Medical College of Georgia researchers have discovered a biochemical scaffold that enables blood pressure to remain low and heart bypass grafts to stay open. The discovery, which contradicts previous understanding, identifies the framework for how this positive health benefit occurs.
A new study from the International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm (ICON) Collaborators found that paclitaxel plus carboplatin produces similar effectiveness to other treatments for women with ovarian cancer, but with more serious side effects. Carboplatin may be considered a preferred treatment option due to its better toxicity profile.
The PPS coating system, developed by Brookhaven Lab chemist Toshifumi Sugama, shows dramatic improvements in bonding durability, resistance to wear and abrasion, and service lifetime compared to competitive coatings. The coating's self-healing properties make it suitable for use in geothermal power plants and other harsh environments.
A team of researchers, led by UMass geologist Julie Brigham-Grette, is conducting a comprehensive scientific deployment to study the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The mission aims to understand how quickly the land bridge formed or was flooded with changes in global sea level, cutting off migration routes for people and plants.
A new virtual clinic, developed by Dartmouth Medical School, aims to improve understanding of genetic testing and services among non-geneticists. The program uses interactive multimedia and expert simulations to train healthcare providers on genetics in clinical practice, working with labs and genetic counselors.
Researchers at URI Graduate School of Oceanography have been awarded a $35,000 grant from the Vetlesen Foundation to investigate pathways for transport of copepod Calanus finmarchicus and its relation to climatic variations.
Research suggests that irritable bowel syndrome is a discrete collection of organic bowel diseases, characterized by morphological, psychological, and physiological changes. Treatment options, including cognitive behavioral therapy and tricyclic antidepressants, show promise in managing symptoms.
Researchers at UW-Madison have identified genetic elements in soil-dwelling bacteria that produce potent anticancer agents. The discovery enables mass production and manipulation of these chemicals, offering a promising alternative to existing treatments.
Researchers have successfully used alfalfa plants as miniature factories to extract and store gold nanoparticles, offering a potential alternative to harsh chemical methods. The process uses the plant's natural physiological need to extract metals from its growth medium.
Researchers have successfully used alfalfa plants to extract gold nanoparticles from the soil, a breakthrough that eliminates the need for harsh chemicals. The study published in Nano Letters demonstrates the potential of using plants as tiny factories to produce gold nanoparticles.
A major NCI study reveals that long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease are twice as likely to develop a solid tumor compared to the general population. The study found that certain treatments for Hodgkin's disease increase the risk of second cancers, but effective therapies have a significant survival benefit.
Scientists have discovered a chain of cellular events that occurs in plant cells when exposed to environmental stress, ultimately leading to the production of protective proteins. The research, led by Sarah M. Assmann, found that a hormone called abscisic acid regulates the processing of RNA molecules involved in stress response.
Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania successfully transplanted testicular tissue from mice, goats, and pigs into mice, resulting in functional sperm production. This breakthrough has significant implications for preserving endangered species and developing new methods for livestock breeding.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute discovered a chemical switch called PGC-1 that can transform fast-twitch fibers into slow-twitch fibers, increasing muscular endurance. This finding could lead to the development of a new drug to manipulate muscle fiber type and improve muscular function in patients with medical conditions.
A recent study by Duke University researchers found that the Ras gene activates different signaling pathways in human cells, but not in mouse cells, to cause cancer. The study suggests a new protein target for anti-cancer drugs and highlights the differences between human and mouse cancers.
A recent study found that alcoholics experience a 'blunted' cortisol response after undergoing stressful tasks, which can lead to memory impairments. The researchers also discovered that the number of alcohol withdrawals is a strong predictor of memory deficits, but not problem-solving ability.
Researchers found that individuals with a family history of alcoholism reported greater feelings of intoxication initially, but quickly adapted and developed acute tolerance to alcohol. This suggests that genetic factors may contribute to the development of tolerance, potentially increasing drinking habits in those with a family history.
A new vaccine targets the parasite's deadly toxin, potentially providing longer-lasting protection against malaria. The vaccine has shown promise in animal trials, with mice surviving after being infected with the parasite when vaccinated against the toxin.
A study found that consuming more calories and fats may be linked to a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The research, published in the Archives of Neurology, followed 980 elderly individuals for an average of four years and recorded their calorie intake.
