Researchers at Oregon State University have made a breakthrough in creating crystalline thin films at lower temperatures without the need for vacuum conditions. This advance could enable the mass production of electronic devices on plastics and facilitate cheaper production of some products.
A new study found that DEET-based insect repellents were significantly more effective than plant-based alternatives in preventing mosquito bites. The study tested 16 representative products and found that DEET-based products provided the longest-lasting protection, with some lasting up to five hours.
Researchers at UCSD create hybrid composite alloy material combining shape-memory nickel-titanium with super-elastic foams and glass beads for enhanced flexibility and resilience. The new material absorbs high-velocity impacts, potentially stopping cracks and collateral damage.
Researchers at Stanford University Medical Center have developed a gene-therapy technique that can switch off genes in mice using RNA inhibition. The method has shown promising results in reducing light production from a firefly gene, suggesting its potential use in treating diseases such as cancer and hepatitis C by deactivating virus...
A Cardiff-based team investigates the impact of genetic testing on insurance costs and behavior in the UK. They gather data on families affected by inherited diseases to determine the potential for adverse selection and its effect on insurance claims and premiums.
Muscle stem cells have shown potential in treating muscular dystrophy by differentiating into other cell types and resisting rejection, overcoming major obstacles such as low survival rates and immune system rejection. The study's findings could lead to more effective treatments for MD and other muscle-related diseases.
Researchers have developed a cancer vaccine that targets telomerase, a protein responsible for cancer cells' unlimited division. The vaccine has shown promise in encouraging an immune response in patients with pancreatic cancer, leading to longer survival rates.
The new high-resolution breast-specific gamma camera has been shown to detect more breast cancers than standard gamma cameras, with a sensitivity increase of 20% in lesions <1cm. The study used 50 women with 58 lesions and found that the new scanner detected 3 additional lesions not visible on mammography.
The CONTOUR spacecraft, launched from Cape Canaveral, will provide the closest look yet at a comet's nucleus. It will orbit Earth until August 15 before firing its main engine and entering a comet-chasing orbit around the sun.
HPV vaccination has shown high safety and efficacy, inducing high antibody titers against papillomaviruses. Hepatitis B vaccination is also highly effective in preventing chronic infection, with a 95% effectiveness rate in children.
The National Science Foundation is launching four new institutes to bolster mathematical research and education. The institutes will focus on interdisciplinary collaboration and data-driven scientific challenges, with an emphasis on underrepresented groups.
Researchers discovered that an inactivated chickenpox vaccine may prevent healthy elderly people from developing shingles and protect transplant recipients against viruses and bacteria. The vaccine boosted memory T cells to mount an attack during the transplant and recovery, reducing shingle risk.
Researchers found significant effects of air pollution on children's lung function growth rates, with acid vapor showing the most consistent effect. A separate study found no association between antibiotic use in early life and asthma development at age 5.
A new study by Duke University researchers found that even small degrees of malalignment in knee surgery patients can cause dramatic alterations in pressures within the joint. Proper alignment is crucial for preventing future development of severe arthritis.
The University of Colorado at Boulder has been selected by NASA to build two instruments for a satellite that will probe polar mesospheric clouds. The $92 million mission, Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM), aims to study these clouds and their role in the Earth's atmosphere.
A new needle-free device called J-Tip has been successfully used to administer hormones to women undergoing IVF treatment. The device enabled the retrieval of eggs from 16 out of 20 women, resulting in four pregnancies. Patient acceptance was high, with diaries indicating a clear preference for the needle-free approach.
Research suggests African HIV subtypes exhibit higher fitness in protease inhibitors due to natural mutations, leading to faster therapy failure. The findings support broader focus on HIV drug development beyond the B subtype.
A US team found that most healthy couples conceive within two years, and fertility in women declines as early as the late 20s. The study suggests delaying assisted reproductive techniques until a couple has failed to conceive naturally for 18-24 months.
The ACP-ASIM published 'Osteoporosis' guide provides the latest scientific evidence on osteoporosis and essential information on its origins and progress. It addresses every facet of osteoporosis, a common disease that can be identified through non-invasive tests and treated with new effective drugs to reduce fractures.
Researchers found that women who survived childhood leukemia had smaller ovaries with fewer follicles, but their ovaries appeared to function normally. The study suggests that female childhood cancer survivors with an apparently normal menstrual cycle might have a shortened reproductive span.
