Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors directly promote atherosclerosis in mice by inducing changes in macrophages. A commentary article proposes a mechanism and suggests ways to disrupt this process. The study has significant implications for the long-term use of these drugs in managing chronic HIV infection.
A study found that many doctors' offices struggled to consistently obtain enough Prevnar vaccine, with over half reporting they had run out completely in the past year. The nation's 'patchwork' system of vaccination, driven by varying state practices and private insurance, contributed to these inconsistencies.
Researchers found no difference in life expectancy between single- and multiple-fraction radiotherapy for painful bone metastases. Single-fraction radiotherapy is more cost-effective, with a lower treatment cost of $2,438 compared to $3,311 for multiple-fraction radiotherapy.
Researchers have found that bone marrow cells from transplants can relocate to brain tissue, carrying Y chromosomes into Purkinje cells involved in balance and movement. This discovery suggests that these cells may act as a repair squad to treat damaged tissues throughout the body.
Researchers found that selenium supplements reduced DNA damage in elderly male dogs' prostates, potentially benefiting aging prostate health. A separate study suggests a new retinoid treatment may prevent lung cancer in former smokers by restoring RAR-ß expression and reducing squamous metaplasia.
A study of 95 premenopausal women found a significant link between low estrogen levels and an increased prevalence of coronary artery disease. Women with hypoestrogenemia were more likely to experience adverse coronary arterial dysfunction, suggesting a higher mortality risk.
A team of researchers led by Michael R. Brent developed a new computer program to predict genes by analyzing patterns of evolutionary conservation. They identified 1,019 predicted novel mouse genes with high accuracy, including those involved in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and neural development.
A recent Ohio State University study found that computerizing physician orders reduced medication turn-around times by 64 percent, X-ray procedures by 43 percent, and lab tests by 25 percent. This led to improved work flow, efficiency, and accuracy in patient care.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have successfully produced all-female cultured stocks of Southern flounder using controlled-breeding methods and warm water temperature manipulation. This method has significant economic potential, as female flounder can grow up to two times larger than males within two years.
Researchers identified BRCA2 germline mutations in 19% of families with familial pancreatic cancer. The presence of specific frameshift mutations was found in 12% of the families studied. These findings suggest an important role for BRCA2 mutations in a subpopulation of families with familial pancreatic cancer.
Researchers found that mindfulness meditation increased activity in the left side of the frontal region, associated with lower anxiety and a more positive emotional state. The meditation group also showed a significantly larger increase in immune function compared to the control group.
Individuals with reduced functional Artemis protein are prone to mild immunodeficiency and increased risk of developing lymphomas. This finding suggests that mutations in Artemis or other DNA repair genes may be responsible for immune deficiency and/or lymphoma cases.
Researchers found that a vitamin A derivative, 9-cis retinoic acid, increased RAR-_ gene expression and reduced precancerous lesions in former smokers. While promising, the treatment also showed side effects, and further studies are needed to determine its effectiveness.
The new Civil War Newspapers website will feature scanned documents of selected newspapers from both North and South, providing detailed indexes and a comprehensive master index. This project aims to provide a valuable resource for historians, allowing them to access a vast amount of information on various topics related to the era.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that older divers remain healthy enough to dive safely as long as they do not have any underlying lung or heart conditions. The study used hyperbaric chambers to measure the effects of carbon dioxide retention on older and younger divers.
Researchers have identified a new gene, endothelial lipase (LIPG), that regulates HDL cholesterol levels and impacts the risk of developing heart disease. By altering LIPG expression in genetic models, scientists found an inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol and EL expression.
Researchers at UT Southwestern are developing a new procedure to eliminate graft-versus-host disease in bone-marrow transplants while retaining anti-leukemic activity. The approach uses immunotoxins to selectively target and eliminate harmful immune cells, with promising results in clinical trials.
A study found that colonoscopy perforation rates are twice as high as those of sigmoidoscopy. The risk of perforation from sigmoidoscopy was about half that of colonoscopy, with 5% of perforations resulting in death within 14 days.
Researchers found depression before surgery significantly increased hospitalization for cardiac reasons six months post-operative, with patients experiencing prolonged surgical pain and failure to return to normal activities. Depression also persisted post-surgery, often unrecognized and untreated.
A new report by Newcastle University and Sunderland University found that many male soldiers and officers still struggle with adjusting to the presence of women in the organization. Women are often portrayed as a disruption or sexualized in media images, influencing Army perceptions and policies.
A study by Ohio State University found that children living in owned homes outperform those in rental units, with higher math and reading achievement scores. The researchers attribute this difference to the better home environment, including safety, maintenance, and educational materials.
A study of 61 patients with HIV-related peripheral neuropathy found that psychotherapy reduced pain intensity and improved daily life functions. However, high dropout rates and short attendance periods made it challenging to assess the treatment's effectiveness.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that faceguards reduced facial injuries by 35% and safety balls cut ball-related injuries by 29%. The research analyzed over 6.7 million player-seasons of Little League participation, making it the largest and most comprehensive study of its kind.
A study examining ambulance transport data in Toronto found that diversion can cause important delays for critically ill patients. The researchers used data from 3609 patients with chest pain in 1997 and 1999 to show a 28.4% increase in transport intervals during periods of high overcrowding.
Researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center found that family-friendly policies should prioritize protecting work from disruptions and fostering productivity. The study suggests that learning opportunities at work can be applied at home, providing a more beneficial balance between work and family life.
Research suggests that lying awake for long periods and having disrupted sleep patterns increase the risk of death among older adults. Interventions aiming to improve sleep quality may also prolong life and enhance overall well-being in this age group.
A Canadian study analyzing 47,000 Ontario patients reveals a strong correlation between wealth and access to angiography procedures. The findings suggest that disparities in healthcare are unlikely to be resolved by increasing the overall availability of these procedures.
A study examining ephedra's effects found it was more likely to cause negative side effects than other herbs; sale of ephedra as a supplement should be restricted or banned due to increased risk. A hospital discharge period is also deemed dangerous for patients, with one in five experiencing adverse events after going home.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found an association between impaired glucose regulation and reduced hippocampal volume, leading to poorer memory performance. This suggests that improving glucose tolerance may have significant treatment implications for age-related cognitive decline.
The article highlights the critical state of primary care in the United States, citing organizational and financial pressures that threaten its viability. The UCSF-led report proposes seven principles for reconstructing primary care, focusing on patient-centered care, adequate reimbursement, and improved education.
A comparative herbal study found that ephedra is hundreds of times riskier than other commonly used herbs, posing a risk 200 times greater than all other herbal supplements combined. The study's findings prompted calls for more stringent regulation or banning of the substance by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
The LabWrite Web site provides step-by-step instruction on writing lab reports, including goal-setting, data organization, and visualization. Students using the tool showed statistically significant improvement in lab-report scores and attitudes toward lab reports.
Purdue University researchers have discovered how RNA molecules bind energy-bearing ATP molecule, enabling physical work and potential applications in nanotechnology. The discovery sheds light on RNA's role in creation of living things and may unlock new methods for delivering therapeutic molecules.
A Cornell University library sciences study found that instructors setting minimal bibliographic guidelines for research led to a return of citation levels to pre-Internet era. Students now obtain references from original sources like government papers and legal documents more easily online.
Researchers found a 6.9% annual increase in complex severe sepsis cases and a slight increase in ICU admissions. Despite this, sepsis-related mortality decreased by approximately 4% over the seven-year period.
Groundbreaking studies show that marine protected areas can help maintain migratory species populations and increase fish catches, while also providing economic benefits for society. However, the optimal MPA size varies depending on specific situations, with estimates suggesting sizes of 25-70% of the total area.
In Nova Scotia, a 52% increase in out-of-hospital cancer deaths between 1992 and 1997 was observed. This trend poses challenges for the healthcare system, particularly palliative care.
Research by Dr. Karen Hjerl and colleagues found that depression before diagnosis may boost the risk of death for women with advanced breast cancer, but not those in early stages. The study used Danish national health registries to analyze data from 20,593 women.
A recent study reveals that Icelanders are more genetically diverse than previously thought, with higher rates of nucleotide differences and population admixture. This contradicts earlier claims of genetic homogeneity, which were largely based on flawed data and errors in publicly accessible databases.
A recent study found that up to 63% of pediatric practices in the Washington D.C. area contradict their own policies on confidential care for adolescents when answering phone calls.
African-American infants are disproportionately affected by sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) due to sleeping on non-crib surfaces or sharing a bed with adults. The study highlights the need for public awareness campaigns to address this racial disparity and promotes the use of cribs as the only safe places for sleeping babies.
Researchers found that both groups of parents reported making active, informed decisions for their babies' heart surgery. Fathers in the prenatal diagnosis group had less anxiety and higher optimism than those with postnatal diagnoses. The study suggests that parental informed consent is related to the timing of the child's diagnosis.
A study by Express Scripts found that stimulant prescription claims for school-age children are concentrated in the South and Midwest, with higher-income communities also showing higher usage. States like Louisiana had a rate of 6.5 stimulant prescriptions per 100 eligible, while the District of Columbia had a much lower rate of 1.6.
The Field Museum's Center for Cultural Understanding and Change has launched an Institute to develop museum-based public interest anthropology. The program aims to facilitate interaction between communities and universities on critical social issues.
A new vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus has shown promise against HIV by inducing a powerful T-cell-based immune response in mice. The vaccine avoids the issue of pre-existing immunity seen with human adenovirus vaccines.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center found that malfunctioning beta-spectrin genes cause defects in embryonic development and interfere with TGF-beta functions, which are crucial for growth and cancer progression. This discovery has important implications for human disease research and treatment.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory develop a new method to set the level of gene activity in stem cells using RNA interference, revealing distinct forms of lymphoma based on p53 levels. The study establishes RNAi as a convenient alternative to traditional gene knockout strategies.
Researchers found that the arginine variant of p53 is more efficient at killing cells and travels out of the nucleus to function in the mitochondria. This discovery could lead to personalized cancer treatment by tailoring therapy based on a patient's p53 variant type.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have found that oxygen levels play a crucial role in transforming adult stem cells from fat into cartilage cells. Under low-oxygen conditions, the stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes, which can potentially repair damaged cartilage.
Researchers found moderate cell death in brain regions involved in learning and memory, as well as significant learning and memory deficits in infant rats exposed to common pediatric anesthesia drugs. The study suggests that prolonged exposure to these anesthetics may be problematic for developing brains.