers found four mental health factors beyond depression that predict suicidal behavior in individuals with panic disorder, including overall anxiety level and fear of losing one's mind. The study suggests that these additional factors contribute to the development of suicidal thoughts, even when depression is present.
Researchers discovered two plant-derived chemicals that reduce damage from simulated strokes in cultured mouse brain cells. These PARG inhibitors could lead to a new class of stroke drugs, targeting the enzyme Poly-ADP-Ribose Glycohydrolase.
Researchers found that low-income mothers who experienced depression and/or obesity reported their preschool children watched an average of two hours of TV per day. Children exposed to these conditions spent less time outdoors. The study highlights the need for caregivers to examine how maternal well-being affects child activity levels.
Researchers suggest that mechanical forces play a crucial role in shaping the developing heart, which could help scientists better understand heart defects. By studying the bending and rotation of chicken embryos, researchers have found that cellular contraction is driven by at least two different mechanical forces.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison professors finds that juggling work and family roles improves health for single and married women, as well as men. The research also shows that high levels of role satisfaction are associated with low levels of depression and anxiety.
A new test for anaemia in young children in tropical countries has been found to improve their health and growth. The test uses a simple method involving filter paper and sample cards to determine iron deficiency, reducing the risk of malaria.
Researchers discovered a melodic cue that allows speakers to pause briefly without interrupting each other, increasing speaker continuation rates by up to 91% in grammatically complete sentence fragments.
Researchers Dorret Boomsma, Hans Clevers, Bert Meijer, and Hans Oerlemans were awarded for their pioneering work in human behavioural genetics, the discovery of cancer causes, molecular architecture, and icecap dynamics. Their findings have significant implications for our understanding of intelligence, anxiety, and climate change.
Modern wind turbines equipped with power electronics converters can boost voltage and stabilize mains voltage, even in the absence of wind. The technology uses reactive power compensation to adjust voltage without significant energy loss.
The study, conducted by Virginia Tech researchers, analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. It found that regular soft drink consumption was not associated with dental cavities among adolescents, young adults, or older adults.
Researchers investigated bosentan's effectiveness in treating patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Bosentan improved cardiopulmonary haemodynamics and reduced pulmonary artery pressure in patients compared to placebo.
A team of scientists discovered a small, faint galaxy at 13.4 billion light-years using the Hubble Space Telescope and Keck Telescopes. The galaxy, with a mass of just a few million times that of our Sun, is thought to be one of the earliest building blocks of galaxies.
Pat Roberts recognized for strengthening K-12 science education, promoting increased civilian and defense research funding. He established advisory committees and introduced bills improving math and science teaching quality.
A Virginia Tech student has made significant discoveries about air bubbles in drinking water, which can interfere with treatment processes and lead to pathogen contamination. The research is being used to identify problems at two California water treatment plants and has the potential to prevent water-borne diseases.
Research finds UK public sector workers are losing access to training opportunities due to work intensification and contracting out. This decline in training is expected to impact job motivation, particularly among low-paid workers.
The American Chemical Society has awarded U.S. Sen. Jeff Bingaman for his dedication to advancing science, particularly in the areas of energy and education. He has championed double-digit funding increases for key scientific agencies, ensuring a reliable and environmentally responsible energy supply.