A study found that three-quarters of biological activity in oceans relies on a single nutrient-rich water circulation pattern in the Southern Hemisphere. This discovery helps settle a longstanding question about ocean fertility and raises questions about potential impact of climate change.
Researchers at TU Vienna and Clausthal have discovered a new material, strontium titanate, that can be used as a gate oxide to overcome the miniaturization limit of transistors. The material's electrical properties can be controlled by chemical processes at the interface, enabling the design of even smaller and more efficient transistors.
Researchers found that infants with reduced interferon gamma production at age 3 months and lower soluble CD14 levels at birth are 4.5 times more likely to develop recurrent wheezing. Chronic cough is also linked to abnormal release of inflammatory mediators within the airway, according to a separate study.
Researchers at MCG are studying Campylobacter jejuni to understand its effects on the human body. They aim to develop a vaccine and improve prevention methods for this bacterial infection, which causes bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain in millions of Americans each year.
The University of Chicago's dust instrument will help estimate particle collection during the Stardust spacecraft's rendezvous with Comet Wild 2. Scientists expect analysis to provide new insights into solar system formation, while also searching for signs of life on Mars.
This issue of the January 2004 Ophthalmology journal presents a range of studies on LASIK complications, including night vision issues and corneal epithelial adhesion abnormalities. Researchers also explore various eye diseases, such as retinal tears, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.
A study published in NEJM finds a link between a specific gene variant and increased risk of atherosclerosis. Researchers discovered that individuals carrying the ALOX5 gene variant are more susceptible to cardiovascular disease when consuming n-6 polyunsaturated fats, but can reduce their risk by eating n-3 fatty acids.
A new primate fossil find in Asia has sparked debate about the origins of humans, with some scientists arguing that early primates were nocturnal. The fossil, Teilhardina asiatica, is smaller than modern primates and had sharp tooth cusps indicating an insect-eating diet.
A recent study has discovered how calorie restriction activates a specific gene called SIR2, leading to increased longevity in yeast and potentially other organisms. The researchers found that a decrease in the levels of NADH allows NAD to better activate Sir2, resulting in extended life span.
A study of nearly 1,500 couples found that valacyclovir reduced HSV-2 transmission by half, with couples using condoms and valacyclovir having the lowest transmission rate. This finding adds an important option in managing genital herpes, particularly for those who are sexually active.
Scientists discovered bacteria in deep drill holes on Earth, suggesting similar conditions exist on Mars. The findings imply that microorganisms can thrive in extreme environments, increasing the chances of life existing beyond our planet.
Researchers at OHSU discovered a novel compound called STX that activates a rapid signaling pathway in nerve cells, providing an alternative to estrogen replacement therapy. The new compound shows promise in alleviating menopause symptoms and may be more effective than existing treatments.
Research suggests children who witness violence or hear reports of it exhibit similar levels of behavioral issues as those directly affected, with a small effect observed for personal closeness to victims.
Researchers have demonstrated that carbon nanotube transistors can enhance electrical signals, potentially improving performance of consumer electronic devices. The discovery is based on the principle of stochastic resonance, which claims that noise can improve signal detection.
Stephanie Novak, a doctoral candidate at Washington University in St. Louis, developed a novel model to determine classification of a new species based on skeletal differences. The Archosaurian Morphospecies Concept found that Postosuchus from different locations were part of the same species.
A comprehensive DNA analysis of 744 healthy volunteers has identified 49 distinct genetic variants associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. These variants were found in specific ethnic groups and may impact diagnosis and testing for long QT syndrome, particularly among minority patients.
Scientists use Raman spectrometer to analyze minerals, gases and liquids on the sea floor, tracking carbon dioxide levels and distinguishing between gas and liquid forms. The device could potentially trap carbon dioxide in clathrate hydrates, a promising method for climate change mitigation.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified an anthrax toxin inhibitor that could lead to more effective therapy for the deadly agent. The discovery, made using a 'mixture-based peptide library' technique, reveals new approaches to design better inhibitors that might prove effective in clinical use.
The Office of Naval Research is developing new materials to increase the survivability of future Marine Corps vehicles. Six contractors have developed new material concepts, with three selected for Phase 2 contracts. Lightweight high-strength composite materials and embedded sensors will be integrated into a vehicle demonstrator.
The Navy is using microorganisms to produce a key missile propellant, butanetriol, which could reduce production costs and environmental impact. The process involves modifying bacteria to convert sugars into the synthetic material, allowing for a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative.
