A recent study provides new hope for understanding autoimmune diseases like pemphigus foliaceus by identifying an inexpensive blood test that can detect antibodies and intervene to halt disease progression. Environmental factors, including mercury exposure, ultraviolet radiation, and female hormones, are also being investigated as pote...
The share of top US citizen scorers on the Graduate Record Exam heading to graduate school in natural sciences and engineering increased by 31 percent between 2001 and 1998. This uptick is comparable to the gain in all score levels of examinees who intended to enroll in graduate school, suggesting a surge in interest in STEM fields.
A Stanford research team is studying how mouth microbes interact with their hosts to shape immune system development. They have identified new microorganisms in the oral pocket that were previously unknown and are working to understand complex interactions between oral flora.
According to Rutgers sociologist, the DOE's Long Term Stewardship program ignores worst-case scenarios, fails to consider public disasters. The agency relies on flawed engineering barriers and institutional rules to mitigate risks, according to Clarke.
Researchers discovered that lactating mammary glands can sense changes in calcium levels and adjust milk production accordingly. The calcium-sensing receptor plays a key role in this process, allowing the gland to match milk production with the availability of calcium in the mother's body.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have confirmed that cord blood stem cells can differentiate into heart muscle cells and produce a critical enzyme to halt progressive damage. Additionally, cord blood transplants appear to slow or halt brain damage caused by metabolic diseases such as Sanfilippo Syndrome.
Researchers have found that a clinically approved drug for chronic hepatitis B can block the action of an anthrax toxin. Adefovir dipivoxil effectively reduces the effects of edema factor, one of two deadly toxins produced by anthrax, at non-toxic doses.
Most cloned embryos are unable to reprogram their genes and develop normally, behaving like hybrids instead. Dr. Keith Latham's research highlights the challenges in cloning success.
A new statistical technique called wavelet bootstrapping enables researchers to extract meaningful information from a single data run by applying re-sampling methods in the wavelet domain. This technique has applications in geophysical sciences, bioinformatics, and medical imaging, among others.
A new 3D fabrication technique uses light-activated molecules to create complex microstructures with sub-micron features. The technique, called two-photon 3D lithography, has the potential to compete with existing processes for fabricating microfluidic devices and optical elements.
Researchers have found that genetic variations can affect an individual's response to alcohol, with some genes contributing to increased sensitivity and others to tolerance. The study suggests that understanding these biological markers can help develop new treatments for alcohol dependence.
Researchers successfully cloned mice from olfactory cell nuclei, demonstrating totipotent development and normal brain function. The study expands understanding of neuronal diversity and offers insights into reprogramming mature cells.
A panel discussion at Stanford Medicine explores thorny issues posed by technology, including non-traditional families and reproductive cloning. The discussion aims to address concerns over the responsible use of new reproductive and genetic technologies.
Researchers have developed a new method to find communities in large, complex networks, revealing structure and commonalities among members. The technique was tested on college football conferences with over 90% accuracy, showing promise for understanding systems like food webs and social networks.
Experts argue that electronic voting machines should print a paper copy of the ballot, allowing voters to inspect and verify their votes. The push for a 'voter-verifiable paper audit trail' aims to prevent machine errors and ensure election integrity.
Research integrating genetics and paleontology aims to resolve human evolution debates by combining fossil records with genetic data. A recent study on baboon teeth shows that enamel thickness can vary widely within a population, challenging long-held assumptions.
Researchers found that loblolly pine forests grown in high CO2 conditions exhibit varying growth rates depending on soil moisture. Nitrogen deficiencies limit tree growth in dry years, while excess nitrogen makes a difference in wet years.
Research found brief, in-person interventions are best for hazardous drinkers under 24. Computerized approaches with individualized feedback also show promise for college students. These methods can be delivered through electronic means, addressing barriers such as distance and fear of judgment.
Deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems are being destroyed by commercial fishing, especially bottom trawling. Scientists call for governments to protect these newly discovered ecosystems, which provide habitat for marine wildlife and contain chemicals that could become medicines.
