Researchers studied how angle of riblets on pipe affect fluid flow, finding that diverging riblets speed up airflow by reducing turbulence. This study may also aid biologists in understanding the function of pit organs on sharks.
A study found that religious service attendance is associated with lower rates of binge drinking in non-Jewish college students, but not in Jewish college students. In contrast, being religiously Jewish and having a stronger sense of Jewish identity are linked to lower levels of alcohol consumption.
A multicenter study identified a positive association between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and a serotonergic receptor gene variant. This genetic phenotype may represent an early onset risk factor for the disorder, suggesting age of onset should be considered in molecular genetic studies.
A new study by UT Southwestern researchers found that acetaminophen overdoses are the leading cause of acute liver failure in the US, affecting 39% of patients. The three-year study also revealed that most cases were unintentional and affected mostly women.
Dr. Ferrara's ongoing laboratory research aims to develop improved therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease, a common complication of bone marrow transplants used to treat leukemia and other cancers.
A study analyzing Boston smallpox case records found that young patients, those unvaccinated, and those with severe disease had the lowest survival rates. In contrast, a college student study on echinacea found no effect on cold symptoms, highlighting the need for more research into its efficacy.
A recent study found that African-American menthol smokers had higher cotinine levels than white menthol smokers, despite similar daily cigarette consumption. The researchers suggest that cigarette preference, not ethnicity, may be the cause of this difference.
A study of 1000 postmenopausal women who survived a first heart attack found no difference in recurrent heart attacks or cardiac death between those given oestrogen therapy and placebo. The study provides insufficient evidence to alter current guidance against HRT for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Researchers developed new techniques to improve both quality of life and surgical outcomes for patients with oral cancer. The study involved 43 patients, who received tongue reconstruction after half or more of the tongue was removed.
A new gene therapy approach has been shown to virtually eliminate cancerous tumors in mice by boosting their immune systems. The treatment, which blocks a key immunosuppressor called TGF-beta, resulted in 70-80% survival rates in mice with melanoma and prostate cancer.
A survey of 51 individuals handling human remains after the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing found minimal post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms two years later. Factors such as social support, debriefing, and medical experience were linked to resilience in body handlers.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a new approach for treating gliomas by engineering neural stem cells to deliver a cancer-killing protein. The treatment, known as NSC-TRAIL, successfully tracked and destroyed glioma cells in mice, while sparing normal brain tissue.
Researchers found activated platelets can deposit pro-inflammatory factors on monocytes and vessel walls, contributing to atherosclerotic lesions. The study suggests that targeting platelet P-selectin may be an effective way to limit the formation of these lesions.
Researchers identify XOR as essential for enveloping milk fat droplets with phospholipid bilayer. Heterozygous XOR-mutant females fail to secrete milk fat, leading to premature involution of mammary gland and lactation insufficiency.
Scientists have developed a new mouse model of lipoatrophic diabetes, which reveals the genetic pathway underlying the disease. The study also suggests that leptin therapy may be effective in treating humans with lipoatrophic diabetes.
A new study found that EEG biofeedback therapy significantly reduced ADHD symptoms in children by altering brain wave patterns. The treatment was particularly effective in reducing slow brain waves and improving attention deficit.
Researchers have successfully used Non-Contact Ultrasound (NCU) to inactivate bacterial spores, opening up potential for sterilizing mail, medical equipment, food, and more. The technology uses high-frequency sound waves to penetrate materials without causing harm.
Cardiff University academics predict a new foot and mouth disease outbreak due to inadequate funding and lax regulations. The report criticizes the government's handling of previous outbreaks, including 'horribly cruel' slaughtering practices.
Researchers at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station have discovered a promising new treatment for eliminating mistletoe from urban trees. The plant hormone has shown to be effective in controlling up to 90% of mistletoe infestations, with potential applications for widespread use across the United States.
Bees that follow dance language with distance and direction information collect more food than those following disoriented dances. This effect is strongest during the winter season and helps ensure colony survival.
A Phase II clinical trial has shown that an hemoglobin raffimer may be effective in reducing the need for transfused blood during heart surgery. The study found that patients treated with the agent experienced no significant negative side effects, except for elevated blood pressures, which were manageable.