Scientists have developed a method that uses allicin, found in garlic, to selectively kill cancer cells in mice. The method involves injecting an antibody and enzyme combination that targets specific receptors on cancer cells, triggering the production of lethal allicin molecules that destroy tumors while leaving healthy cells intact.
Researchers identified a genetic master switch that controls bacterial consumption of chitin, a key component of ocean debris. The discovery sheds light on the process by which bacteria break down tough material and turn it into food, preserving ecological balance in the ocean.
The Navy is testing a blog as part of the Defense Acquisition Incentive-Net Centricity (RAI-NC) initiative to speed up the exchange of information on new defense technologies. The pilot program, developed by Traction Software, enables users to post proprietary data and distribute general information among team members.
A novel model of human brain aging identifies midlife breakdown of myelin as a key factor in the onset of Alzheimer's disease later in life. Lifestyle changes, hormone replacement therapy, education, and treatment with common medications may help prevent myelin degradation.
Researchers have identified a potential inhibitor of anthrax toxin, which could lead to more effective therapy for the deadly agent. The study's findings suggest that combining antibiotics and protease inhibitor drugs may provide a cost-effective solution for treating inhalational anthrax.
Cedars-Sinai researchers found a link between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and insulin resistance in Mexican-Americans. The study used precise diagnostic tests and genetic analysis to identify two LPL haplotypes associated with high or low levels of insulin resistance.
Researchers discovered glycosylation enhances MIG-17 action, guiding gonad cell migration; deficiency causes abnormal gonad development. Glycosylation defects may also impact ADAM-family protein functions, leading to human diseases.
Researchers discover protein CPEB uses prion properties to strengthen synaptic connections, enabling long-term memory storage. The finding challenges traditional views of prions as toxic and suggests they may play a key role in fundamental processes.
Scientists at University of Toronto have found a major mechanism causing brain cells to die after stroke, leading to the development of new treatments. They discovered that the TRPM7 channel activates a lethal chain reaction when oxygen and nutrients are deprived, resulting in massive free radical production and cell death.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have discovered an effective treatment for McArdle's disease, a rare muscle disorder characterized by fatigue and cramping during exercise. The treatment involves administering an oral source of glucose to improve exercise tolerance in patients with the condition.
Researchers found that whole-body PET/CT scans were accurate in determining tumor stage for 75% of patients, compared to 54% with whole-body MRI. The study concluded that FDG-PET/CT can be recommended as a first-line tool for whole-body tumor staging of different oncological diseases.
A total of 2,521 probable cases were reported in Beijing during the SARS outbreak. The city's swift response, including improved infection control practices and quarantine measures, likely contributed to the rapid decline in new cases.
Researchers used advanced imaging and modeling techniques to study near-field behavior in metal nanoparticles. They found that arrays of nanoparticles scatter light at much smaller angles, making them suitable for two-dimensional devices such as optical chips.
Researchers discovered that fungi infecting healthy plant tissues can provide protection against pathogens, increasing survival rates for cacao leaves. Field tests are underway to cultivate such fungal armies as biological control agents.
Researchers found that patients treated with corticosteroids plus interferon alfacon-1 experienced faster resolution of chest x-ray abnormalities and improved oxygen saturation levels compared to those treated with corticosteroids alone. This suggests that combination therapy may be a promising approach for treating SARS.
A new study finds evidence of genetic linkages to metabolic syndrome in both black and white patients. The researchers also identified chromosomal regions linked to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk factors. These findings bring us closer to discovering the actual genes responsible for metabolic syndrome.
Two studies found obesity increases risk of aggressive prostate cancer and cancer recurrence in African-American men. Obesity is associated with higher Gleason scores and elevated PSA levels, suggesting a link between excess body fat and tumor growth.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute discover a compound, reversine, that can convert muscle cells into precursor cells, which can be converted to other cell types. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize stem cell research and make it more practical for medical applications.
A population-based study found that infants would benefit most from in-hospital palliative care, while older children with long-term illnesses require community-based and at-home services. Effective end-of-life care for all children needs simultaneous delivery of different modes of care.
A team of scientists has identified a cluster of 88 genes that may act as molecular markers for the developmental potential of different stem cell types and stages. These findings are consistent with previous research on cellular development and plasticity, and shed light on the molecular pathways guiding development.
