A long-term study of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with heart disease found no reduction in heart attack risk and increased blood clot risk. The therapy also showed a higher risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery.
A study found that smoking significantly decreases the success rates of assisted reproduction procedures in both IVF and ICSI. The number of pregnancies among couples receiving IVF treatment was lower when the male partner smoked, with women's egg retrieval capacity also reduced.
A vaccine has been shown to delay symptoms of prion brain disease in mice by inducing an immune response and producing antibodies. This breakthrough could potentially lead to a therapeutic response and prevent the disease in animals at risk.
Researchers compiled a list of 46 phytoplankton species potentially toxic to humans and marine life, highlighting the need for monitoring programs. The study's findings emphasize the economic cost of harmful algae blooms and their potential impact on global climate modification.
A study finds that PSA testing led to a 29% and 44% overdiagnosis rate among white and black men, respectively. The increased incidence was partly due to unnecessary biopsies and side effects from treatment.
Researchers have successfully generated intense electron beams from carbon nanotubes to produce high-quality X-rays. The technology offers advantages such as reduced heat generation, increased resolution and cost-effectiveness.
A team led by Tim Kusky has discovered the world's first large intact pieces of oceanic mantle from the planet's earliest period, dating back 2.5 billion years. The findings suggest that plate tectonics began shifting more than 500 million years earlier than previously believed.
Researchers found that environmental oestrogens, such as genistein and nonylphenol, stimulate sperm development and motility, while natural oestrogen has no effect on capacitated sperm. This suggests a different mechanism of action for environmental oestrogens, which could have negative effects over time.
A Wake Forest study shows that monkeys who drink heavily develop signs of liver disease, including oxidative damage and fatty liver, mirroring human conditions. The research aims to develop diagnostic procedures for humans using a similar animal model.
Researchers found that individuals who slept for 12 hours showed significant improvement in motor skills, with an average 20% increase in performance. This is due to the brain's ability to consolidate learning during Stage 2 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
Researchers found that power naps of 30 minutes or more can prevent burnout and improve performance on tasks, with longer naps boosting performance even after waking. This is due to slow wave sleep, which refreses neural networks involved in the task, allowing for enhanced learning and restoration of perceptual performance.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a new type of nanofilter that can selectively separate proteins and DNA molecules based on their size. The filter uses electrostatic screening to 'open' or 'close' pores, allowing for controlled separation of similar-sized proteins.
The Norwegian Cancer Society's project has made significant strides in improving rectal cancer treatment, resulting in a 30% increase in five-year post-operative survival rates since 1999. The project aims to raise quality at hospitals whose results are still not good enough by improving surgery techniques and patient examination prior...
Researchers have identified organosulfur compounds, such as ADT, as effective in preventing lung cancer progression. Vitamin B12 analogues also showed promise in targeting chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, while aminopeptidase inhibitors may help restore apoptosis in leukemia cells
Purdue researchers are working on a $1 million project to control carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by using U.S. farmland. The goal is to trap plant residue carbon in soil and reduce the country's annual contribution to carbon dioxide, which could offset up to 20% of projected emissions.
A study found that hereditary BRCA1 and BRCA2 ovarian cancers have similar gene expression profiles to sporadic ovarian cancers. The research suggests shared molecular mechanisms between hereditary and sporadic ovarian carcinogenesis exist.
The International Federation of Fertility Societies (IFFS) has joined the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in condemning Italy's restrictive fertility proposals. The legislation allows only three oocytes to be inseminated at a time, leading to concerns over multiple pregnancies and premature births.
The University of California, Davis, has received a $1.9 million grant to support math graduate students' career development. The VIGRE program will provide fellowships and stipends for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral researchers, to help them secure jobs in the software and computer industries.
Scientists have discovered a new method to inhibit HIV replication using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), a type of RNA interference technology. Researchers demonstrated the effectiveness of siRNAs in human cells, showing promise for novel HIV treatments.