Experts agree that inheritable genetic modification (IGM) can improve human health, social life, and access to medical technologies. However, they also emphasize the need for fair decision-making processes, informed participation of stakeholders, and consideration of moral and religious perspectives.
Researchers discovered that tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells alter their traits and become responsive to Herceptin and other HER-2 targeted drugs. A new GlaxoSmithKline drug, GSK572016, shows promise in shrinking tumors resistant to both tamoxifen and Herceptin.
A study by Lynette Kvasny and Eileen Trauth finds that technology skills alone do not bridge the digital divide for underrepresented groups. Social and cultural barriers, including institutionalized biases, limit access to IT careers.
The church was founded on a cliff top due to its patron saint's martyrdom, but was soon hit by two earthquakes, a flood, and a landslide. Analysis suggests it may be the unluckiest church in the world.
Researchers investigate how warmer waters impact the interaction between sand shrimp and juvenile winter flounder, finding that increased water temperature allows more sand shrimp to survive and prey on vulnerable young fish. The study aims to understand the effects of global warming on marine ecosystems.
New tri-metallic supra-molecules can be positioned in exact parts of cancer cells and excited by therapeutic light to kill diseased cells. The system enables precise targeting, reducing side effects of chemotherapy.
A study by Tel Aviv University and the University of Haifa found that massage therapy helps infants develop a more aligned circadian system with their mothers' night-day cycle. After 14 days of bedtime massage therapy, infants in the treatment group showed improved sleep coordination, with peak activity during early morning hours.
Scientists have found that melanopsin plays a significant role in resetting the brain clock to light, but not in visual sight. The discovery suggests that light can reset the clock even if vision is impaired, and may have implications for general well-being, mood, activity levels, and performance.
A recent study published in Health Psychology found that female bypass patients experience fewer complications when their spouses are informed of the recovery process. The study showed that male spouses who watched an optimistic video before discharge helped reduce complications and rehospitalization rates for their female partners.
A meta-analysis of over 1 million participants from 61 studies found that lower blood pressure is strongly linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular causes, including stroke and ischemic heart disease. The study suggests that even small reductions in average blood pressure can lead to significant improvements in health outcomes.
A study found that dark grape juice reduces iron availability by 67%, while light-colored juices increase uptake. Limiting grape juice or alternating with other juices is recommended for infants and toddlers to prevent iron-deficiency anemia.
A clinical trial showed that dose-dense chemotherapy regimens improved disease-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients by 7-12 percentage points. The regimens, which involve giving drugs more frequently, resulted in fewer side effects and less neutropenia compared to conventional therapy.
The genome of Ciona intestinalis, a closely related sea squirt to vertebrates, is providing clues about the origins of complex biological systems in humans. The study found similarities between Ciona and human genomes, including genes involved in immune systems and heart formation.
A new antibiotic, fosmidomycin, has been shown to be effective against the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, with rapid parasite elimination and fever reduction. Cure rates after two weeks were 89%, 88%, and 60% for treatment durations of 5, 4, and 3 days, respectively.
A team of researchers at Columbia University identified a gene called Grp that inhibits the fear-learning circuitry in the brain. The discovery reveals that eliminating this protein's activity enhances learned fear and long-term potentiation, offering new insights into anxiety disorders and depression.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that HIV increases the severity of hepatitis B infections, leading to higher liver disease-related deaths among men with both conditions. The research suggests physicians may see an increase in hepatitis B-related liver disease among the 1 million people living with HIV in the US.
Researchers at TSRI describe experiments showing Opn4 gene is crucial for maintaining circadian rhythms, enabling organisms to adapt to daily changes. The discovery may lead to strategies for correcting sleep disorders and jet lag.
A new study in Science finds a progressive increase in Arctic river discharge, which could reduce the Atlantic thermohaline circulation and impact global climate. The research also shows a correlation between increased discharge and global surface air temperature and North Atlantic Oscillation.
Researchers at University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Hospital have discovered the key mechanism behind IP3 molecule's role in setting calcium levels within cells. This finding holds promise for developing novel treatments against epilepsy by regulating calcium waves.
