Gearing up for flooding season
The Dartmouth Flood Observatory expects a busy 2004 due to increasing flood events worldwide. The observatory's global inventory of flooding events may help assess global climate change.
Science News Archive 2004
Browse by Month - 2004
Page 1 of 135
In young women, depression can mean literal heartbreak
A national health survey found that depression in young women is associated with an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of factors linked to heart disease. The study also suggests that depression can cause physiological changes that increase the risk of heart disease.
Treating individuals: How generalisable are trial data?
The article discusses limitations of trial data generalizability and proposes recommendations to improve reporting and external validity. It emphasizes the need for increased consideration of external validity in guidelines and primary reports of RCTs and systematic reviews.
Surgical treatment of migraines reduces sick days and increases employee productivity ASPS study
The study found that surgical treatment significantly reduced migraine frequency, intensity, and duration for 92% of patients. This led to a notable decrease in missed workdays from 4.4 to 1.2 days per month, saving employees approximately $6,687 annually.
Minority researchers receive AACR awards
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has awarded scholarships to minority researchers, aiming to increase diversity in the field of cancer research. The recipients, all from underrepresented groups, will receive funding to attend AACR Special Conferences and further their careers.
Government solutions won't cure kids' obesity, survey says
A national survey found that most people believe parents have a significant role in addressing childhood obesity. The study suggests that public support for nutrition and exercise education in schools is high, but opposition to intensive regulation or taxation of unhealthy foods is also present.
AACR supports faculty at minority-serving institutions
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has supported nine faculty members from minority-serving institutions with $16,000 awards to attend special conferences in 2004. The winners were chosen by an Advisory Committee and are engaged in meritorious cancer research.
15-year study shows strong link between fast food, obesity and insulin resistance
A 15-year study found that frequent fast food consumption is associated with a significant increase in body weight and insulin resistance, even after accounting for other lifestyle factors. The study suggests that reducing fast food intake may help mitigate the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Repeated unexpected infant deaths most likely to be from natural causes
A recent study analyzed 6373 infants who completed a support program for parents experiencing SIDS. The findings suggest that most second and third unexpected infant deaths are due to natural causes. Eighty to ninety percent of cases were determined to be natural, with the remaining ten percent having unclear or suspicious circumstances.
Frequent fast food meals increase weight, diabetes risk, NHLBI study says
A 15-year study found that eating at fast-food restaurants more than twice a week is associated with significant weight gain and increased insulin resistance. The study highlights the importance of healthy eating habits to mitigate these risks.
Heart failure patients treated for diabetes with insulin have increase in mortality
A new study has identified a high mortality rate among advanced heart failure patients who use insulin to manage diabetes. Researchers found one-year survival rates of 62.1% for insulin-treated diabetic patients, compared to 89.7% for non-diabetic patients and 85.8% for non-insulin-treated diabetic patients.
AACR recognizes women in cancer research
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has recognized and supported 17 women in cancer research this year, providing them with scholarships to attend conferences. The awardees are from various backgrounds, including graduate students, medical students, and postdoctoral fellows.
US study highlights clear link between increased fast-food consumption and obesity
A US study found a strong link between frequent fast-food consumption and weight gain, as well as increased insulin resistance in young black and white adults. The study of over 3000 participants showed that those who ate at fast food restaurants more frequently gained more weight and developed insulin resistance.
Specialist available to discuss the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and patient quality of life
Researchers developed a PCOS-specific questionnaire to measure disease-related dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ) improves quality of life perception with therapy, particularly for hirsutism and excess weight.
Pegaptanib provides benefit for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
The study demonstrates a statistically significant and clinically meaningful benefit of pegaptanib in treating wet AMD. Treatment with pegaptanib reduces the risk of visual-acuity loss, promotes stability of vision, and may lead to more visual improvement in some patients.
Poor response to chemotherapy does not mean poor outcome for patients with rare breast cancer
Researchers found women with invasive lobular carcinoma have a different disease type, benefiting from tailored treatment approaches. Alternative therapies like hormonal treatments may be more effective for this rare form of breast cancer.
