Researchers at Vanderbilt University have identified a distinct pattern of protein expression that can predict poor or good lung cancer prognosis. The protein profile was used to analyze tiny amounts of tumor tissue and accurately distinguish between different types of lung cancer.
The study found that up to half of hospital-acquired infections are preventable and that many hospitals lack adequate resources to prevent these infections. The research highlights the need for improved infection control measures to protect patients and staff.
Researchers surveyed 183 households in five Mayan refugee camps, finding high prevalence of anxiety and depression among respondents. The study highlights the devastating effects of trauma and living in refugee camps on mental health, particularly among women.
Research suggests that early hominids lived in a more cooperative society than previously thought, with minimal sexual dimorphism and cooperating male behaviors. This challenges the idea of fierce competition among primates and instead reveals a social structure similar to modern humans and chimpanzees.
A study published in Psychosomatic Medicine found that women have higher levels of anxiety after a heart attack compared to men. The researchers also discovered that both men and women under age 60 reported higher anxiety levels, while older individuals experienced lower anxiety due to their expectation of illness.
Scientists at NIAID and USAMRIID developed a prime-boost vaccine strategy that protects monkeys from Ebola infection. The boost alone shows promise in offering quick but weaker immune response.
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) has announced the selection of nine Professorial Fellows, renowned scholars in their field, to pursue groundbreaking research. The fellowships aim to free these top researchers from administrative duties, allowing them to focus on producing high-quality research.
A recent study published in NEJM found that hormone replacement therapy does not effectively slow down the progression of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women who already have cardiovascular disease. The study suggests that estrogen and progestin may not be effective in treating established coronary artery disease.
Researchers found that specific cells in the bird's brain become 'tuned' to what the bird is learning, responding strongly to familiar songs and motifs. The study suggests that experience modifies the brain to highlight important motifs, allowing birds to recognize individual songs.
Researchers found that FOXO plays a role in reducing the number of cells in developing fruit flies when insulin signalling is not present. This suggests that FOXO inhibits cell division to control body size.
A study published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology found that nearly 3.2 million women aged 50 and older in the US suffer from debilitating dry eye syndrome, which can lead to scarring, ulceration, and loss of vision. The disease is more common in women than men, with Hispanic and Asian women experiencing more severe symptoms.
Health food store employees frequently advise customers on unproven products for breast cancer treatment, raising concerns about patient safety. The high cost of these products, up to $600 per month, is also a significant burden on vulnerable patients.
Researchers measured the polarization of light emitted by supernova 2001el, detecting slight flattening at peak brightness, and later spherical symmetry. This discovery helps validate Type Ia supernovae as standard candles for cosmology.
Research suggests that cervical cancer vaccines may be less effective in women who are ovulating, due to fluctuations in antibody levels triggered by sex hormones. The study found higher antibody levels during the proliferative phase and lower levels around ovulation.
Consuming phytoestrogens found in plant foods like soy is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. Imiquimod has been shown to induce apoptosis in skin cancer cells, while an integrin polymorphism may increase cancer progression. The study on breast cancer survivors also found increased numbers of circulating T lymphocytes.
Researchers from Lehigh University and other institutions have found evidence suggesting that erosion and tectonic processes are contributing to the growth of the Himalayas. The study uses short- and long-term measurements, including seismological, geomorphic, and GPS data, to understand the geological processes at play.
The presentation highlights the impacts of major water restrictions and efforts toward community communication during severe droughts. Researchers explore the management of freshwater inflow criteria for affected regions, examining vulnerability to aquatic resources and allocation of water resources in South Africa.
The UNC-led trial is the first human test of an HIV vaccine pioneered at UNC. The vaccine targets cells in lymph nodes and induces an immune response by expressing a small section of genetic material from HIV, aiming to protect against disease if exposed. Researchers hope to refine the vaccine for subsequent generations.
A University of North Carolina study found that infant boys born to younger mothers and non-white mothers are disproportionately affected by shaken baby syndrome. The research estimated 306 child deaths per year from the condition, highlighting the need for increased awareness and preventive interventions among healthcare providers.
