Researchers have discovered that specific receptor molecules on the tongue trigger taste cells to transmit signals to the brain, governing sweet and umami tastes. The study's findings suggest individual variations in 'sweet tooth' responses may stem from subtle genetic differences in these receptors.
Refugees may experience limb thrombosis, low oxygen levels, and transmission of respiratory infections such as tuberculosis during flights. Measures should be taken to prevent these medical risks and ensure safe repatriation.
A newly discovered protease enzyme, Taspase1, plays a crucial role in the MLL protein's dual-function. Blocking Taspase1 may provide a novel way to halt runaway cell proliferation in leukemia. Enzyme inhibitors with few side effects could be effective against various cancers.
A recent study published in Science has identified nearly 6,000 protein-encoding genes in the tiny mustard weed Arabidopsis, revolutionizing plant genetics research. This breakthrough allows researchers to quickly identify and modify desirable traits in other plants using these genes.
A 1700 Cascadia earthquake is supported by a Japanese shipwreck and tsunami records from five other towns, suggesting the event was a magnitude 9 earthquake off the Washington coast. The shipwreck's nautical account and tsunami-related deaths confirm its validity.
Researchers suggest that ultra-low oxygen and greenhouse warming sparked two mass-extinction events, killing 90% of species on Earth. The development of an unusual breathing system in some dinosaurs, still found in birds today, may have helped them survive harsh conditions.
Researchers found that wild blueberry-enriched diets helped relax arteries, reducing blood pressure and potential damage to the endothelial layer. The study suggests that high concentrations of antioxidants in blueberries may preserve nitric oxide bioavailability, aiding in maintaining arterial relaxation.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University discovered that the brain's cortical map processes touch sensations based on perceived locations, not actual physical positions. This finding challenges long-held theories about the nature of the 'map' in the brain and sheds light on how the brain processes sensory information.
Researchers successfully grew breast cancer tissue from human and mouse mammary stem cells, paving the way for new treatments. The findings aim to overcome drug resistance and relapse in breast cancer patients, with potential to transform cancer treatment.
Researchers at Purdue University have identified the first gene in lice that kills bacteria threatening the insect. The study also found genes involved in digesting human blood and fighting off infections. Understanding lice genetics could lead to novel pest control strategies, potentially benefiting public health.
A new study found a clear association between genital ulcer symptoms during and after HIV acquisition. Higher rates of genital ulcer disease were observed among HIV-positive participants, particularly those with HSV-2 antibodies.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have discovered that PUMA is the primary mediator of cell death in response to p53 signals, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. The study provides critical insights into how cancer disrupts a failsafe mechanism that kills abnormal cells, and offers potential new therapy targets.
Emerging life played a role in moderating ice ages that resulted in today's moderate climate. Microscopic marine plants and animals that produce calcium carbonate skeletons and shells help regulate aquatic chemistry, controlling the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Researchers from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute are using a $5 million grant to study Wolbachia, a bacterium that affects insect reproduction and evolution. The team will collect insects in Panama and use molecular tools to identify Wolbachia strains and understand their effects on host organisms.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have developed a new gene profiling technique that could simplify diagnostic tests for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a childhood cancer with an 80% success rate due to risk-adapted therapy.
The NIH has awarded grants to institutions in the US and Puerto Rico to address health disparities affecting minority populations. The grants aim to develop sustainable, effective, and culturally appropriate prevention and intervention strategies for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS.
A study found that nearly a quarter of families with deceased individuals had inherited heart disease, increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death among relatives. The researchers suggest screening 12-lead ECGs for first-degree relatives of those who died suddenly and unexpectedly.
An asthma intervention study showed a 60% reduction in total hospitalizations among patients with frequent asthma exacerbations. Researchers also found that initial use of three antibiotics followed by diagnostic testing led to better patient survival and reduced antibiotic use for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Additionally, prematu...
Researchers discovered a major new finding on the genetics of Parkinson's disease, focusing on the activity of alpha synuclein. The study found that an abnormal triplication of genes on chromosome 4 leads to excessive protein buildup, causing Parkinson's symptoms.
Current drinkers who consume at least 30 grams of alcohol daily have an 80% higher risk of breast cancer compared to nondrinkers. Alcohol is associated with a strong increase in hormonally responsive types of breast cancer, including lobular and ER+/PR+ tumors.