Study explores antibiotic misuse
A recent study explores the issue of antibiotic misuse, finding that more than half of patients in the US are taking unnecessary antibiotics for colds and flu. The study aims to educate providers and patients on proper use of antibiotics, highlighting the risks of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Veterans in better health than other residents of nursing homes, new test for evaluating tinnitus
A new test for tinnitus evaluates loudness and pitch using an automated procedure. Veterans are found to be more independent in daily activities and less physically disabled than their peers residing in community nursing homes, suggesting the impact of extensive rehabilitation services available to veterans.
Exercise combats metabolic syndrome in older adults
The study found substantial improvements in exercise groups, including a 16% increase in aerobic fitness and a 17% increase in strength fitness. In contrast, the control group showed less improvement, indicating that exercise is an effective treatment for metabolic syndrome in older adults.
Chip-scale magnetic sensor draws on mini clock design
Researchers at NIST have developed a low-power, mini clock design inspired magnetometer that can detect magnetic field changes as small as 50 picoteslas. The device is about the size of a grain of rice and can be powered with batteries.
$6.7 million for bionic war on disabilities
Researchers at the University of Utah are developing a wireless version of the Utah Electrode Array, which will enable people with paralysis to control devices with their minds. The project aims to implant the device in the brains of blind individuals and paraplegics, allowing them to see, stand, and walk again.
Getting pregnant while on the pill: Yet another health hazard of being overweight
A study by Victoria Holt found that overweight and obese women on oral contraceptives have a significantly higher risk of getting pregnant due to body-mass index. The study suggests that an additional two to four women will get pregnant per year among those who are overweight or obese.
Mouse brain tumors mimic those in human genetic disorder
Researchers found that new blood vessels and immune system cells are essential to tumor formation, making them promising drug targets; however, brain images used for diagnosis may not be informative.
Flame retardant exposure linked to house dust
A new study by NIST/EPA finds high concentrations of PBDEs in household dust, suggesting a primary source of exposure for humans. Small children are at highest risk due to their tendency to put hands and toys in their mouths.
Triple-drug therapy promising against African HIV subtype
A recent study found that patients with previously untreated HIV-1 infection, especially those co-infected with pulmonary TB or KS, showed rapid responses to triple-drug therapy. After three months, nearly all patients achieved undetectable HIV RNA levels and experienced significant increases in CD4 cell counts.
Highlights of January Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Research reveals that nearly 90% of adults and children consume caffeine from coffee, soft drinks, and tea, while 62% of parents with chronically ill children use dietary supplements without their healthcare provider's knowledge. This raises concerns about potential adverse drug-herb interactions.
Cervical cancer treatment depends on patient age
A study of over 1,500 cervical cancer patients found that older women received less surgery and radiation therapy than younger counterparts. Treatment choices were influenced by tumor stage, medical conditions, and advanced age, which independently affected survival rates.
New technique for tracking gene regulators
Researchers have created a method to identify gene regulator proteins' roles in cell differentiation, cancer, and more. By analyzing genome-binding sites, they've identified 6,302 binding sites for CREB, including those near known genes.
Major advance made in transparent electronics
A new class of 'thin-film' materials has been developed, offering higher mobility, better chemical stability, and ease of manufacture. These amorphous heavy-metal cation multicomponent oxides could lead to new electronic devices, such as gas sensors, consumer electronics, and military equipment.
University of Chicago researchers discovered that humans are a 'privileged' evolutionary lineage
Researchers discovered human brain evolution accelerated due to intense selection favoring complex cognitive abilities. Brain-related genes evolved faster in humans and macaques compared to rats and mice. Many genes, including those controlling brain size and behavior, were impacted by this selective process.
Animal experiments more stressful than previously recognized
A new study reviews 80 published studies, finding that routine animal handling, blood collection, and force-feeding can cause significant stress responses. This stress can lead to impaired immune function and elevated levels of stress hormones.
