The study found that mortality from melanoma remained relatively stable in Scotland between 1979 and 1993, with a slight decrease in women under 65. Meanwhile, the number of people diagnosed with melanoma has increased each year. The researchers attribute the decline in death rates to improved treatment seeking behavior.
Researchers have identified 22 genes essential to the operations of the body's internal clock, which synchronize behavior and physiology with a near 24-hour cycle. The study found that these genes influence the expression of other genes throughout the body, controlling behaviors like sleep and wakefulness.
A study by van Walraven and Bell found that patients released on Fridays are more likely to die or be readmitted within 30 days. The authors suggest that delays in social services or incomplete discharge information may contribute to this increased risk.
A new program will bring together experts to discuss criteria for selecting stem cell lines and address concerns over safety, transplant rejection, privacy, genetic diversity, and public access. The project aims to anticipate emerging issues and provide a reasoned backdrop for policy decisions.
General Motors researchers have developed a new generation of automobile plastics using molecule-size mineral fillers like clay. The new nanocomposites are stronger, lighter, and offer more design flexibility for automakers.
A study found that customizing HRT education materials can personalize risk versus benefit for individual women, increasing their confidence in decision-making. The intervention helped women accurately perceive their breast cancer risk and weigh its benefits against HRT.
A new laser-imaging system could detect tumors not visible on mammograms and predict benign or malignant growths, reducing unnecessary biopsies. The technology uses light to produce a 3D image of the breast's interior, promising to be a valuable diagnostic tool.
Researchers found that abnormal E-cadherin presence in cervical lesions can prevent abnormal cells from being collected during testing. This could explain why four in 10 Pap smear results come back negative despite biopsy findings showing abnormalities.
A strong primary care system is crucial for a nation's health, with countries boasting robust systems showing the most favorable health indicators at young ages. Strong primary care is particularly important for children, as it significantly impacts postneonatal mortality rates and low birthweight.
Yochum has received the Regional Award for Contributions to Diversity for her efforts to promote women's participation in science. She has established scholarships and programs to encourage female students from underrepresented groups to pursue STEM careers.
Research suggests that wives' full-time employment increases marital stability, contrary to common assumptions. The study found no negative impact on marital happiness but a decrease in risk of subsequent marital disruption.
Researchers have made breakthroughs in open string theory, revealing connections between five distinct versions and investigating the properties of four-dimensional D-branes. Mathematical research has demonstrated that strings can only move along specific lines or surfaces in group spaces, paving the way for further study.
A new study found that estrogen combined with calcium and vitamin D supplements improved jaw mass and density in postmenopausal women, reducing the risk of tooth loss. The study also showed that estrogen had a significant impact on bone mineral density in other parts of the skeleton.
The article highlights the significant impact of behavioral factors on various diseases, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and asthma. Research shows that negative emotions can lower immunity, while stress and depression can provoke the release of hormones that affect immune function.
A new project at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is using an innovative 'soap opera' format to teach Spanish to health professionals. The program, called "A su salud!", combines language development and cultural awareness with health content focusing on Spanish-speaking immigrants.
A study found that Actonel significantly slows deterioration in trabecular bone microarchitecture after just one year, while a placebo had no such effect. This suggests that protection of bone microarchitecture may play an important role in bone health.
A study published at the Endocrine Society meeting found elevated cortisol levels in cerebrospinal fluid of child-bearing-aged women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), a condition affecting 5% of reproductive-age women. Cortisol levels were higher than those in circulating blood, suggesting stress impacts more than fertility.
Researchers have discovered high levels of mercury contamination in the Still River and Housatonic River in Danbury, Connecticut, threatening human health through seafood consumption. A 'jubilee' phenomenon has also been recorded in Mobile Bay, Alabama, where abundant seafood is harvested during specific conditions.
Researchers analyzed historical placebo control data with Actonel treatment for osteoporosis, revealing a significant reduction in new vertebral fractures. The study found that once-week treatment with Actonel reduced the risk of new vertebral fractures by 77% at one year.
A new analysis shows that Actonel reduced the risk of nonvertebral osteoporotic fractures by 74 percent within one year in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The effect was observed as early as six months, and the study included 1172 patients who received either placebo or Actonel 5 mg daily.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have found evidence that adult bone marrow-derived cells can differentiate into cells of all three embryonic germ layers, similar to embryonic stem cells. These multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) show potential for treating genetic and degenerative disorders without tumor formation.