A long-term study of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with heart disease found no reduction in heart attack risk and increased blood clot risk. The therapy also showed a higher risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery.
A study found that smoking significantly decreases the success rates of assisted reproduction procedures in both IVF and ICSI. The number of pregnancies among couples receiving IVF treatment was lower when the male partner smoked, with women's egg retrieval capacity also reduced.
A vaccine has been shown to delay symptoms of prion brain disease in mice by inducing an immune response and producing antibodies. This breakthrough could potentially lead to a therapeutic response and prevent the disease in animals at risk.
Researchers compiled a list of 46 phytoplankton species potentially toxic to humans and marine life, highlighting the need for monitoring programs. The study's findings emphasize the economic cost of harmful algae blooms and their potential impact on global climate modification.
A study finds that PSA testing led to a 29% and 44% overdiagnosis rate among white and black men, respectively. The increased incidence was partly due to unnecessary biopsies and side effects from treatment.
Researchers have successfully generated intense electron beams from carbon nanotubes to produce high-quality X-rays. The technology offers advantages such as reduced heat generation, increased resolution and cost-effectiveness.
A team led by Tim Kusky has discovered the world's first large intact pieces of oceanic mantle from the planet's earliest period, dating back 2.5 billion years. The findings suggest that plate tectonics began shifting more than 500 million years earlier than previously believed.
Researchers found that environmental oestrogens, such as genistein and nonylphenol, stimulate sperm development and motility, while natural oestrogen has no effect on capacitated sperm. This suggests a different mechanism of action for environmental oestrogens, which could have negative effects over time.
A Wake Forest study shows that monkeys who drink heavily develop signs of liver disease, including oxidative damage and fatty liver, mirroring human conditions. The research aims to develop diagnostic procedures for humans using a similar animal model.
Researchers found that individuals who slept for 12 hours showed significant improvement in motor skills, with an average 20% increase in performance. This is due to the brain's ability to consolidate learning during Stage 2 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
Researchers found that power naps of 30 minutes or more can prevent burnout and improve performance on tasks, with longer naps boosting performance even after waking. This is due to slow wave sleep, which refreses neural networks involved in the task, allowing for enhanced learning and restoration of perceptual performance.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a new type of nanofilter that can selectively separate proteins and DNA molecules based on their size. The filter uses electrostatic screening to 'open' or 'close' pores, allowing for controlled separation of similar-sized proteins.
The Norwegian Cancer Society's project has made significant strides in improving rectal cancer treatment, resulting in a 30% increase in five-year post-operative survival rates since 1999. The project aims to raise quality at hospitals whose results are still not good enough by improving surgery techniques and patient examination prior...
Researchers have identified organosulfur compounds, such as ADT, as effective in preventing lung cancer progression. Vitamin B12 analogues also showed promise in targeting chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, while aminopeptidase inhibitors may help restore apoptosis in leukemia cells
Purdue researchers are working on a $1 million project to control carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by using U.S. farmland. The goal is to trap plant residue carbon in soil and reduce the country's annual contribution to carbon dioxide, which could offset up to 20% of projected emissions.
A study found that hereditary BRCA1 and BRCA2 ovarian cancers have similar gene expression profiles to sporadic ovarian cancers. The research suggests shared molecular mechanisms between hereditary and sporadic ovarian carcinogenesis exist.
The International Federation of Fertility Societies (IFFS) has joined the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in condemning Italy's restrictive fertility proposals. The legislation allows only three oocytes to be inseminated at a time, leading to concerns over multiple pregnancies and premature births.
The University of California, Davis, has received a $1.9 million grant to support math graduate students' career development. The VIGRE program will provide fellowships and stipends for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral researchers, to help them secure jobs in the software and computer industries.
Scientists have discovered a new method to inhibit HIV replication using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), a type of RNA interference technology. Researchers demonstrated the effectiveness of siRNAs in human cells, showing promise for novel HIV treatments.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry found that specific genetic markers on chromosome 2 are associated with severe depression in women, but not in men. This discovery suggests important differences in the molecular basis of clinical depression between sexes, which may contribute to varying treatment responses and symptoms.