Researchers found that zebrafish can regenerate heart tissue with little or no scarring after a portion of the heart was removed. The study suggests that a competition between regeneration and scarring takes place in the zebrafish, with regeneration winning in most cases.
Over-the-counter nicotine patches are effective in helping smokers quit without behavioral support. The study found that active patch users were more likely to abstain from smoking for at least seven days, with 26.1% of participants achieving complete abstinence.
The CALGB 9741 study found significant improvements in disease-free survival and overall survival for women with axillary node-positive operable breast cancer treated with dose-dense chemotherapy regimens. The study showed a 26% proportional reduction in risk of recurrence and improved quality of life with dose-dense therapy.
Scientists discovered that a protein called ATR protects fragile sites from breaking during DNA replication, controlling genome stability. Fragile site breaks are common in tumor cells and near genes associated with tumors, suggesting defects in the ATR pathway may contribute to cancer progression.
Researchers confirm that melanopsin plays a crucial role in transmitting light information to the brain's circadian system. The study found that mice without melanopsin had a 40% decrease in responding to changes in light intensity, suggesting a redundant system.
Children's Hospital Boston researchers have successfully regenerated zebrafish heart muscle after injury, regenerating cardiomyocytes with minimal scarring. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of cardiac regeneration and may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for repairing human heart damage.
Paul Chirik has been recognized with the NSF's Early Career Award for his innovative work in synthetic chemistry. His research focuses on using transition metal complexes to expand the scope of chemical reactions, leading to the discovery of a new method for activating atmospheric nitrogen.
Cells utilize an enzyme called the proteasome to remove unnecessary proteins. The study found that the proteasome can independently degrade substrates involved in Parkinson's disease and some types of cancer, producing fragments reminiscent of pathological deposits in Parkinson's patients.
Researchers have successfully tracked multiple living proteins or cells simultaneously using quantum dots, overcoming limitations of traditional fluorophores. This breakthrough enables real-time observation of protein functions in natural environments, holding promise for medical applications such as understanding disease mechanisms.
A new study published by Georgetown University Medical Center found a link between worsening epileptic seizures and estrogen intake in women. Approximately 20% of women with epilepsy experienced seizures worsened when using estrogen-containing oral contraceptives.
A recent study published in the journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research has found no significant difference in leptin levels among nonsmokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers. Despite this, researchers observed a rise in leptin levels among women who quit smoking for three weeks, leading to weight gain.
The U.S. Cochrane Center at Brown University will facilitate the merger of three regional centers into a single center, expanding healthcare information and education. The new structure aims to provide high-quality information to consumers, doctors, and policy-makers worldwide.
A new study by the American Heart Association has found a significant link between tooth loss and an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Men with fewer than 25 teeth had a 57% higher risk of ischemic stroke compared to those with 25 or more teeth, suggesting that infection plays a role in stroke and heart disease.
Scientists at Dartmouth College used fMRI experiments to locate the brain region that processes musical harmony, revealing a key area in the rostromedial prefrontal cortex. This discovery may help explain why music evokes strong emotions and behaviors.
A study by the Center for Advancing Health found that regular inspections can significantly reduce diarrhea outbreaks on cruise ships. The inspection pass-fail mark of 86 percent is linked to a lower incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
A large study found a dose-related increase in hip fracture risk among older persons using inhaled corticosteroids. High-frequency oscillation ventilation improved lung function in very low birth weight babies, reducing airway damage and improving outcomes.
A four-year field study by K-State researchers found that altering rainfall patterns in a tallgrass prairie led to decreased physiological vigor of grasses, lower plant productivity, and reduced water availability. The team discovered significant reductions in carbon cycling and below-ground activity under variable rainfall conditions.
Researchers found that blue jays exhibit stable cooperation when responding to reciprocity and accumulating benefits over time. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms underlying animal cooperation.
The Purdue team has found a way to connect the interior of a computer with the biological world by using nanoparticles as a bridge. This technology could lead to advances in detecting biohazards such as bacteria, nerve gas, or other chemical agents.
A study published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research found that postmenopausal women who quit or cut back on smoking experienced a significant drop in SHBG and NTx levels, two proteins linked to bone loss. This discovery may help explain how smoking contributes to osteoporosis in this demographic.