Research by Richard Norby and colleagues at ORNL found that young trees and green plants respond favorably to elevated CO2 levels, with a 24% increase in net primary productivity. However, the long-term effect of carbon dioxide fertilization on mature trees and soil sequestration is still debated.
Researchers created immortal human nerve cells by introducing a telomerase gene into progenitor cells, allowing them to continuously divide and produce specific types of neurons. The cells were used to partially repair damaged spinal cords in laboratory animals without forming tumors.
Scientists at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute are studying the impact of carbon dioxide on the ocean, which could help predict global climate change. The research also explores the potential for iron fertilization to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels.
The Nanophotonics Group at Cornell University has developed tools to guide and switch light in low-index materials, including air or a vacuum. This technology enables the use of a wide variety of low-index materials, including polymers, and could speed up the day when home use of fiber-optic lines becomes practical.
Biophysicists at Cornell University have developed a new technique to optically record millisecond-by-millisecond signaling through nerve cells. The method combines multiphoton microscopy with specially developed dyes and second-harmonic generation, allowing for high-resolution images of brain nerve impulses. This breakthrough could he...
Scientists propose that alterations in cholesterol and ceramide contribute to neurodegenerative cascade destroying neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Oxidative stress triggered by beta amyloid peptide leads to ceramide accumulation, causing nerve cell death.
Chiu presented her research on correlating gene changes with limb structure, a topic of interest to paleoanthropologists. By studying the mouse, she found that significant developmental differences are due to changes in gene regulation.
Computer scientists at Cornell University have developed an algorithm to identify influential people in online communities. The method uses web crawlers to map communications links and can be applied to various goals such as product sales, disease prediction, or identifying terrorist leaders.
Researchers found a significant bias against recovered memories, with an average rating of 3.6 compared to 4.0 for continuous memories. This bias may be caused by imprecise terminology and misleading media reports, which can harm victims of child abuse.
Scientists, including Stephen H. Schneider, will discuss challenges of assessing and communicating scientific risk in managing marine fisheries. Schneider also emphasizes the importance of effective science communication to counter false dichotomies in media coverage.
A University of Minnesota physicist reveals surprising accuracy in superhero comics regarding basic physical concepts. He uses Superman as an example to calculate the strength needed for superhuman feats.
Research by Susan Goldin-Meadow found that adults develop a syntax similar to deaf children's gesture systems when communicating through hand gestures. The study suggests that the order of gestures reflects a more fundamental property of human thought, independent of communication.
Researchers successfully cloned three mule foals, including Idaho Gem, using increased calcium concentrations in the media. This breakthrough may aid understanding of human diseases, as equine cell activation and division rates can be accelerated by exposure to calcium.
Researchers found that traditional Iroquois cropping systems, mimicking natural polycultures, outperform monoculture methods in controlling pests and diseases. The 'three sisters' system also promotes soil fertility through crop residue recycling.
Researchers conclude that large pools of carbon on land may shrink in the coming century, affecting carbon removal. Planting trees remains an effective way to sequester carbon, but growth rates are unlikely to be supercharged.
Research found that acetylcholine helps keep old information from interfering with new learning, while anticholinergic medications can impair memory function. The study suggests targeting cognitive 'stress tests' to detect early dementia symptoms and discourages chronic use of medications with anticholinergic effects.
Recent studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be effective in treating social anxiety in alcohol-dependent individuals, particularly those with severe depression. Additionally, anticonvulsants like sodium valproate and atypical antipsychotics like clozapine show promise in reducing alcohol use among bi...
Researchers have developed materials that enable wavelength division multiplexing, transmitting 5 terabits of data per second. These new materials require less than one-fifth the voltage needed for standard lithium niobate crystals, improving performance by nearly fivefold in just four years.
The AAAS survey found that nearly 80% of Americans believe human stresses are threatening coastal regions and oceans. Despite this, a significant majority - nearly two-thirds - would eat less fish if it helped protect natural resources. The town hall meeting aims to bridge the gap between scientists, policymakers, and the public.
A national study of 44 African-American Ph.D. chemists found that despite experiencing discriminatory practices and attitudes, most respondents had positive feelings about chemistry and built successful careers. The study highlights the importance of mentoring as a key factor in overcoming obstacles.