The Lancet neurology reviews research on migraine genetics, highlighting the challenges of identifying genes involved in the disorder. The article also examines the implications of private diagnostic testing without physician support, sparking debate about its role in advancing treatment options for neurological diseases.
Scientists identify FOXP2 gene as crucial for human language development, but theologians argue that language and culture are complex matters that may require deeper explanations. The study's findings challenge the notion that language is a uniquely human trait, sparking discussion on Catholic views of evolved body vs created soul.
Researchers followed 205 California-born children and their parents from birth to age 6, finding no evidence that bedsharing leads to sleep disorders or psychosexual development problems. The study suggests responsible bedsharing may even promote intimacy and positive relationships in childhood.
Researchers discovered a single protein that facilitates cell movement in zebrafish embryos, directing cells to form the body's head-tail axis. The protein Strabismus/Van Gogh also affects human brain development and neural tube formation.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute found that Nr-CAM expression is associated with human melanoma and colon cancer development, contributing to tumorigenesis. The gene's role in cell proliferation and tumor formation was confirmed through DNA microarray analysis and animal studies.
A new treatment approach using cisplatin/epinephrine gel has shown significant promise in treating advanced head and neck cancer. The study found that 29% of patients experienced tumor responses, with 19% achieving complete responses.
Researchers found that deer flies are drawn to bright blue color and can be effectively trapped using a 6-inch flowerpot painted with sticky spray. The traps work best when suspended three to six feet above ground and moved at slow speeds, capturing up to 30 deer flies in one minute.
Adult stem cells have intrinsic properties and respond differently to environmental signals, suggesting a new approach to repairing damaged PNS tissue without transplanting exogenous cells. The study reveals that matching the origin of the stem cell to the specific tissue being repaired is crucial for successful application.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that specific bacterial strains are associated with flare-ups of chronic lung disease. The researchers discovered that it is not the volume of bacteria, but rather the particular strain within a species, that contributes to exacerbations.
Researchers have found that COPD patients' immune systems are unable to prevent recurrent bacterial infections due to constantly changing bacterial populations in their lungs. The study's findings may lead to the development of vaccines that can keep pace with these changes, providing new treatment options for patients.
Campbell and co-investigator John Gold aim to pinpoint geographic points of origin for toxic algae using hypervariable DNA markers. They hope to predict when and where red tides may occur along the Texas coast by analyzing genetic diversity within bloom populations.
Researchers will analyze driver behavior and travel patterns to understand the impact of speed on crashes. The study aims to identify factors contributing to speeding and extreme braking, which can help inform safety enhancements for vehicles and roadways.
A study found that emotional outbursts are linked to a higher risk of dropping out of treatment, while seeking alternative rewards can help. Participants who engaged in rewarding activities not involving chemical use had lower risk of relapse and longer stay in treatment.
A study of 162 patients with binge-eating disorder found that interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) was as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating the condition. Both therapies resulted in significant reductions in binge eating and improvements in quality of life.
Researchers found that human cells use RalGEFs as primary effectors of Ras-mediated tumorigenesis, unlike in rodents. This discovery highlights the need for caution in using mice to model human disease and opens new avenues for cancer therapy targeting.
Scientists have successfully transformed sedentary mouse muscles into fatigue-resistant type I muscle fibers by introducing the PGC-1Q protein, which activates energy production and oxidative metabolism. This breakthrough discovery holds promise for treating muscle fatigue in patients and individuals confined to bed rest.
The Association for Tropical Biology honors Ira Rubinoff's vision and perseverance in defining the direction of tropical biology research. His contributions include establishing Panama's Soberania National Park, Barro Colorado Nature Monument, and promoting forest conservation.
Researchers found that patients with pre-existing dry eye were more likely to experience severe dry eye after LASIK surgery. The study suggests that proper ocular surface management can help mitigate this risk, but patients with dry eye should be warned about potential persistent symptoms.
Researchers found that 84% of patients experienced improved airways and symptoms after the laser procedure, which lasted 6-8 minutes. The cartilage recovered its shape over several weeks, providing an alternative to traditional surgery for reducing morbidity and economic impact.
Researchers have identified a toxin, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), that contributes to malaria's virulence and is now being explored for use in a vaccine. The anti-GPI vaccine has shown promise in mice, eliciting an antibody response and reducing immune reactions to the malaria parasite.
