The FEL center is exploring applications in laser surgery, producing monochromatic X-rays for sharper images, and characterizing proteins through heat-induced release from gels. Researchers have successfully performed human surgeries using the FEL beam.
A systematic overview of 22 trials found that preoperative radiotherapy reduces local recurrences by half compared to surgery alone, with a third reduction in postoperative radiotherapy. Fewer patients who received preoperative radiotherapy died from rectal cancer, but early deaths increased.
New research from the University of Pennsylvania suggests that physiology, particularly the vagus nerve, plays a role in gender differences in food choices. Studies found that women exhibited diminished vagally-mediated hormonal and gastric responses to food compared to men, which could explain why women tend to prefer healthier foods.
Female mice displayed higher sensitivity to amphetamines before and after puberty, differing from male mice who showed no changes, according to a study published by the American Physiological Society.
Researchers have identified a novel mechanism for activating G-proteins without external stimulation, which supports cellular polarity in asymmetrically dividing cells. This discovery has significant implications for understanding disease mechanisms and developing novel therapies.
A new study simulates the Atlantic Ocean floor's movement over millions of years, predicting that it will plunge beneath the North American continent. The process is expected to take around three million years, triggered by water seeping into offshore rock and making it softer.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that nearly half of people receiving antiretroviral treatment for HIV-1 developed clinical adverse effects, while 27% experienced laboratory adverse effects. The authors emphasize the need for postmarketing surveillance to improve tolerability of anti-HIV-1 treatment.
A multidisciplinary team has successfully created through-bond electrical contacts with single molecules and achieved reproducible measurements of their conductivity. The breakthrough resolves a decades-long problem in understanding the electrical properties of small numbers of molecules.
Theoretical physicists at UB have developed a system that can reduce the amplitude of physical impact by 95-98 percent, and harness dissipated energy into usable thermal energy. The research has potential applications in bridge, ship, and building protection, as well as harnessing energy from natural phenomena.
Researchers find that hormonal manipulation has no effect on virus responses in female rodents, suggesting genetic differences may be involved. In contrast, castrated male rats exhibit female-type responses to hantavirus infection.
Research by Harriet Hanlon explores how neural networks process language skills in boys and girls, finding differences in brain connectivity that impact reading abilities. The study suggests a balanced approach to language instruction can benefit both sexes.
Research suggests that estrogen replacement drugs can modify vein function in ways that increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Studies using adult female pigs found that hormone replacement therapies containing estradiol and SERMs altered cellular processes in veins, leading to changes in diameter, relaxation, and coagulation.
A 30-million-year-old lemur fossil, Bugtilemur mathesoni, found in Pakistan's Bugti Hills provides a rare glimpse into the evolution of strepsirrhine primates. The discovery sheds new light on the origins of lemurs and their close relatives, the lorises.
Researchers at NHLBI discovered that women with LAM have a high rate of meningiomas, a surprising finding that has implications for diagnosis and treatment. The study suggests using MRI scans to screen for tumors and avoiding progesterone in affected patients.
Ocean fertilization could remove carbon from the atmosphere but poses risks to global oceans. MIT prof Sallie Chisholm argues that large-scale implementation is not a solution to climate change.
The E-Screening Pilot Program uses electronic screening to check a moving vehicle's weight, height, safety history and tax/registration status. Cleared vehicles bypass weigh stations while those flagged 'at risk' are directed in for closer inspection.
A study published by Harvard University Medical School found that during a woman's menstrual cycle, estrogen levels may shield them from cocaine's brain-altering effects. The findings suggest progesterone and testosterone enhance cocaine-induced vasoconstriction, while estrogen may blunt its vascular effects.
Researchers describe how sodium ions control electron hole migration through DNA, potentially initiating damage to genetic coding. The study suggests that water molecules, sodium ions, and DNA backbone work together to regulate electrical charge transport.
Researchers have discovered a new source of information to aid in weather forecasting, leveraging shifts in stratospheric winds to predict surface weather two months in advance. The study reveals that changes in the stratosphere can influence storm tracks and extreme cold events in the Northern hemisphere.
