Sir Richard Peto and Sir Richard Doll have been pioneers in mapping the health hazards caused by smoking, with their study identifying a link between smoking and various causes of death. Their research has led to a huge body of knowledge reinforcing anti-tobacco efforts.
A study of younger and older children with phenylketonuria (PKU) reveals significantly poorer adherence to recommended dietary controls in older children, affecting blood phenylalanine levels. Biochemical control can be challenging even in young patients, emphasizing the need for improved treatment options.
Researchers found that selective fishing practices can lead to dramatic changes in fish size, affecting growth rates and productivity. They propose rethinking minimum size restrictions and establishing no-take reserves to manage fisheries sustainably.
Regular physical exercise can significantly improve physical and mental health in breast cancer patients, reducing fatigue and weight gain. Physical activity may also extend survival rates by improving immune function and hormone levels.
A recent study in rural Uganda found a significant decline in HIV-1 incidence rates between 1990 and 1999, with a notable decrease in the second half of the decade. The reduction was particularly pronounced among men aged 20–24 years and women aged 13–19 years. This finding suggests that targeted interventions may be effective in slowi...
A randomized clinical trial found that exercise reduced estradiol and estrone levels in postmenopausal women, particularly those who lost body fat. The study suggests that exercise may play a role in reducing the risk of breast cancer by lowering estrogen levels in older women.
New findings from the Heart Protection Study (HPS) reveal substantial benefits of statins among high-risk patients, including those with normal or low blood cholesterol levels. The study found a significant reduction in death rates from heart attack and stroke, with simvastatin also showing well-tolerated benefits.
A study identified three gene expression patterns correlated with survival after chemotherapy, which outperformed the International Prognostic Index. The patterns revealed aspects of tumor biology affecting treatment response, including immune system involvement and tumor cell division.
Researchers at Stanford University found that briefly disrupting a single mutant gene can permanently alter the course of cancer. The study, led by Dean Felsher, used a gene called MYC to induce cancer cells to revert to normal bone cells after treatment was stopped.
A pilot study in Uganda found that patients with advanced HIV disease can survive and thrive with antiretroviral therapy. The program implemented an effective system for medical care and drug distribution, resulting in improved adherence to treatment and better virologic responses.
Researchers at Dartmouth have discovered a novel photoreceptor protein that absorbs light and regulates the circadian rhythm. The protein, White Collar-1, is part of a genetic system that can be exploited to develop new drug delivery systems for treating fungal diseases.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered the protein White Collar –1, or WC-1, as the photoreceptor for light responses in fungi. This breakthrough finding sheds light on how life adjusts to the environment and has implications for understanding various physiological processes in fungi.
A new study reveals a small-brained Homo erectus individual from Georgia, raising questions about the role of brain size in human migration. The discovery, part of a rich fossil collection, suggests that other factors may have contributed to the ancestors' exit from Africa.
A new study reveals that statins can cut the risks of heart attacks and strokes in people with diabetes, narrowed arteries, or a history of stroke. The findings recommend changing guidelines to consider statin use for anyone at increased risk of heart disease, regardless of cholesterol levels.
Researchers at Oregon State University have made a breakthrough in creating crystalline thin films at lower temperatures without the need for vacuum conditions. This advance could enable the mass production of electronic devices on plastics and facilitate cheaper production of some products.