A team led by Reinhard Genzel reports detecting powerful infrared flares from a region just outside the supermassive black hole, indicating rapid rotation. The observed signals suggest that the black hole's fundamental orbital time is about half of the maximum spin allowed by general relativity.
A new study found that moderate-intensity exercise performed in the morning can improve sleep quality in postmenopausal women. Women who exercised for at least half an hour daily, seven days a week, had better sleep onset and quality compared to those exercising in the evening.
Researchers found that VR therapy with touch reduces anxiety and increases participants' comfort near real spiders. After three sessions, those who received touch-based therapy came within 6 inches of a live tarantula, compared to 5 feet for the control group.
A UK measles expert warns that major epidemics are likely to occur in the country this winter if vaccination rates do not improve rapidly. The Lancet publication cites unequivocal evidence supporting the safety of the MMR vaccine and highlights the risks associated with unvaccinated children.
A new anti-rejection drug, CP-690,550, has shown promise in controlling the immune system without severe side effects. The Stanford team discovered the drug by targeting a specific pathway in immune cells, which may lead to its use in treating autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discovered that Tim-3 proteins act as 'checkpoints' for the immune system, controlling activated TH1 T-cell responses. This regulation helps prevent autoimmune diseases and organ rejection in transplant patients.
A new study reveals that MeCP2, a protein implicated in Rett Syndrome, regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leading to symptoms. Researchers found that MeCP2 controls BDNF's 'off' state, but also enables its activation through temporary detachment.
A study of 32 nursing homes in New York and Connecticut aims to determine the effectiveness of specially trained retention specialists in reducing CNA turnover rates. The researchers will assess the impact on job satisfaction, intention to quit, and commitment to the institution.
A study of ancient vole fossils has provided a unique view on the evolution and adaptation of species to climate change. The findings suggest that small mammals can adapt to routine climate change, but significant evolutionary changes are only triggered by extraordinary events.
Scientists at Stanford University have created a 'supersized' DNA molecule, xDNA, consisting of larger base pairs that can increase stability and fluorescence. This new genetic system has the potential to revolutionize medical biopsies and potentially lead to the discovery of new life forms.
A new study found that lower family income and parental education levels significantly contribute to the development of depression and obesity among adolescents. The researchers analyzed data from over 15,000 teenagers and found that these socioeconomic factors accounted for a substantial proportion of the disease burden.
In a groundbreaking clinical trial, OHSU doctors used the Onyx Liquid Embolic System to repair aneurysms in patients with promising results. The new procedure uses a catheter to inject a liquid that solidifies into a spongy mass, sealing off the defect and preventing future ruptures.
NIAMS researchers collaborated with Pfizer to develop and test a new immunosuppressant drug, CP-690,550, which targets the immune system without causing toxic side effects. The study showed promising results in mice and monkeys, suggesting potential for treating autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
The SCOPE/IUPAC project aims to assess the environmental and health impacts of endocrine active substances. A comprehensive review will facilitate risk assessment and inform policy decisions on addressing these issues.
Project ALERT reduced new smoker and marijuana user rates among seventh and eighth graders by 24%. The program also decreased binge drinking by 24%, counteracting critics who claim school programs fail to reach existing smokers and drinkers. Early users face increased risks for various high-risk behaviors.
A new dried blood-spot test has shown promising results for monitoring HIV treatment in less-developed countries. The test, which uses a commercial enzyme immunoassay, compares well with standard flow cytometry and could make CD4+ lymphocyte count measurements more accessible to rural populations.
A study found that distributing birth control directly to students in Minneapolis school-based clinics resulted in a 99% success rate of providing all requested contraceptives. This method improved access to contraception and increased actual use rates among sexually active students, according to Abbey Sidebottom.
New research suggests that predators play a crucial role in driving the four-year population cycle of collared lemmings in eastern Greenland. The study found that generalist predators like foxes, owls, and skuas synchronize their numbers with those of lemmings, while specialist predators like stoats lag behind.
A new peptide-based vaccine has shown promising results in treating advanced melanoma by inducing a strong immune response in patients. The vaccine, which includes granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), resulted in significant tumor regressions and stable disease in some patients.
Virginia Tech leads a national initiative to enlist high school students in analyzing plant genes, leveraging Arabidopsis thaliana's 25,500 genes. The Partnership for Research and Education in Plants aims to bridge the gap between university-based scientists and high school science labs.
