A new CT scan technique called multi-detector CT urography (MDCTU) has been shown to detect various urinary system problems, including bladder cancer, kidney stones, and cysts. The technique is more accurate than traditional methods and may be beneficial for high-risk patients.
The UN University has authorized a diploma for graduates of its 10-course, 250-hour online training program in Integrated Water Resources Management. The program aims to upgrade knowledge of modern water management concepts and principles among practicing professionals.
Researchers found that the hormone estradiol plays a crucial role in proplatelet formation, enabling the creation of new blood platelets. This discovery may lead to alternative treatments for conditions such as anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Researchers have identified a new class of ocean ridges with unique characteristics that challenge current understanding of plate tectonics and sea floor formation. These ultraslow spreading ridges may harbor significant mineral deposits, including copper and zinc, and provide insights into the Earth's mantle.
The project implemented a vision system to improve part inspection, introduced a computerised quality management system to enhance efficiency, and installed a co-ordinate measuring machine for fast measurements. These new systems have had wide-reaching benefits for the company, improving production processes and staff working conditions.
A new global study on HIV/AIDS indicates the effectiveness of needle and syringe exchange programmes for preventing HIV transmission among people who inject drugs. Distribution of sterile needles and syringes helps reduce HIV infection rates, with cities introducing exchanges seeing a 19% decrease in prevalence.
The Faulkes Telescope project provides UK schools with access to two robotic telescopes in Hawaii and Australia, allowing students to explore the Universe and participate in research programmes. The telescopes can be controlled directly from classrooms via PC and internet connection.
A new study suggests that women who have had a caesarean section may be at higher risk of stillbirth in subsequent pregnancies. The research found that the risk of stillbirth was greater for women who had previously given birth by caesarean section, with an increased risk starting at around 34 weeks of their second pregnancy.
St. Jude experts highlight US vaccine production inadequacies and antiviral drug scarcity in responding to an outbreak, emphasizing the need for new technologies, international cooperation, and rapid testing.
A new report finds that nitrogen availability is a critical factor in ecosystem carbon storage, with current limitations hindering the natural systems' ability to mitigate climate change. The study suggests that we need to incorporate these limits into our models and reduce our reliance on natural ecosystems to combat carbon emissions.
Research by Dennis Lo and colleagues found that viral sequences from two major Hong Kong SARS outbreaks were nearly identical, with only three nucleotide differences. This suggests that non-viral genomic factors may have played a role in the distinct clinical features of the Amoy Gardens outbreak.
The Lancet editorial proposes a serostatus-based approach for universal voluntary knowledge of HIV status, simplified clinical testing, and prevention of discrimination. Two viewpoints discuss the necessity of testing before prophylaxis with single-dose nevirapine in preventing mother-to-child transmission.
A study found UVGI significantly reduces reported work-related illnesses, particularly respiratory and mucosal symptoms, among 771 participants. The cost-effectiveness of UVGI installation compared to building-related illness losses is estimated to be favorable.
Researchers at UCL's Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research have developed a new drug to treat enlarged prostate with virtually no hormonal side effects. The treatment can both relax the prostate and prevent its growth, offering a major advance in treating a condition affecting millions of men worldwide.
Research by Stanford researcher Thomas Rando and postdoctoral scholar Irina Conboy found that older muscles produce less Delta after injury, leading to slower regeneration. However, artificially activating Delta in older muscles restored regenerative ability comparable to younger muscle, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.
The Max Planck Research Awards recognize outstanding research in biosciences, medicine, chemistry, pharmacy, engineering sciences, mathematics, and the humanities. This year's awards went to researchers who made significant contributions to their respective fields.
A new research project has set up houses with various termite defence systems in Arnhem Land to curb $780 million damage caused by termites each year. The project is using novel preservatives and chemical barriers to protect timber, and learning from the Yolngu people about termite behaviour and biology.
A new study reveals that vitamin D levels predict the risk of falls among women, with 45% of nursing home residents suffering from deficiency. Vitamin D supplements are proposed as a solution to prevent falls and related health issues.
A biochemical chain of events governs cell size in multiple diseases. Researchers discovered that AMPK regulates TSC2 activity, which limits mTOR activity, thereby controlling cell growth. This chain of events may be targeted by the drug Rapamycin to treat genetic syndromes.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have identified a non-cholesterol related gene linked to the development of heart disease in mice. The A20 gene regulates the NFkB pathway, which was previously thought to contribute to heart disease, but may actually play an anti-atherosclerotic role.