A study of 835 public-housing residents in Baltimore found that strong religious and social support were key 'protective' factors against suicidal thoughts, with 90% reporting comfort from religion. These findings may inform interventions to prevent suicide among older African Americans.
The Community Climate System Model, version 2 (CCSM-2) is a new computer model that will help scientists understand the Earth's climate system. It has increased capabilities allowing for more detailed climate projections and will be used to produce improved simulations of average climate and climate variability.
A team of Ohio State University researchers has drilled the longest ice core from a mountainous glacier, measuring 460 meters long and reaching back thousands of years. The discovery suggests that Mount Churchill may not have been the source of a massive volcanic ash deposit in the region.
A recent review by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology found that while there is a slightly higher risk of major birth defects after ICSI and IVF, the absolute risk is small. Additionally, new research has shown that ICSI children have normal development by the time they start school.
A new study found that mothers of children born via surrogacy arrangements show warmth and emotional involvement, similar to those in naturally conceived families. Both parents also exhibit better parenting skills, while the babies' temperament remains unchanged.
A study highlights advances in probability sampling and question precision to improve survey accuracy. Poor sampling methods can lead to biased results, emphasizing the need for high-quality implementation.
A new herbicide-resistant maize technology has been developed to combat Striga hermonthica, or witchweed, which infests approximately 20-40 million hectares of farmland in sub-Saharan Africa. The method, tested for over ten crop seasons, shows promising results, increasing yields up to four-fold in fields highly infested with witchweed.
A new study confirmed air pollution is associated with slower lung function growth in children, compared to areas with cleaner air. Lung function growth was found to be about 11% lower in the most polluted community.
Researchers investigate active Archaean plate tectonics based on features in ultramafic blocks within oceanic crust remnants. Additionally, studies explore eukaryotic stromatolite builders' impact on Precambrian iron formations and atmospheric oxygenation.
The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology reports a trend towards more effective and safer treatments in Europe, with a reduction in embryos transferred per cycle. This has led to increased pregnancy rates despite higher multiple births.
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) advises women at low risk for breast cancer to avoid taking drugs like tamoxifen or raloxifene. Women at high risk, however, should have open discussions with their doctors about the benefits and risks of these medications.
Fampridine-SR shows promise in reducing spasticity and improving bladder, bowel, and sexual function in patients with chronic SCI. The Phase 3 trial enrolls 360 patients at leading clinical centers in the US and Canada.
A study found that over 90% of patients experienced significant improvement in GERD symptoms after gastric bypass surgery. Patients also saw a decrease in medication use, including proton pump inhibitors and histamine 2 blockers.
Agricultural plastics, such as mulch films and nursery pots, are difficult to recycle due to their varied types and dirtiness. Penn State researcher James Garthe has developed a method to convert these plastics into plastic nuggets that can be burned with coal, producing energy 20 times greater than conventional recycling methods.
A study found that certain alleles or genotypes of the CNR1 gene may confer a susceptibility to schizophrenia, especially of the hebephrenic type. The presence of specific polymorphisms in the CNR1 gene was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia.
Scientists have sequenced the genome of Chlorobium tepidum, a green-sulfur bacterium that performs photosynthesis in the absence of oxygen. The analysis reveals strong similarities between its metabolic processes and those of Archaea, suggesting a possible duplication of genes involved in photosynthesis.
A new radium isotope, radium223, has shown promise in treating skeletal metastases with less damage to bone marrow compared to traditional treatments. The isotope is incorporated into skeletal tissue via osteoclasts and emits radiation that kills cancer cells, providing pain relief and potentially improving quality of life.
A new study suggests that medications like tamoxifen and raloxifene could potentially lower the risk of breast cancer in women at high risk. These drugs have shown to decrease the likelihood of breast cancer by up to 50% in some cases, but they also carry side effects such as blood clots and hot flashes.
Researchers studied Paleocene-Eocene syncontractional sedimentation in east-central Tibet, numerical modeling of fluid flow in Utah, and syndepositional thrust-related deformation in a Central Colorado trough. The findings provide insights into the geological evolution of these regions.
A world-first study reveals that solo mothers opting for donor insemination are coping well and their children are functioning normally. Despite initial controversy surrounding single women's access to DI, the research shows no difference in parenting quality or child behavior between solo and married mothers.