A $2 million sorghum genome grant is funding a project to train students from diverse backgrounds in genetic analysis and presentation. The goal is to attract more scientists from underrepresented groups to plant genomics research, promoting diversity in the field.
Researchers used MRI to study 45 healthy elderly patients and found that progressive brain atrophy was predictive of future cognitive decline. The medial temporal lobe, a small but critical brain region, showed the most significant correlation with memory loss.
Researchers find that movement-activated guards deter predators from feeding by up to two-thirds, offering a non-lethal alternative to lethal control methods. The study suggests promoting coexistence between humans and large carnivores through real-world problem-solving.
The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has established a first-of-its-kind peer-support helpline for individuals concerned about hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The helpline provides direct access to trained volunteers who offer emotional support, referrals, and information on genetic counseling and risk management.
A new UCLA test measures HDL cholesterol's ability to reduce inflammation, potentially better predicting heart disease risk. The study found that patients with pro-inflammatory HDL had a higher risk of heart disease despite normal or high cholesterol levels.
Field experiments on Mexican reefs show that modest nutrient pollution can increase coral mortality by facilitating disease spread. Further steps should be taken to reduce agricultural runoff, sewage pollution, and deforestation to protect coral reef health.
A long-term study found that regular physical activity in postmenopausal women is associated with better functional status and fewer physical limitations. The researchers also discovered that consistent physical activity levels over time are crucial for maintaining physical function.
A new study published in Analytical Chemistry challenges the idea that the Vinland Map is a medieval forgery, instead suggesting that its ink composition supports its authenticity. The research finds that the map's ink contains elements consistent with medieval production methods, raising doubts about the possibility of forgery.
Black bears in urban areas are spending less time hunting and more time eating human trash. The study found that these bears are becoming overweight and less active due to increased availability of food sources like garbage. Local ordinances can help mitigate conflicts by mandating bear-proof garbage containers.
UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers found that the absence of a key oxygen-sensing molecule can lead to multiple developmental defects. The study created a mouse model lacking this protein, which resulted in cardiac hypertrophy, fatty liver, eye defects, and increased oxidative stress.
A Duke University Medical Center study found that women undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery exhibit poorer quality-of-life outcomes compared to men. After statistical adjustments for preoperative risk factors, the researchers discovered that women were at a higher risk of mental difficulties and anxiety following the procedure.
Researchers developed a genetic test to distinguish African elephant tusks from different parts of Africa, with 80-95% accuracy. This test can help law enforcers pinpoint where poaching is heaviest, increasing ivory seizure rates and deterring poachers.
A recent Neurology journal study has identified levodopa addiction in non-parkinsonian patients, suggesting the potential for addiction to this common Parkinson's disease treatment. Additionally, researchers have discovered RNA gene slicing mutations in McArdle patients, revealing new insights into neuromuscular diseases.
Research conducted by Yale University found that most breastfed infants experience little decline in blood serotonin levels after their mothers take Prozac. The study suggests that women should weigh factors such as postpartum depression severity and breastfeeding commitment when considering antidepressant medication.
Researchers found that viewers of a scenic parkway video scored lower on a test of frustration and worked almost a minute longer on an unsolvable anagram puzzle compared to those who watched videos of urban driving experiences. The study suggests nature can have a calming effect on drivers.
A self-management program developed by Indiana University researchers significantly reduced disability, improved mental functioning, and increased physical activity among patients with acute low back pain. The program focused on boosting patient confidence and motivation to incorporate daily activities that alleviate symptoms.
A study published in Cancer Research found that combining gene therapy and radiation therapy showed significant declines in PSA levels and eliminated cancer in many patients. The novel treatment has shown promise in treating aggressive prostate cancer, but more research is needed before it can be widely adopted.
CPOE reduces medical errors by improving communication and order tracking, but its use is hindered by implementation difficulties. Silent errors occur due to system design disconnects, including data entry and retrieval issues, and loss of face-to-face interactions.
Researchers argue that shade coffee farming can help protect bird species, but also poses a risk of accelerating forest clearance if not done sustainably. The Society for Conservation Biology examines the benefits and drawbacks of this traditional farming method.
A new study reveals that marine epidemics spread approximately 100 times faster than comparable terrestrial epidemics. This faster rate of spread is attributed to the lack of barriers to pathogen dispersal in marine environments and better long-term survival of mobile infectious stages.