A recent case report reveals that MDMA can trigger heart attacks, with symptoms similar to those caused by cocaine or amphetamine use. Physicians are advised to familiarize themselves with the emerging trend of MDMA use and its potential risks.
A recent study has identified a genetic risk factor for malignant melanoma in men, highlighting the importance of faulty genes in the development of the disease. The study found that variants in the BRAF gene are more common in people with melanoma, particularly in men.
A western American pasture grass crossed with wheat has improved resistance to Fusarium head blight, a disease causing major wheat crop losses and producing toxins that can be fatal to humans and animals. The hybrid plant's new resistance gene can be combined with other genes to enhance protection against the fungus.
A study found that nitric oxide can prevent lung disease and death in premature infants by reducing the risk of severe bleeding into the brain. The treatment, which involves adding small amounts of nitric oxide to oxygen, has been shown to improve survival rates and reduce the need for long-term ventilation.
A study of 404 sudden cardiac arrest victims found that almost half did not receive CPR before EMS arrival. The most common reasons for no CPR included physical limitations, victim location, and signs of life.
Researchers developed a new screening tool to identify adolescents at risk of carrying firearms in emergency departments. The tool, FiGHTS, uses known risk factors and has shown promising results in preventing firearm injuries among this age group.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding the origin of pediatric brain tumors, finding that they may develop from cells with characteristics similar to neural stem cells. This new perspective on brain cancer could lead to improved diagnostic tests and treatments.
A study by University of North Carolina researchers suggests that chemical nutrients washed into the sea can increase the severity of coral diseases, leading to significant declines in Caribbean reef health. The findings support calls for reducing nutrient pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage and deforestation.
Researchers challenge traditional explanations for explosive eruptions, suggesting that continuous fragmentation of magma can prevent explosive releases. This theory helps explain the difference in water content between effusive and explosive lava flows.
A new study found that chemotherapy and radiation together is more effective than sequential treatment in preserving the voice box, with 88% of patients still having their voice after two years. Overall survival rates were similar for all three treatment options.
A pilot study reveals that menstrual cycle monitors differ significantly in price and effectiveness, with some systems registering false negatives of up to 73.4%. The symptothermal method, relying on a woman's own observations, proved to be the most effective natural family planning method.
Researchers from WCS successfully tag seven great white sharks using a novel technique, resulting in valuable data on their movements and behavior. The sharks spend only three to seven minutes out of the water, showing minimal trauma, and one shark traveled over 2,000 miles before being tracked again.
Researchers found a new type of ocean ridge where the sea floor splits apart by pulling up solid rock from deep within the Earth's mantle. These 'ultra-slow' ridges are characterized by widely spaced volcanoes and have implications for understanding plate tectonics.
A recent study published in Molecular Psychiatry reveals that cell death promotes learning and growth in the brain. The research found that rats with lower levels of cell death performed better in spatial learning tasks, suggesting a positive correlation between cell death and cognitive function.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine developed a new computer model that accurately reflects how the brain uses experience to improve motor control. The brain creates a map of forces expected in the world by multiplying electrical signals from nerve cells.
The guidelines recommend five medication types to treat neuropathic pain, including gabapentin, lidocaine patches, and narcotics. Neuropathic pain affects 4-6 million people in the US, caused by nerve damage from conditions like shingles, diabetes, and cancer.
A study using fMRI found that children with seriously delayed speech have higher levels of right brain lobe activity and less total brain activation than age-matched children. This suggests that speech-delayed children may be less receptive to language as they age, highlighting the importance of early intervention.
The article discusses a study on women's experiences with cervical cancer screening and finds that most are reluctant to reduce the frequency of Pap tests. Meanwhile, another study analyzes exercise stress test results for predicting cardiac mortality in older adults.
The Royal Society of Chemistry hosted a plenary lecture on green and sustainable chemistry, featuring speakers from industry and academia. Key highlights include collaborations between sectors, innovative technologies for reducing waste and consumption, and the importance of information infrastructure.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) honored six reporters for their outstanding contributions to science journalism between July 1, 2002 and June 30, 2003. The winners used science storytelling to convey complex issues and make them accessible to the general audience.