A new screening tool called STEPP helps predict posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children after a traumatic injury. The tool assesses event-related factors, physiological reactions, and psychological responses to identify at-risk children, allowing for early referral and intervention.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed an optical control technique that can enable the production of new types of microfluidic devices without etching channels. By using lasers to create complex patterns of varying-intensity light on a substrate material, differential heating can be achieved, resulting in thermocapillary action an...
Researchers have found that areas burned in forest fires may support more and healthier dogwoods due to increased light, heat, and airflow. Fire could potentially impede the spread of the fatal disease, dogwood anthracnose, by removing fungal-friendly conditions.
The UC Berkeley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology is conducting a new wildlife survey in Yosemite National Park, following the same transect as Joseph Grinnell and Tracey Storer's landmark survey between 1914 and 1920. The team aims to gather baseline data for comparison with historic species abundance and distribution.
A study by March of Dimes found that funded junior scientists were more likely to publish and contribute to scientific discoveries. The organization's grant program successfully invested in talented researchers who went on to make significant contributions.
The American Dietetic Association asserts that access to adequate nutrition is a fundamental human right, and that hunger continues to affect millions worldwide. The organization supports programs combating hunger and malnutrition, promoting food security and self-sufficiency.
Researchers found that a paclitaxel combination improved median and long-term survival rates for patients with early-stage SCLC. The treatment also reduced side effects compared to standard chemotherapy.
Recent research by Purdue University scientists suggests that the first building blocks of life were left-handed and that a single amino acid called serine set the standard eons ago. This led to all living things evolving using only amino acids of the left-handed variety, forcing other biological molecules to follow suit.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the behavior of materials at quantum critical points, a stage where materials change phases. The new classification system has shed light on the relationship between quantum criticality and high-temperature superconductivity.
Scientists tested a synthetic earthquake on a half-real building with conventional and simulated steel support columns. The experiment, called the 'Multi-Site Online Simulation Test,' used grid-linked machines to create a realistic simulation of an earthquake, producing a profusion of real-time data.
A new study from Penn State found that couples who lived together before marriage reported less happiness and more marital conflict than those who did not. The researchers suggest that personal characteristics and cohabitation experience play important roles in predicting marital quality and stability.
Researchers are using mobile radar to track wind patterns in Montana wildfires, enabling more accurate predictions of fire behavior and helping firefighters fight fires more efficiently. This technology has the potential to transform wildland fire monitoring and improve public safety.
Scientists discovered two green tea compounds, EGCG and EGC, that inhibit the aryl hydrocarbon (AH) receptor, a molecule linked to cancer. The findings suggest that green tea may exert its anti-cancer activity through multiple pathways.
Researchers have discovered a gene mutation associated with an eye disease that resembles age-related macular degeneration. The study, led by Michigan Medicine scientists, has found that the mutation in RDS can be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, affecting central vision and leading to permanent loss of vision.
A new study found that global warming can increase soil moisture in grasslands by up to 10% due to plant death and subsequent water retention. Researchers at Stanford University discovered this unexpected outcome despite climate models predicting drier conditions.
Researchers discover that estrogen deficiency triggers immune system activation, leading to increased T cell proliferation and bone loss. This finding could lead to the development of new drugs that prevent postmenopausal bone loss without affecting reproductive organs.
Florida manatees face a deadly threat when water cools to 68 degrees Fahrenheit, leading to physiological events that weaken their immune systems. The discovery of cold stress syndrome's causes could improve treatment for affected manatees and inform plans to minimize power plant shutdowns' impact.
New research suggests that hot spots on Mars could be the key to finding signs of water and life on the planet. The study, led by Dr Hoffman, compares similarities between Antarctica's Mt Erebus ice towers and potential Martian structures, proposing a new focus for the search.
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 45 leadership studies found that women tend to use transformational leadership styles, which produce better worker performance and effectiveness. Women scored higher than men on one measure of transactional leadership and were more likely to be mentors and empower workers.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common among older men, affecting one-third of men aged 53-90, with increasing age being a significant risk factor. Modifiable health behaviors such as physical activity and leanness are associated with maintaining good erectile function.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have identified two enzymes in Methanococcus jannaschii that may predate the cell's use of ribosomes to build proteins. These discoveries provide insight into how peptides were formed before ribosomes, expanding our knowledge of gene function and the evolution of life.