Researchers followed 171 post-menopausal women over 14 years and found that those who were physically active had a higher level of functional status. Physical activity was directly related to improved functional status, even after adjusting for health status.
The USWRP's improvements to the global computer forecast model developed at NOAA's Environmental Modeling Center have led to a significant boost in hurricane track forecast accuracy. Since 2000, NHC forecasts have benefited from these advancements, predicting Atlantic tropical cyclones' tracks about 35% more accurately than prior to 2000.
Research reveals strong interactions between four trophic levels, showing soil fungi impact plant growth and alter attack rates of insect pests. This finding highlights the interconnectedness of species in natural communities, with implications for conservation and pest control.
Researchers found that patients starting lipid-lowering therapy in the hospital were nearly three times as likely to continue taking their medication six months later. This suggests that hospital-based initiation of treatment can improve adherence and is an effective strategy for enhancing long-term use.
A study found that suicidal minority teens often lack adult support, with 15% considering suicide in the past year and 11% attempting it. Latino girls and LGBTQ+ teens are disproportionately affected, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A new study found that listing endangered species may not effectively protect their habitats on private property. Landowners were more likely to improve or destroy habitats based on their values and perception of conservation responsibility.
Women with myasthenia gravis are at increased risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, including higher rates of cesarean section and preterm rupture of amniotic membranes. However, neonatal deaths and prematurity were not significantly affected by the condition.
Researchers have developed a conceptual model examining how young people learn to use and abuse credit cards. They found that parents have the greatest influence on a young person's credit card behavior, with children learning from direct teaching and modeling of their own behavior. The study highlights the importance of understanding ...
The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative will support Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Zambia and Tanzania in treating 15 million people with praziquantel and albendazole over four years. The initiative aims to deliver treatment to 3 million children and reduce the parasite's impact on African communities.
Cattle introduction modifies frequent interactions between plants and pollinators, affecting web structure. This modification is likely important for ecosystem function.
Professor Behrokh Khoshnevis has developed a new machine that can produce 3D 'printouts' in plastic and metal more quickly and cheaply than existing systems. The 'Selective Inhibition of Sintering' (SIS) process uses high heat to melt only selected areas, reducing energy intensity and cost.
Prof. Shaik, a renowned expert in organic chemistry, has been selected by the AAAS for his groundbreaking work on valence bond theory, which has recharted the mental map of chemistry. He is a recipient of numerous prestigious awards, including the Outstanding Young Chemist Award and the Lise Meitner-Alexander von Humboldt Research Award.
The newly launched San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) will provide researchers with tools for continuous monitoring from inside an active earthquake zone. This project is part of the larger EarthScope initiative, which aims to investigate geological forces shaping the North American continent.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology published various studies on cataract surgery, glaucoma treatment, and eye diseases in December 2003. These studies examined the effectiveness of different surgical techniques and medications for treating refractive errors, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration.
Researchers linked systemic nitric oxide production with changes in the endothelial lining of arteries after stress. Exercise was found to improve the marker in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Researchers developed a magnetic resonance spectroscopy method to quantify choline levels in breast tissue, distinguishing malignant lesions from benign lumps. The technique uses high magnetic fields and mathematical approach to account for tissue variations.
Researchers at NIST have developed advanced superconducting wires that can withstand strain without cracking, enabling the use of compact underground cables to expand grid capacity. The strain tolerance of these future high-temperature superconductor (HTS) wires is high enough for demanding electric utility applications.
Virginia Tech's HCRC is the largest horseshoe crab research institution in the country, supporting research on sustainable management practices. The new funding will support a range of studies, including population size estimation, spawning habitat identification, and dynamics between horseshoe crabs and shorebirds.
The Protein Data Bank has partnered with major research institutions to provide global access to its database, which contains over 23,000 protein structures determined by cutting-edge methods. The agreement simplifies access to this critical resource for biomedical and pharmaceutical researchers.
Researchers at Northwestern University found that leafy vegetables and herbs in Chicago residential gardens are highly likely to be contaminated with lead. The study's findings highlight the importance of testing soil lead levels and developing strategies to ensure safety for urban gardeners and their families.
The formation of wwPDB formalizes the global character of the Protein Data Bank, ensuring transparency and quality of data. The collaboration allows for individual creativity in presenting and making data available to the community.