Gerbrand Izaks and Rudi Westendorp propose a model where diseases are caused by cumulative risk factors, making every age-related change a potential symptom of an illness. This framework encourages doctors to reassess older patients' body functions, comparing results to 'normal values' from healthy young adults.
The new network will provide access to leading-edge fabrication and characterization tools, enable educational outreach to K-12 students, and examine the societal and ethical implications of nanotechnology. NSF funding is expected to be $70-million or higher for five years.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have successfully cloned a white-tailed deer named Dewey, believed to be the first of its kind. The breakthrough achieved through fibroblast cell isolation, culture, freezing, and nuclear transfer may provide valuable tools for conserving endangered deer species.
Researchers solved the structure of aquaporin Z, a water channel found in Escherichia coli that conducts only water at high rates. The protein's unique architecture and strategically positioned amino acid residues restrict the flow of larger molecules, allowing it to maintain osmotic equilibrium.
The National Science Board has approved a $70 million award for the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which will create the world's largest and most comprehensive nanotechnology laboratory. The NNIN, led by Cornell University, will provide access to leading-edge tools and instruments, and contribute to developing a...
The PERs will allow museum visitors to search for organo-fluorescent evidence of life in a Martian terrain, mimicking the role of NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers. The robots are powered by Intel technology and can move at 1.6 inches per second, providing an interactive experience for visitors.
The new Little GLORIAD network increases bandwidth between the US and China to 155 Mbps and enhances research capabilities for scientists worldwide. The network enables joint responses to natural disasters, nuclear materials safeguards, and human genome studies.
New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow, contributing to climate change. The study found that soot in areas with snow and ice may play a significant role in warming the world's climate, especially when it becomes more concentrated on melting surfaces.
Researchers found that brain scans show increased metabolic activity in the temporal cortex, where Alzheimer's disease commonly develops, in adults with Down syndrome. The study suggests that this may be an early indicator of Alzheimer's, potentially allowing for early detection using a common PET scan procedure.
A study led by Rutgers University professor Mohamed Rafi founds a compound called ß-hydroxy-DHP (BHP) in licorice root supplements that can stop the growth of prostate and breast cancer cells. This could provide new hope for more effective therapies against these leading cancers.
Researchers are investigating the role of broccoli-derived chemicals in preventing prostate cancer. The study aims to better understand how these substances inhibit prostate cancer growth and identify potential biomarkers for future intervention trials.
A University of Wisconsin-Madison team has developed a stem cell model that mimics placenta formation during the earliest stages of human development, offering new insights into pregnancy and fetal health. The research could lead to better understanding of diseases like preeclampsia, which affects millions of women and infants worldwide.
A US CDC study found that 10% of vaccine doses administered to children in 2002 were invalid, resulting from premature vaccination. Invalid doses need to be repeated to ensure adequate protection against disease.
Researchers will showcase latest experiments searching for signatures of quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter thought to have existed at the universe's dawn. Controversial observations hint at the possibility of detecting color glass condensate, a previously theorized state within gold ions.
Dr. Squyres and over 40 team members will undergo a sleep study to adapt to Mars' 24-hour day/night cycle during the two-rover mission. The team will work six-sol weeks with varying weekend lengths, aiming to mitigate 'Martian jet lag'.
A recent study using MRI has found significant volume loss in the hippocampus, a key role player in memory functions, among patients with Korsakoff's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that awareness of these clinical and radiological similarities can aid in early detection of each disorder.
Recent studies demonstrate the accuracy of epilepsy diagnosis by doctors (96%), shedding light on dementia risk factors among adults with Down syndrome. Additionally, gabapentin shows significant effectiveness in treating chronic daily headaches, according to a study by The Australian Gabapentin Chronic Daily Headache Group.
A team of researchers identified a molecular mechanism driving drug resistance in prostate cancer, revealing that hormone-refractory cells develop an altered androgen receptor. The findings suggest that even low levels of testosterone can activate these receptors, leading to the conversion of anti-androgen drugs into agonist drugs.
A study found that 70% of intensive care patients were colonized with bacteria from other patients in the unit. The researchers identified multiple strains of Staphylococcus bacteria that were resistant to various antibiotics, highlighting the need for improved infection control and antibiotic use guidelines.
Research shows that wind turbines can be integrated into electricity grids without major issues, but the type of turbine affects measures needed. Simulation models helped investigate how wind turbines impact grid stability, revealing two fundamental differences from conventional power stations.