A new study shows that a vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus possesses the immunological strengths of a human adenovirus vaccine without its drawbacks. The vaccine, developed by researchers at The Wistar Institute, has been shown to be effective in mice against rabies and other viruses.
Researchers at Stanford University and the University of Durham report a surprising observation in a hydrogen-exchange reaction, where a tiny proportion of H2 molecules is flying off in an unexpected direction. This finding suggests more than one mechanism by which H and D2 come together and react.
A large Norwegian study found that nearly half of people experiencing gastrointestinal complaints, including nausea, also suffer from anxiety disorders. The study suggests that primary care physicians should not overlook depression and anxiety as potential diagnoses for patients with nausea.
The UN has launched a new handbook to track nonprofits globally, providing a permanent framework for the sector's economic impact. The handbook aims to accurately define the size and scope of nonprofit institutions, crucial for understanding their role in democracy and society.
The study defines web communities as collections of pages with more links within than outside, and uses a maximum flow framework to efficiently identify them. Communities are found to be highly relevant and topically related, with applications in search engines, directories, and content filtering.
Researchers have determined the mechanism that draws immune system's B cells toward T cells, needed to launch an antibody response after exposure to foreign antigen. The discovery highlights the role of chemokine receptors in guiding B cell movement, which may underlie a range of cellular movements in embryonic development.
Bacteria use transporters to pump iron into cells, a process that could be exploited for new antibiotic designs. Researchers deciphered the structure of an iron transporter and found it undergoes dramatic changes when transporting iron.
A cross-sectional study of 493 married couples in Thailand found that HIV transmission from men to women is significantly linked to increased viral loads among HIV-positive men. Women who had previously contracted an STD or used hormonal contraceptives were also at higher risk of transmission.
The University of Washington has established a new center to combat deadly microbial pathogens, which threaten human health worldwide. Researchers will focus on developing treatments and vaccines for diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pathogenic protozoa, and other infectious agents.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have identified a new protein called Interleukin 24 (IL-24) that is expressed in colon cancer cells and promotes cell growth or prevents cell death. The discovery could lead to the development of molecules to interrupt an autocrine loop, potentially fueling tumor growth.
Researchers analyzed NOAA data on solar radio bursts to determine their impact on cellular communications. They found that bursts of 1,000 SFU occur on 10-20 days per year, causing disruptions every 40-80 days or several times a year.
Two new faculty members at UC Davis have been awarded Sloan Fellowships for their groundbreaking research. Marie Burns studies the G-protein cascade in light-sensitive cells, while Alexander Soshnikov explores the applications of random matrix theory in pure statistics and mathematical physics.
Templeton's analysis reveals human population expansions occurred between 420,000 and 840,000 years ago and 80,000 to 150,000 years ago. Genetic interchange between populations has occurred throughout history, contradicting the idea of replacement events.
Two studies found that eating breakfast can reduce susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections, including colds and flu. Volunteers who reported multiple illnesses were less likely to eat breakfast and consume alcohol, suggesting that psychosocial factors play a role in illness susceptibility.
The new antigen microarrays can diagnose diseases on the first visit, enabling clinicians to pinpoint specific antigens under attack in autoimmune diseases. The arrays also aid in designing effective treatments tailored to individual patients, bypassing the entire immune system.
A study by Dr. Jennifer Grandis and colleagues identified a protein associated with lung cancer also expressed in head and neck cancer, leading to potential therapeutic strategies. The researchers found increased GRPR expression in head and neck cancer tissues compared to healthy controls.
Researchers at Stanford University study hydrogen atom collision with deuterium molecule, finding product travels in opposite direction than expected. The results suggest a more complex process involving multiple reaction mechanisms.
Late-stage prostate cancer unresponsive to hormone therapy due to hypermethylation of estrogen receptor genes. A new study suggests that demethylating agents could restore effectiveness of hormone therapy by reversing methylation.
Scientists at UCLA have developed a new technique that enables them to analyze the molecular composition of ancient fossils, providing conclusive evidence for their biological origin. The study's findings confirm that the oldest known fossils are made of organic matter similar to living microbes.
A Johns Hopkins University senior has conducted original research that sheds new light on the identity of a 400-million-year-old organism. By comparing the fossil to modern relatives, the student found that the ancient specimen's chemistry more closely resembles that of lichens than previously thought.
New study suggests that coffee's antibacterial properties, particularly trigonelline, may reduce S. mutans colonization and prevent tooth decay. Roasted coffee samples showed higher inhibitory activity than green unroasted beans.
The Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) has returned to full-time science operations after a guidance system fix. Scientists and engineers used electromagnets to push and pull on the Earth's magnetic field, achieving sub-arcsecond pointing stability and unlocking nearly half the sky for observations.