A recent study published in Child Development found that public schools should not be required to teach religious or character values. Older children and adults believed these values should be taught at the discretion of individual teachers and schools, rather than being mandated by law. In contrast, younger children were more likely t...
A study led by REI investigators found that testosterone gel replacement significantly improved sexual motivation and performance, reduced fat mass, and increased lean body mass in hypogonadal men. The treatment was also found to increase bone mineral density and cause minimal skin irritation.
A study of 77 twin pregnancies found that women who chose to continue their pregnancy despite a hydatidiform mole experienced a 40% chance of a successful outcome. This choice was associated with a relatively small chance of serious obstetric complications and did not increase the risk of developing malignant disease.
Research found that adults consuming at least 3 servings of fruits and vegetables daily had a 27% lower stroke incidence and 42% lower stroke mortality rate compared to those with low or moderate intake. Regular exercise, no smoking, and low dietary cholesterol also contributed to cardiovascular disease prevention.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have developed a germ cell line derived from spermatogonia, offering a basic tool for studying male infertility and testicular cancer. This cell line exhibits characteristics of normal adult spermatogonial stem cells and differentiates into advanced germ cell types upon stimulation.
Photonic crystals, which can act as tiny optical components for managing photons, may enable the development of miniaturized optical components and circuits. The new technique could accelerate computing to the speed of light by reducing the size of optical components.
The 'What's That Stuff?' column in Chemical & Engineering News is one of five top sites recognized by Scientific American for informative and engaging chemistry content. The column has been widely shared among scientists, students, educators, and industry professionals, who appreciate its ability to make everyday materials fascinating.
A study on twin pregnancies with a hydatidiform mole found that women who continue the pregnancy have a 40% chance of a successful outcome. The risk of serious obstetric complications is relatively small, and malignant disease does not appear to increase in this group
Researchers found less racial variation in female preventive services than expected, with some disparities closing and disappearing. Having a usual source of care significantly boosted the chances of receiving screening for conditions like breast cancer and cervical cancer.
Abnormalities in the mouth, like swollen gums and oral sores, can signal serious medical conditions. Regular oral exams can detect signs of nutritional deficiencies and systemic diseases.
Dlott and colleagues used mid-infrared lasers to excite hydroxyl stretching vibrations in alcohols, then probed with visible light to monitor energy flow. The study found that energy transfer occurs through bond interactions, increasing speed by about 400 femtoseconds for each methylene group.
Students from Middle Atlantic states won a science essay contest with articles on shrinking doctors to nanobot size, genetically modified healthy chocolate, and new materials that can smell. The winners received $300 US Savings Bonds in each category.
A new analysis reveals that early intervention with Actonel significantly reduces the risk of first vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. The study found a 75% decrease in fracture risk among women treated with Actonel, compared to those on placebo.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo found that estrogen can suppress production of pro-inflammatory components, reducing atherosclerosis risk. Estrogen may help explain why women have lower heart disease risk until menopause.
A new study suggests that Btx-B may be effective in treating face wrinkles, with a faster onset of action but shorter duration compared to type A. The low-dose study found that patients injected with Btx-B experienced rapid wrinkle reduction within 48 hours, but the effect did not last as long as type A.
A brain-imaging study found that obese individuals have enhanced metabolic activity in specific regions involved in sensory processing of food. This suggests a heightened sensitivity to food palatability, potentially driving overeating in obese individuals.
Researchers created antibodies that recognize and attach to cancer-fighting drug molecules, separating them from unwanted compounds. The 'smart membrane' technology could replace expensive chromatography methods, promising faster and more efficient drug production within five to 10 years.
Adaptive optics systems are expanding ground-based astronomy capabilities, enabling unprecedented views of the universe. The technology has already produced eightfold improvements in image quality at observatories like the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii.
A new study found that anastrozole improved disease-free survival and was better tolerated than tamoxifen, a current standard treatment. The ATAC trial also showed no additional benefit from combining both drugs.