Estrogen controls lymphocyte formation and replenishment of the immune system by binding to hormone receptors found only in rare "precursors" within adult bone marrow. This discovery reveals that various kinds of stem cells may differ between fetal and adult life, protecting the fetus's immune system from estrogen-related compounds.
A systematic review of 11 studies from sub-Saharan Africa found that 75% of women underwent caesarean sections for maternal reasons, with prolonged labour and placental abruption being common causes. The authors suggest a need for improved obstetric guidelines to reduce mortality rates.
Researchers found significant susceptibility for thyroid autoimmune disorders and Type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with DQ2 alleles, primarily transmitted from fathers to affected daughters. Hormonal factors may also regulate this interaction, as observed in the transmission of disease to pre- and postpubertal individuals.
A recent study by UC Santa Barbara scientists found that sexual reproduction outperforms asexual reproduction in terms of progressive evolution and genetic diversity. This is because sexual reproduction allows for greater genetic variation and mixing, which accelerates the accumulation of beneficial mutations.
Using six years of beetle population data, researchers improved modeling tools for explaining fluctuations in animal numbers. The study found that combining different models and considering lattice effects can provide a more accurate understanding of population patterns.
A new study suggests that lowland deforestation may be robbing mountain cloud forests of critical cloud cover, threatening their survival. Breaking up deforested land into a mosaic of uses can help restore cloud formation.
Cornell University has been awarded a grant to develop the core infrastructure for a national online science library. The system will collect information from hundreds of sources in various formats and provide access via the World Wide Web.
Researchers investigated how men and women's livers respond differently to chronic ethanol consumption. The study found that female rats' ability to activate protective genes was impaired compared to males, increasing their risk of liver damage when exposed to the same amount of alcohol.
A meta-analysis of 27 trials involving over 136,000 people found that lowering high blood pressure is the most important effect of all drug treatments, with little difference between various drugs used. The study's results support the importance of detecting and treating raised blood pressure to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found that men exhibited a decrease in coordination during exercise-induced hypoxia, whereas women showed an increase. Conversely, women had lower ventilatory responses to hypoxia compared to men.
A powerful molecular motor enables the virus to pack its DNA under high pressure, compacting it nearly 6,000 times its normal volume. The motor generates an enormous force of 57-60 picoNewtons, enough to lift six aircraft carriers.
Researchers investigating cumulative effect of maternal cocaine use on infants' mental development, examining interactions with environment, family violence, and substance co-use. The study aims to understand how children develop self-regulation and control impulses.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered that a combination of Vitamin E and aspirin can significantly delay the development of atherosclerosis in mice with high cholesterol levels. The study found that the production of plaque in blood vessels was lowered by over 80%.
A recent study has identified a protein called Akt1 that promotes the growth and increase in size of pancreatic β cells, which can help prevent or treat type 2 diabetes. The researchers found that mice bred to produce excess Akt1 protein were more tolerant of glucose and resistant to diabetes.
Researchers found that prion diseases adapt slowly to new species through a prolonged process, making early detection difficult. The study also showed that the disease can spread rapidly in new hosts under specific conditions.
Researchers found Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) regulates tumor growth by suppressing MMP9 activation, which promotes angiogenesis. The discovery could lead to new treatments targeting malignancies by cutting off the blood supply to tumors.
C. elegans has a large number of genes due to its genetic makeup and the need for robust development and morphology. The worm's ability to fend off bacteria and other microorganisms in its soil environment is also thought to contribute to its high gene count.
A unique 5-year study will enroll 105,000 people, including two-thirds African-Americans, to identify key factors contributing to cancer development. The Southern Community Cohort Study will explore lifestyle and genetic factors linked to cancer disparities in the southeastern US.
The study found that estrogen receptors are more widely expressed in the brain during fetal and neonatal periods, influencing brain development. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment decreased brain estrogen receptor levels, leading to changes in ventilation and body growth in male and female rats.
This study reveals sex hormone effects on body fluid regulation and blood pressure, with men showing greater plasma AVP sensitivity to hypertonic saline infusion. This increased sensitivity is associated with higher systolic pressure, pulse pressure, cortisol levels, and sodium retention.
The center investigates factors that predispose elderly patients to hospitalizations due to medication errors, as well as sociological and organizational causes of medication errors among physicians. Its research focuses on reducing internal bleeding and kidney failure caused by medication errors.