A panel study will be conducted with 2,500 individuals across the nation, followed by interviews every three years until they reach age 65. The study aims to explore how religion and ethnicity shape social change and community development in the US.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded a nearly $5 million grant to the University of Pittsburgh's McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine. The project aims to develop tissue-engineered treatments that can help patients with heart failure regenerate their own components and repair damaged heart muscle.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center found that retinoids killed medulloblastoma cancer cells, both surgically removed and grafted onto mice. The compounds trigger cell death by activating a protein called BMP-2, which is critical for cell death in the nervous system.
Research finds exotic earthworms alter forest composition, reducing sugar maple seedling cover and plant species richness. Sedge species overpopulates, becoming difficult to control.
Researchers from Fox Chase Cancer Center have discovered a rare genetic mutation in PBGS enzyme, resulting in a drastic structural rearrangement. This change can lead to the production of new protein complexes and potentially develop novel herbicides or antibacterial agents.
A study finds nearly four percent of US adolescents report PTSD symptoms, while 7.4% experience major depression and 8.2% substance abuse/dependence. Interpersonal violence increases risk for these mental health disorders in adolescents.
A study reveals that elderly humans and patients with Alzheimer's disease exhibit increased T cell reactivity towards Abeta, a protein linked to the aging process. This selective increase in Abeta-reactivity has implications for developing Abeta vaccines and may be connected to disease susceptibility and progression.
Researchers identified a new gene, inversin, associated with nephronophthisis type 2, a deadly kidney disease in children. The discovery may lead to treatments and connections between the childhood disease and adult polycystic kidney disease.
Research suggests that a mutation in a tyrosine kinase receptor gene, when combined with aml1-eto gene mutation, can cause acute myeloid leukemia in mice. This discovery raises the possibility of new treatments targeting these genes to control the disease.
A new theory suggests that human metabolism operates like a pinball machine, influencing drug toxicity and disease development. The researchers used metabonomics to study global human metabolism and its interactions with drugs, environment, and gut microflora.
A new study finds that NASA's Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) can detect habitable planets near significantly more massive stars than the sun. The satellite will use interferometry to measure the position of stars and detect tiny wobbles caused by orbiting planets.
A recent study of 4,320 schoolchildren found that stress leads to unhealthy dietary habits, including a preference for fatty foods and snacks, while ignoring recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables. This could have long-term consequences, such as increased risk of obesity, heart disease, and Type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
Researchers found that physicians who cared for patients for longer periods experienced stronger emotional reactions, especially among female doctors. The study highlights a need for medical education systems to address emotions related to patient deaths.
A lawyer warns US physicians that treating detainees labeled as 'unlawful combatants' may go against their ethical code. The 1949 Third Geneva Convention entitles these prisoners to basic human rights, but the US government's label is unrecognized in International Humanitarian Law.
Researchers measured DNA's torsional stiffness, finding it 40% more resistant than previously reported. This breakthrough enables understanding of energy costs and mechanical behavior in biological processes.
Scientists have identified a signal that triggers half of the stem cells in the developing brain to commit suicide at a certain point in development. This finding may one day help victims of devastating brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke by understanding cell death and potential recovery mechanisms.
A new study found that sexually active young women perceive themselves at low risk for contracting STDs, despite having similar risk profiles as women in higher-risk groups. The researchers highlight the need for healthcare clinicians to address these misconceptions and promote safer sex practices.
A study by Duke University Medical Center scientists shows that feeding pregnant mice common nutritional supplements can change the coat color of their offspring and reduce disease susceptibility. The extra nutrients altered gene expression without changing the genes themselves, using a process called DNA methylation.
The revised standards recommend systems to remind physicians and patients of immunization due dates, regular monitoring of immunization rates, and financial aid for those who cannot afford vaccination costs. These strategies aim to improve childhood and adult immunization coverage.
Researchers found that 8 out of 20 commonly used NSAIDs can selectively lower Abeta42 levels in mice, with flurbiprofen showing the most promise. Additionally, studies revealed increased T cell reactivity to Abeta protein in older humans and patients with Alzheimer's disease, which could inform the design of future vaccines.