A new study found that anastrozole improved disease-free survival and was better tolerated than tamoxifen. Anastrozole may be a viable alternative to tamoxifen for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
A randomized trial found that lean ground beef fortified with soybean phytosterols lowered plasma total cholesterol by 9.3%, LDL cholesterol by 14.6%, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol by 9.1% in 4 weeks. This study suggests a lower-fat alternative for lowering CVD risk.
Researchers found that inhaled corticosteroids significantly improved disease symptoms and reduced patient exacerbations in a double-blind study of COPD patients. However, ICS treatment had no effect on major inflammatory cell types or lung function in this advanced COPD population.
A study by Princeton University researchers found that rats who binge on sugar exhibited telltale signs of withdrawal, including 'the shakes' and changes in brain chemistry, when the effects of the sweets were blocked. This suggests that sugar may trigger production of the brain's natural opioids, leading to addiction-like behavior.
A new clinical trial, led by Scott Waldman, aims to determine if a test for the protein guanylyl cyclase C can accurately diagnose colorectal cancer spread. The test may improve diagnoses and treatment outcomes by detecting tiny amounts of cancer in lymph nodes.
A new molecular study challenges the long-held idea that Pfiesteria piscicida, a toxic algae, causes coastal fish kills and health problems. The study found no evidence of complex life cycle stages or neurotoxin associated with fish kills.
A study of 181 patients who had a heart attack found that 35% had impaired glucose tolerance at discharge, while 40% developed it three months later. High fasting blood glucose concentrations and abnormal glucose levels in red blood cells were also associated with impaired glucose metabolism.
A population-based study found nearly half of women screened for osteoporosis were undiagnosed, while half with the condition didn't receive treatment. Factors influencing therapy included lower bone mineral density and higher education.
A study published in Science found that the brains of outgoing people react more to happy faces than those of shy individuals. The research focused on the amygdala, a pea-sized area of the brain associated with emotion and memory, and found that high extraversion scores were linked to increased amygdala activation to happy faces.
A study of 181 patients with acute myocardial infarction found that nearly 40% had impaired glucose tolerance at discharge and 31% had undiagnosed diabetes. The risk factors were independent predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance, suggesting a need for screening tests after heart attacks.
Researchers have successfully transplanted embryonic stem cell-derived neurons into a rat model for Parkinson's disease, reducing disease symptoms and establishing functional connections. This breakthrough finding suggests that embryonic stem cells may be useful for treating PD and other brain diseases.
Researchers are using adaptive optics to study microscopic structures in human eyes, improving diagnosis of retinal diseases like macular degeneration and glaucoma. AO-based devices also enable precise measurement of optical aberrations, leading to customized contact lenses and guided laser surgery.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that black students believe teachers treat them worse than other racial groups and are more likely to be suspended from school. These perceptions can lead to a negative attitude towards education and the pursuit of conventional occupations in Canadian society.
Climate change is disrupting natural ecosystems, making life better for infectious diseases, says a team of experts. Warmer temperatures are causing disease outbreaks in coral reefs, oyster populations, and bird species, as well as increasing the spread of mosquito-borne illnesses like Rift Valley Fever.
The African HIV-1/AIDS epidemic is reaching catastrophic levels, with significant implications for the region's healthcare infrastructure. Co-existing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), malaria, and tuberculosis further complicate the situation, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions to mitigate these consequences.
African American women are at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency due to darker skin and limited sunlight exposure. Research suggests that even with adequate supplements, many African American women still suffer from hypovitaminosis D.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have identified a protein called SSPase that plays a critical role in regulating natural killer cells, which attack foreign or mutated cells. The discovery provides insights into how the immune system works and how viruses and cancer try to evade it.
Victor Nizet's award-winning research focuses on understanding the production of toxins by group A and B streptococcus in children, shedding light on potential treatments and disease prevention strategies. His work also explores anti-microbial peptides and the mechanism behind group B strep's ability to cause meningitis.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have discovered a key link between high cholesterol and the development of Alzheimer's disease. Elevated cholesterol levels increase the production of beta amyloid protein, leading to brain cell death and characteristic plaques found in Alzheimer's brains.
The Dartmouth Institute for Security Technology Studies has released a report detailing the technology hurdles faced by cyber crime investigators. The report identifies seven areas of concern, including log analysis, internet protocol tracing, and emerging technologies, to aid in combating cyber attacks.