Researchers from Bell Labs have created molecular-scale organic transistors that can rival silicon transistors in performance. The breakthrough could lead to thousands of times more transistors being squeezed into the same space as today's circuits.
A study by Professor Partha Dasgupta suggests that world poverty is far worse than traditional indicators like GNP per capita or HDI. This is because these measures fail to account for the depletion of natural capital, such as commercial forests and water, which are underpriced or free to those who use them.
Research reveals women exhibit a greater decrease in arterial pressure during recovery, with reduced cardiac output and lesser increases in vascular resistance. Engaging light activity supports arterial pressure, regardless of gender.
The Antarctic seafloor core suggests that Earth's orbital oscillations may be the key to controlling ice ages. The core shows regular intervals of ice sheet advances and retreats during a 400,000-year period, matching Milankovitch cycles.
A large study found that antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may reduce the risk of heart attacks in smokers by 65%. The study also suggests that SSRIs may work by thinning blood and preventing clotting, similar to aspirin.
Researchers investigating immune system response to serious injury, including genetic elements, in hopes of identifying proteomic and genomic markers that could predict patient risk. The team also aims to develop standard operating procedures for treating burn and trauma patients.
Rutgers University has received significant funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for its information technology research projects. The university's computer science and engineering departments are among the recipients, with projects focused on pervasive computing, smart messages, and data analysis.
A new specialty license plate will fund whale research in Florida waters, with $25 registration fees going towards conservation efforts. The license plate will be unveiled at a ceremony in Destin, Florida, on October 17th and is expected to raise funds for whale-related research and conservation.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill have discovered the chemical mechanism behind 'skunky beer' caused by light-sensitive hop compounds called isohumulones. These compounds break down into free radicals when exposed to light, producing a skunky thiol molecule with an extremely low taste and smell threshold.
Researchers found that infected individuals can transmit HIV to others through a single sexual encounter, often before developing flu-like symptoms. The study emphasizes the importance of not engaging in unsafe sex and highlights the need for early intervention to prevent rapid epidemic spread.
Researchers found a link between higher levels of antibodies neutralizing toxins and better kidney function in patients after heart surgery. The study suggests potential interventions to protect kidneys from endotoxins released by bacteria during surgery.
The Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) will share digital magnetic resonance images and advanced 3-D microscope images using high-bandwidth networking technologies. Researchers can study linkages between animal models of human diseases and data from patients suffering with these diseases.
A new bacteria test has shown promise in detecting contaminated platelets before they are used for transfusion, reducing the risk of severe illness and death. The Pall BDS system measures oxygen levels in a sample obtained from a platelet unit, indicating bacterial contamination and allowing for safe disposal.
Researchers at Gladstone Institute discover HIV can infect naïve T cells, explaining how T-cell numbers diminish and leave the body susceptible to opportunistic infections. Infected naïve cells die, eliminating immune system's ability to respond to opportunistic infections characteristic of AIDS.
The Center for Informal Learning and Schools (CILS) aims to prepare leaders in informal science education, conduct research, and provide professional development opportunities. Researchers will examine innovative methods of science teaching and design creative learning environments.
A recent Mayo Clinic study suggests that the full-length mutant protein is responsible for toxicity in Huntington's disease, challenging traditional theories of clip-and-release. This new understanding may lead to more effective therapies by targeting the aberrant interactions of the mutant protein.
A team of UNC researchers has made a significant discovery about the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in remyelination, the process by which nerve cells regain their natural fatty sheath. The study found that this cytokine plays a critical role in white matter repair and induces the production of nerve precursor cells.
Researchers found motor vehicle crashes cause 82% of traumatic fetal deaths, with young mothers aged 15-19 at highest risk. The study suggests incorporating fetal deaths into data systems and conducting prevention research to reduce crash risks.
A recent study found that women who worked the graveyard shift had a 60% increased risk of breast cancer compared to those who did not work nights. The risk also increased with each additional hour of graveyard shift work.
Researchers found that 60% of patients received first-line antibiotics and had a 90.1% success rate, while those who received second-line antibiotics had a similar 90.8% success rate but were more expensive.