UT Southwestern researchers find calcium intake contributing factor in formation of kidney stones
Researchers found that urinary calcium levels play a significant role in the formation of both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones. The studies suggest that patients with elevated intestinal calcium absorption and urinary calcium levels may need to limit their calcium intake to prevent kidney stone formation.
OHSU researcher says FDA could broaden access to results of clinical drug trials
OHSU researcher recommends increasing public access to FDA's clinical trials registry and results database. This would provide a comprehensive view of drug efficacy and safety, benefiting healthcare providers, researchers, and the public. The FDA could make its reviews more user-friendly with minimal staffing increases.
UCLA-VA study names India dietary staple as potential Alzheimer's weapon
A UCLA-VA study found that curcumin inhibits beta amyloid formation and breaks up existing brain plaques in genetically altered mice. Curcumin's low molecular weight and polar structure allow it to penetrate the blood-brain barrier effectively, making it a promising treatment option for Alzheimer's disease.
Evidence that human brain evolution was a special event
A study found that genes controlling brain development and function evolved significantly faster in the human lineage than in other species. This suggests that strong selective forces favored larger and more complex brains, leading to a dramatic speeding up of evolution.
Geologist comments on Oregon's tsunami hazard
Scientists studying uplift along the Oregon coast reveal similarities with past earthquakes, indicating an accumulation of strain for a potential future earthquake. A tsunami could cause widespread damage from Northern California to Vancouver, B.C., with waves arriving within minutes after shaking ends.
Ants' 'genetic engineering' leads to species interdependency
In two harvester ant populations, queens and workers from the same colonies are genetically very different, with only queens coming from pure species-specific lineages. The ants have committed to a hybrid workforce strategy, relying on interspecific hybrid workers for survival.
Special JAMA commentary on lessons learned from troubles with COX-2 inhibitors
The author highlights the need for more trials to assess cardiovascular risks of COX-2 inhibitors in clinical settings. The FDA's authority is crucial in ensuring the safety profile of prescription medicines and restoring public trust.
Bound for destruction
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology identified Nedd4 as a key player in protecting the Notch receptor from activation. The study found that Nedd4 works as an antagonist of Notch signaling, suppressing its activity and preventing molecular loose cannons from fouling the precisely ordered workplan.
Mayo Clinic finds restless legs syndrome in children linked to family history, iron deficiency
A Mayo Clinic study found that children with restless legs syndrome have a higher risk of family history and iron deficiency, which may be linked to the condition. The study examined 538 children and found that 72% had a family history of restless legs syndrome, with mothers being three times more likely to be affected.
Vollum Institute discovery may unlock human genome
Scientists at the Vollum Institute have developed a technique to understand gene regulation, uncovering 6,300 regulatory regions that map to distinct sites on the genome. This breakthrough may help unravel the genomic instruction set governing gene expression in different cell types.
Study suggests obesity has lesser financial impact on African-Americans
A recent study published in the Journal of American Public Health found that African-Americans with higher body mass index (BMI) did not have significantly higher healthcare spending compared to those with lower BMIs. In contrast, white Americans and people under 35 with higher BMI had increased healthcare costs.
Antarctic iced over when greenhouse gases - not ocean currents - shifted, study suggests
A study suggests that high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere led to rapid cooling and the formation of Antarctica's ice sheet. Fossil evidence from deep-sea core samples indicates cold-loving plankton were present in the waters east of Antarctica, contradicting theories that warm ocean currents kept the continent ice-free.
Federal/private partners launch resource for diabetic kidney disease gene studies
The Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) collection provides nearly 10,000 DNA and clinical data samples from adults with type 1 diabetes in the US and Canada. The resource aims to study genes linked to kidney disease and diabetes.
Growth of common skin cancer blocked in gene-switch mice
Researchers have identified a subset of tumor cells that resist inhibition of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, leading to cancer recurrence. However, targeting these residual cell populations could lead to effective treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
New signaling step for key player in Crohn's Disease
Research reveals NOD2 activation leads to modification of NEMO, a central component of the NF-kB signaling pathway controlling inflammatory responses. This discovery suggests a potential pharmacological target for Crohn's Disease treatment.