Recent study finds that anabolic steroid use during adolescence can permanently alter brain chemistry and increase aggression. Researchers at Northeastern University discovered a lengthy price to pay for drug abuse, which includes long-term aggressive behavior even after cessation of steroid use.
Researchers have developed a new method to non-destructively detect moisture within wall construction using ultra wide-band radio waves. Laboratory experiments demonstrated the ability to locate moisture pockets to within one centimeter, producing detailed three-dimensional maps of wet areas.
Researchers successfully adapted small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to rapidly characterize nanometer-scale grid-like patterns in chip circuitry. The technique offers better than one nanometer precision and could be an able substitute for current dimensional measurement tools.
A large-scale study found that long-term mortality in community-acquired pneumonia patients is influenced by factors such as age, nutritional status, and preexisting illnesses. The severity of pneumonia at initial presentation surprisingly did not predict mortality, with lower-grade fever actually linked to higher long-term death rates.
Scientists have developed new therapies targeting survivin and VEGF to induce cancer cell death. LY2181308 inhibits survivin expression, while a novel VEGF receptor, R2Fas, triggers apoptosis in blood vessels and cancer cells. These approaches show promise for treating various types of cancers.
A phase II trial found that 42% of patients with metastatic kidney cancer experienced at least a 25% reduction in tumor size, with 6 patients experiencing a 50% or greater response. The study's innovative design validated a new approach to phase II trial design.
A study by Argonne National Laboratory and Duke University found that the roots of loblolly pine trees can last up to 4.2 years, controlling CO2 absorption in soils. In contrast, sweetgum trees have shorter root lifetimes, leading to faster carbon transfer.
Asylum seekers in the US face increased anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms with prolonged detention. A new study suggests that these policies should be reviewed to address the mental health needs of this vulnerable population.
Scientists from Japan, Canada, and the US conclude a 1700 Japan tsunami was caused by a magnitude 9 North American earthquake. Computer simulations reveal the Cascadia subduction zone can produce such a massive earthquake, posing a threat to coastal regions.
The GSK Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program awarded $125,000 grants to Paul Bieniasz for genetic screening of cyclic peptides and Michael Farzan for tyrosine-sulfated peptides. Additionally, Michael H. Malim received a grant for his research on the Vif gene, which plays a critical role in HIV infection.
A global study found that caloric sweetener use increased worldwide, driven by soft drink consumption. The study analyzed data from 103 countries and showed a significant rise in added sugar intake between 1962 and 2000, primarily attributed to soft drinks and fruit drinks.
Researchers have successfully created self-assembling nano transistors using DNA, paving the way for large-scale manufacturing of nanoscale electronics. The transistors can be switched on and off by applying voltage to them, making them a promising application in computing technology.
Researchers discovered that mice lacking calcium channels exhibit constricted coronary arteries and fibrous tissue in their hearts, suggesting a potential target for treating cardiovascular disease. The study found that drugs targeting the T-channel, responsible for relaxation, might be used to open arteries.
The Mars landers will display images of EarthDials from around the world, showcasing differences in shadows between hemispheres and equator. The project aims to educate about timekeeping and our planet's unique features.
A new study found that ximelegatran, a novel oral thrombin inhibitor, is as effective as Coumadin in preventing strokes in people with atrial fibrillation but without the need for regular blood tests or dose adjustments. The drug has been shown to reduce major bleeding incidents and may be approved by the FDA within the next year.
The discovery of protein EB1 at the tip of Chlamydomonas flagella sheds new light on intraflagellar transport (IFT) and its regulation. IFT is crucial for flagellar growth and maintenance, and EB1 may play a key role in controlling the molecular transport system responsible for IFT.
Researchers discover that DARPP-32 interacts with multiple neurotransmitter systems to produce similar physiological symptoms in mice treated with LSD, PCP, and amphetamine. The findings provide new avenues for treating schizophrenia and suggest DARPP-32 as a critical regulator of neurotransmitters involved in mood and behavior.
NIST/University of Colorado researchers create a Bose-Einstein condensate of weakly bound molecules from a gas of fermionic potassium atoms cooled to 150 nanoKelvin. The molecular condensate was produced by passing through conditions that mimic fermionic superfluidity, paving the way for further research into this phenomenon.
Researchers found that T-type calcium channels are essential for normal nitric oxide-controlled relaxation, and their loss leads to constricted coronary arteries. The study provides insight into the role of this channel in coronary artery relaxation and may lead to new therapeutic targets.