Princeton University professor Hecht invents a technique to make protein molecules from scratch with various shapes and compositions. The method involves designing amino acid sequences that fold like natural proteins, potentially leading to the creation of custom-designed proteins for new drugs and industrial processes.
Liver cancer patients who undergo transplantation show improved five-year survival rates, increasing steadily from 25.3% to 61.1% over the past two decades. Regular screening of patients with cirrhosis is essential for early detection and optimal outcomes.
A recent study has found that oral steroid treatment for preschool children with viral wheeze may not provide any benefits in reducing respiratory symptoms or hospital admissions. The study analyzed data from over 200 young children and found no difference in symptom scores between those who received prednisolone and placebo. However, ...
Researchers have discovered that the protein MeCP2 regulates gene expression in normal central nervous system cells, and its mutation may be responsible for Rett Syndrome. The study also suggests that BDNF, a highly active gene, plays a key role in the disease.
Researchers at Michigan State University have identified a gene mutation linked to hearing loss, which could lead to new insights into the biology of progressive hearing loss. The discovery is expected to provide new avenues for preventing or treating this common health issue, affecting an estimated 28 million Americans.
Researchers found that student-led groups with peer opinion leaders outperformed traditional methods in improving attitudes, self-efficacy, and refusal skills towards smoking among sixth-graders. The network method was shown to be more effective than random or teacher-selected group assignments.
A study of 6,727 middle school students found that tobacco use and experimentation are prevalent in schools, particularly among children with asthma. The research highlights the importance of educating parents and children on the dangers of tobacco exposure and its adverse effects on respiratory health.
The Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT) project has mapped gene activity in the mouse nervous system, providing insights into brain development and function. The data will facilitate investigations into neurological and psychiatric drugs, as well as advance our understanding of human development and disease.
The New York Academy of Sciences has launched a new website, eBriefings, which provides user-friendly access to top science and health issues. The platform features eBriefings on autism, adolescent brain development, and neuroethical challenges in cognitive enhancement and learning.
A Danish study of over 56,000 births found that women trying to conceive for over a year were at increased risk of preterm delivery, term babies with low birthweight, and Caesarean section. The study also found significant associations between infertility and adverse birth outcomes in both treated and untreated infertile women.
Researchers found that a comprehensive healthcare team approach improved hypertension control among 309 African American young men. The intervention showed positive outcomes, including decreased smoking and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.
Researchers have developed a new drug, ximelagatran, that is absorbed quickly and has no food or drug interactions, making it easier to manage than warfarin. The study found that the new drug was significantly superior to warfarin in preventing blood clots, with fewer side effects.
The Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT) provides a comprehensive map of gene expression in the central nervous system. Researchers can use this tool to explore molecular machinery and chart functional circuitry of the brain and spinal cord, leading to better understanding of neurological disorders.
A recent study from Thomas Jefferson University found that middle school students in poorer performing Philadelphia schools had a higher prevalence of undiagnosed asthma. The researchers screened over 6,700 students and found that those in Edison-managed schools had more severe cases of the disease.
The GenSAT project offers a fully public, searchable database of gene expression in central nervous system cell types for individual genes. Researchers can analyze up to five genes per week using the Gensat platform.
The NCCAM-funded Developmental Centers for Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine aim to increase the quality and quantity of CAM research, promote expertise, and foster partnerships between CAM and conventional institutions. The first two centers focus on chiropractic manipulation and acupuncture, respectively.
Researchers on the Old English Dictionary project found a heavy preponderance of 'for' compounds and the phrase 'to be on fire,' which originated in an Old English quotation. The study highlights the importance of understanding language as a conveyor of culture, revealing insights into social, political, and intellectual institutions.
Researchers have found that pomegranate fruit extract and grape polyphenol resveratrol exhibit anti-skin tumor effects by inhibiting cancer-promoting pathways. These findings suggest potential benefits for skin cancer prevention and treatment.
Patients with a history of coronary disease are at high risk of experiencing acute coronary events, including unstable angina and heart attacks, after aspirin withdrawal. Aspirin therapy is essential in reducing the risk of developing acute blockage in coronary arteries.
A study by the Lister Fertility Clinic in London found that women who participated in an egg-sharing program did not have a lower chance of getting pregnant or having a live birth compared to those who didn't participate. The researchers also found no evidence of increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome among donors.