Science teacher training should focus on understanding how students learn, rather than just teaching strategies. Recruiting talented undergraduate science majors as teachers can significantly improve the preparation of science educators.
The study found increasing calcium levels in cloned equine embryos led to improved pregnancy rates and successful births. The research also suggests a link between calcium regulation and human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.
The AAAS symposium features educators and authors using popular culture to make physics accessible. Chemical physicist Catherine Asaro uses romance novels infused with quantum physics, while Professor James Kakalios illustrates physics principles through superhero comics.
The number of women faculty of color in academia is low and stagnant, with implications for students, research quality, and the educational experience. Strategies such as individual mentorship, institutional support programs, and clear criteria for tenure can help address this deficit and promote diversity in STEM fields.
The US National Science Foundation (NSF) is funding sensor research to monitor environmental factors, structural integrity, and health threats. Sensor networks will enable early detection of climate change, earthquakes, and biological hazards.
New neutrino research has significant implications for technological advancements and our understanding of the universe. The study aims to improve techniques for making clean materials and detect clandestine nuclear weapons tests, while also shedding light on the role of neutrinos in the early universe and star explosions.
National Ocean Commissioners and scientists propose a holistic ecosystem-based approach to manage the oceans, shifting from single-species management to integrated governance. This approach aims to restore ocean health by considering the interconnectedness of species and ecosystems.
Michigan State University ecologist Jianguo 'Jack' Liu says embracing ambiguity is key to environmental policy, focusing on interactions of different policies rather than isolated fixes. Liu's work at China's Wolong Nature Reserve shows unexpected effects from policies due to human nature and complexity.
A new perspective on placebos suggests that they can be effective in healthcare settings without relying on 'dummy' medication. According to Professor Howard Brody, features of a positive healing environment, including care and compassion from healthcare providers, play a crucial role in treating patients.
The report provides nine design principles for success in higher education, including institutional leadership, targeted recruitment, and enriched research experience. These principles aim to increase participation of underrepresented groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields.
Recent research on aerosols suggests they can have substantial impacts on local heat budgets, exceeding those of greenhouse gases. Aerosol compositions and effects are being studied for their implications on regional climate change and human health.
Researchers use computer models to simulate the spread of diseases and develop strategies for containment. The models help predict how many people should be vaccinated or treated with antibiotics, providing critical information for public health officials.
The US Department of Energy allocates $318 million for fuel cell and hydrogen research, focusing on efficient production and storage. New technologies aim to reduce emissions and enhance energy security.
The US government is expected to issue a draft report with recommendations for ocean policy, addressing issues like resource stewardship and pollution prevention. The commission's report emphasizes the need for ecosystem-based management to sustain long-term exploitation.
Traditional access control with passwords is insufficient for protecting complex data, according to experts. Adding filters to outgoing data can help prevent unauthorized access and ensure that sensitive information is only shared with authorized users.
Researchers found that anthrax spores can germinate, reproduce and form new spores in soil samples, defying the long-held belief that they require a host to survive. The study suggests that the deadly pathogen may be more versatile and resilient than initially thought.
A study in Egypt found cultural differences between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims on IVF, with strict rules on third-party donation. Middle Eastern societies prioritize biological children due to prohibition of adoption and gamete donation.
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have identified a vast array of 4,000 distinctive proteins in human blood plasma, surpassing previous reports by 10 times. This significant advance paves the way for the early detection of cancer and other diseases.
Dr. Offit reviews scientific evidence on vaccine safety, finding no link between vaccines and weakened immune systems, allergic or autoimmune diseases, or mercury injury. The Vaccine Education Center provides up-to-date science-based information on vaccines and preventable diseases.
Roald Hoffmann highlights the overlooked scientific achievements of his wife, Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier, and her husband Antoine Lavoisier. The collection at Cornell University provides insight into their lives and work.
Dr. Anseth's team has developed an injectable scaffold to regenerate cartilaginous tissue using light-activated chemistries, with potential applications in treating Parkinson's disease by injecting stem cells into human brains.