Researchers have discovered stem cells in the adult peripheral nervous system, which can persist into adulthood and give rise to thousands of neurons, glial cells, and smooth muscle cells. This finding has significant implications for understanding the development and repair of the peripheral nervous system.
A study by UCI researchers found lower levels of DARPP-32, a key regulatory protein, in the brains of people with schizophrenia. This reduction may contribute to cognitive dysfunction and social problems associated with the disease.
A study by Sandra L. Morzorati found that individuals with a family history of alcoholism exhibit greater feelings of intoxication after consuming alcohol, but adapt quickly to its effects. This adaptation may lead to increased drinking in people with a family history of the disease.
A recent study found that teenagers value honesty, nonjudgmental care, and a provider's expertise in building trust. Long-term relationships with doctors who take the time to listen and understand their concerns are essential for adolescents' medical care and well-being.
Renowned researcher Lewinsohn has made significant contributions to understanding depression in adolescents, adults, and older individuals. His work on treatment interventions continues to be widely used globally.
A recent survey by Drew Blendon reveals that healthcare costs, inadequate insurance coverage, and the cost of drugs remain major health care concerns for Americans. Meanwhile, terrorism, homeland defense, and the economy are considered more pressing issues by voters.
Researchers found a decline in genetic diversity in Tasman Bay's New Zealand snapper population, starting from the 1950s when it began to be commercially fished. The 'virgin' population showed a significant decline in six of seven microsatellite loci, raising concerns about the sustainability of commercial fishing industries.
Panek and his research team have discovered a process that leads to an almost pure form of 'handed' tetrahydropyridine, a component found in many drugs. The molecule's unusual chemical properties can control a reaction's three-dimensional orientation.
A Cornell University biochemist has developed a strategy to make tumor cells more sensitive to retinoic acid, reducing required doses and enhancing its anticancer activity. By introducing CRABP-II, a naturally occurring protein, researchers can boost RA's ability to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.
Zhang has discovered ways to use small catalysts to assemble chiral molecules, accelerating drug discovery and lowering prices. This method is crucial for AIDS drugs, particularly protease inhibitors, which generated $147 billion last year.
A review of physician communication found that female primary care physicians engage in more patient-centered and emotional talk compared to their male counterparts. Medical visits with female physicians were also longer, averaging 23 minutes per patient. The study suggests room for improvement in both genders' communication styles.
Researchers developed a model predicting increased cancer cure rates by 15-70% using genetic radiotherapy, combining radiation and viral infection. The technique makes tumor cells more sensitive to x-rays, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
A study of internal tobacco industry documents reveals that companies profited from both tobacco and nicotine replacement therapies, undermining efforts to combat smoking addiction. Researchers argue that such financial conflicts of interest should be made public to ensure greater corporate responsibility.
Researchers identified 15 BCR-ABL mutations that cause resistance to Gleevec, a common treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia. These mutations alter the enzyme's flexibility and conformation, making it difficult for the drug to bind and inhibit its activity.
A Wayne State and Virginia chemist has won a national award for his work on developing anti-parasitic compounds by mimicking the structure of sugar molecules. Researchers have learned that these molecules serve as 'ID tags' on cell surfaces, which can be used to identify target tissues and prevent infections.
A study by Oregon State University has found that changing children's attitudes towards TV violence may be easier than directly changing their viewing habits. The program, called Project REViEW, teaches kids to become television detectives and analyze logical and illogical consequences of TV events.
Luesch will receive the $45,000 fellowship to investigate new cancer drugs at The Scripps Research Institute. He completed his Ph.D. work this summer at the University of Hawaii at Manoa under Richard E. Moore, Ph.D., and will join Peter G. Schultz, Ph. D.
A new study found sertraline to be both safe and effective in treating depression among hospitalized heart patients. The trial showed a 23% reduction in life-threatening cardiovascular events, although not statistically significant, indicating potential benefits of sertraline for this population.
Grubbs's specialty is designing catalysts that can selectively target specific parts of molecules, critical for making pharmaceuticals. The award recognizes his work on improving the precision and control of these catalysts.
The Osteoarthritis Initiative will recruit 5,000 participants aged 50+ at high risk for knee osteoarthritis. The project aims to establish a natural history database for osteoarthritis, allowing researchers to identify potential new disease targets and develop tools for understanding disease progression.
The DuPont team developed the BAX system, which detects harmful bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella in just five hours, reducing reporting time by one to two days.