A study found that gray squirrels are essential for germination of black walnut trees due to their scatter hoarding behavior, while red squirrels' larder hoarding practice hinders seed dispersal. The researchers suggest changing land-use practices to maintain healthy forest connectivity.
The study found that infants exposed to magnesium sulfate had lower rates of pediatric mortality, cerebral palsy, and substantial gross motor dysfunction compared to those not receiving the treatment. However, these differences were not statistically significant, and further trials are necessary to confirm the findings.
A study found that regionalizing certain surgical procedures would not significantly increase travel time for patients, with most needing less than 30-minute additional trips. The study suggested implementing volume standards without imposing unreasonable burdens on rural area residents.
A study found that people with Alzheimer's disease show increased activation in the default network, a set of interconnected brain areas responsible for passive mental processes. This could be an attempt to compensate for memory problems caused by normal aging or Alzheimer's.
The partnership aims to address unequal burden of cancer on minority communities by providing access to clinical trials and strengthening cancer research programs. The collaboration will enhance cancer treatment capability and produce healthier outcomes for patients in South Central Los Angeles.
Scientists have directly observed RNA 'proofreading' for the first time using nanotech instruments, revealing a backtracking motion that corrects genetic errors. The study provides strong evidence for the self-correcting mechanism of RNA polymerase, improving our understanding of gene expression and potentially informing human health.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine developed a new technique to measure brain volume, identifying healthy individuals who would later develop memory impairment. The study found that the medial-temporal lobe shrank considerably more in people with Alzheimer's disease compared to those without it.
Researchers determined the structure and behavior of a protein receptor complex in E. coli, revealing a 'two-receptor approach' to bring substances into the cell's cytoplasm. This discovery could provide insights into cellular metabolism and how proteins are transported across membranes.
Temple researchers mapped out early embryo development and found that clones replicate the process entirely at this stage. However, cloned embryos bear characteristics of both an embryo and adult cell, leading to slow and incomplete development.
A study by University of Michigan doctors found that gender is the biggest predictor of chaperone use, with male doctors more likely to have a nurse or assistant present. Regional differences also exist, with Southern doctors using chaperones more frequently than those in the Midwest.
Researchers at UCF are studying different learning techniques to train people to pick out guns, knives and other threatening objects as they pass through airport X-ray machines. The goal is to make screeners more accurate and faster, leading to improved safety and convenience for travelers.
A digital imaging system is being developed to automate the inspection process at a bakery, allowing for faster and more accurate quality control. The system uses computerized vision technology to identify imperfections in bread rolls and automatically remove them from production lines.
Researchers estimated that only one further case of vCJD in Ireland is likely, based on exposure to BSE-infected beef. The study used data from the UK to calculate the future risk to the Irish population.
A randomized, double-blinded study found no differences between olanzapine and haloperidol in reducing schizophrenia symptoms or improving quality of life. Olanzapine was associated with higher costs due to its high price tag, despite slightly better cognitive status and less restlessness.
A study found that nearly 70% of women aged 50-64 and 40% of those 85-90 had received mammograms in the last two years, despite limited benefits. The research suggests that over-screening can be costly and wasteful, particularly for healthy individuals.
A large study found warfarin to be highly effective in reducing the risk of ischemic stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, even among those at moderate to high risk for stroke. Warfarin was also associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
Researchers analyzed DNA samples from 127 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to determine if a KIT tyrosine kinase mutation was present and its impact on Gleevec response. Patients with favorable lab results had an 84 percent chance of partial remission, while those with unfavorable results did not respond.
Researchers identified several factors that may enable or prevent HIV transmission through breastfeeding, including the hostile environment of saliva and immune activation in the gastrointestinal tract. Protective factors include natural killer cells, natural antibodies, and specific antibody responses.
Researchers have identified a new 'off switch' that limits the duration and intensity of T-cell activation, potentially treating autoimmune diseases. The IL-27 cytokine regulates immune cell growth and functions, offering a universal checkpoint for the immune system.
A study of 327 infants found chorioamnionitis increases CP risk by 4 times, with maternal black ethnicity and older age also associated. Chorioamnionitis was present in 14% of cases and controls.