Tobacco-company-sponsored parties with free cigarettes may encourage students to start smoking
A recent study found that students who attended tobacco-industry-sponsored social events were more likely to be current smokers. The events, often held in bars and nightclubs, can be a powerful inducement to begin smoking, especially for those who had not started by age 19.
Patients with cancer detected on screening mammography undergo less toxic treatment
Women diagnosed with breast cancer through physical examination are more likely to undergo chemotherapy and mastectomy compared to those detected by screening mammography. The study found that cancers detected by mammography were smaller and had lower rates of lymph node spread, allowing for less-toxic treatment options.
Mice with depression-like behaviors reveal possible source of human depression
Researchers engineered mice to lose glucocorticoid receptors, showing an increase in depression-like behaviors and impaired regulation of stress response. This study suggests that genetic makeup may play a role in triggering depression by affecting the brain's ability to regulate adrenal hormones.
Finding lymph node metastases in cancer
A new technique detects lymph node metastases in cancer patients using nanoparticles and MRI, providing unprecedented accuracy and potentially sparing unnecessary surgery. The method involves tracking nodes with magnetic particles, identifying patterns for normal and malignant nodes, and generating a 3D reconstruction of the lymph nodes.
An unusual RNA structure in the SARS virus offers a promising target for antiviral drugs
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have identified a highly conserved RNA structure, known as s2m RNA, in the SARS virus. This unique feature appears to be capable of binding to proteins involved in regulating protein synthesis in cells, leading scientists to hypothesize that it may hijack the host cell's machinery for viral use.
Study investigates value of 'center of excellence' designation
A recent study investigated whether NCI cancer centers have better outcomes due to their designation. The research found that perioperative mortality was lower at these centers for four out of six procedures, but five-year survival rates did not differ significantly between the two types of institutions.
Do cigarette additives pose additional risk to smokers?
The Life Sciences Research Office has established scientific criteria to assess the impact of non-tobacco additives on cigarette smokers. The criteria focus on identifying potential risks and determining safe levels of additives, while considering inhalation testing within a smoke matrix.
New guidelines for treating pediatric migraine released
The new guidelines provide a comprehensive review of related studies on the most effective medicines to treat migraine attacks and prevent attacks in children with frequent migraines. However, the authors found insufficient evidence to recommend the use of certain preventive agents, such as cyproheptadine and amitriptyline.
Research finds people with migraine headaches report more angina, but not more heart disease
A study by Dr. Kathryn M. Rose found that individuals with migraines or other severe headaches were three times more likely to report chest pain compared to those without such conditions. However, the study did not find a significant association between headaches and coronary heart disease.
Is it ethical to use enhancement technologies to make us better than well?
Biomedical technologies aim to improve appearance, emotions, and overall well-being through enhancements. However, experts Arthur Caplan and Carl Elliott debate the ethics of these technologies, citing potential side effects and societal consequences.
Does cancer run in families?
Researchers analyzed data from Iceland's National Cancer Registry and deCODE genetics database to investigate cancer risk in families. The study found that for 16 out of 27 cancers studied, relatives of patients were at a significantly higher risk of developing the same type of cancer. Lifestyle factors like smoking and diet also contr...
Finding cures for tropical diseases: Is open source an answer?
A decentralized, Web-based, community-wide effort called the Tropical Diseases Initiative (TDI) proposes an open-source approach to discovering new drugs for neglected diseases. By adopting this model, scientists from laboratories, universities, and corporations can work together to develop affordable treatments for tropical diseases s...
MDCT angiography can potentially help determine which patients are at greater risk of stroke
A new study suggests that MDCT angiography can determine which patients with narrowed carotid arteries are at greater risk of having a stroke. Patients with calcified plaques were found to be 21 times less likely to have had symptoms than those with noncalcified plaques.
Blood protein predicts risk of heart attack
A new study links higher MBL protein levels to reduced risk of heart attack, particularly in individuals with diabetes. The protein's role in clearing oxidized cholesterol from arteries may be a key factor.