The study suggests that the fear of wolves among herbivores influences vegetation growth in Yellowstone. Restoration goals should focus on recovering natural processes, rather than managing specific species. The findings have implications for other regions with similar ecological dynamics.
Research finds that leptin controls hypothalamic prohormone convertases 1 and 2, influencing thyrotopin-releasing hormone production. This regulation plays a key role in energy balance and may lead to novel treatments for obesity and thyroid axis disorders.
A study of children with mild to moderate asthma found that a significant number experienced a decline in lung function over four to six years. Children who were male, younger, and had shorter duration of asthma were more likely to experience this decline, regardless of treatment.
Regular family meals are associated with better nutritional intake, lower substance use, and improved emotional health among adolescent girls. The study found that frequent family mealtimes can be a protective factor against various negative outcomes, including suicidal involvement.
A sub-study of the FASG-05 trial found that a higher dose of ELLENCE improved disease-free and overall survival in patients with node-positive breast cancer. The study also showed a low risk of adverse cardiac events, despite concerns about cardiotoxicity.
A study of over 113,000 adolescents from 25 countries found that involvement in bullying was associated with poor physical health, emotional adjustment, school performance, peer relationships, alcohol use, and carrying weapons. The researchers also observed a significant overlap between bullies, victims, and bully-victims.
A new study using wavefront diagnostic equipment has shown that different types of cataracts produce identifiable results, allowing for accurate measurement of visual errors and improved treatment. This technology can help reduce the number of patients unable to receive early treatment due to inadequate or outdated testing methods.
YY1 regulates p53 at multiple levels, decreasing its amount in cells and blocking its interaction with cofactors. This discovery offers new targeting options for therapies to prevent transcription factors from interacting with other proteins.
A study of 2,220 patients with acute coronary artery disease found that early invasive treatment showed a benefit in preventing heart attack or death, especially for older patients. A survey also revealed significant salary disparities between female and male medical faculty members in the US.
The proportion of Tennessee children using antipsychotic medications for conditions other than psychosis nearly doubled between 1996 and 2001, with significant increases in ADHD and affective disorders. The study suggests an urgent need for well-controlled clinical studies to weigh the benefits against the risks.
The Virginia Tech/Loughborough University team designed Centuria, a plane that can replace single-engine general aviation vehicles. The team successfully created a new jet engine optimized for low flight speeds at low altitudes, meeting the needs of thousands of pilots who fly below 10,000 feet and 250 knots.
Researchers found that adherence to St-Gallen guidelines improved overall survival at 7 years, especially for those at moderate risk of recurrence. Women whose treatment conformed to guideline recommendations experienced better survival and lower recurrence rates compared to those with non-guideline therapy.
A team of researchers developed a mathematical model to explain the 5-second delay between head motion and vertigo attacks, suggesting that tiny particles called otoconia may be responsible. The study used hydrodynamic models to show that loose otoconia can cause disruptions in the inner ear, leading to dizziness.
Researchers at BaBar Collaboration have discovered a new way in which matter-antimatter asymmetry occurs, known as CP direct violation. The study found a significant difference in decay rates between B mesons and their antimatter counterparts.
Researchers found that administering CD34+ cells to mice with stroke damage led to increased new blood vessel growth and improved neural regeneration through the production of growth factors. The findings provide direct evidence for the importance of angiogenesis in repairing stroke damage.
MayoClinic.com empowers people to manage their health with useful and up-to-date information and tools from a team of over 2,000 physicians and scientists. The site is owned by Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research and serves as a dependable source of health information.
Researchers find that pocket gophers' underground activities increase plant diversity and productivity by loosening soil and aerating it. This discovery has implications for restoring native habitats in California.
Researchers identified myosin heavy chain as a selective target in cancer cachexia, a condition characterized by muscle wasting. The study found that TNF-a/IFN-g-dependent loss of myosin heavy chain occurred through different mechanisms depending on the model used.
Researchers found that a specific adult stem cell travels to the lung through the bloodstream and produces collagen, leading to scar tissue formation. Blocking this mechanism may reduce pulmonary fibrosis, offering new treatments for related disorders like rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers have developed a novel gene therapy that combines a therapeutic gene with a genetic sensor to protect the heart from damage caused by reduced blood flow. The therapy, which was tested in rats, showed a significant reduction in tissue death and damage compared to untreated animals.
Researchers successfully cloned mice from malignant cancer cells using nuclear transfer. The study reveals that the epigenetic elements of cancer can be reversed, whereas genetic mutations are not.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research found a moderate correlation between solar activity and climate change. However, their study suggests that the Sun's influence on global warming is relatively small over the last 20-30 years.
The NESARC study reveals high rates of comorbidity between substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders. Approximately 20% of persons with a current substance use disorder experience a mood or anxiety disorder within the same time period.
Scientists have identified a prominent way in which nanocrystalline metals change shape by using dark-field imaging techniques. Researchers report that at very small dimensions, grain boundaries themselves move and slide past one another to allow deformation.
The traditional definition of adulthood is shifting, with education, employment, and financial independence becoming key markers. Researchers found that it takes longer for young adults to become self-sufficient, with many living in their parents' homes or requiring financial assistance from their families.
The BaBar experiment at SLAC has discovered striking matter-antimatter asymmetry in the decay of B and anti-B mesons. The researchers found a clear signal for direct charge parity (CP) violation, with a preference for B meson decays over anti-B meson decays by 13%. This effect is significantly stronger than observed in kaons.
Researchers discovered a significant deviation from expected symmetry in the density of states of excitations in high-temperature superconducting tunnel junctions. The findings suggest that crystals of high-temperature superconductors, with a titanate layer, exhibit intrinsic particle-hole asymmetry.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that using visual aids significantly improved pregnant women's understanding of HIV study information. The researchers suggest that the current informed consent process is inadequate and should be revised to effectively communicate information.
A 20-year study found that adolescents hospitalized for psychiatric disorders experienced more emotional distress, died at a higher rate, and had limited educational attainment compared to their peers. The researchers emphasize the need for ongoing mental health support and education to mitigate these outcomes.
The Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 aims to understand how much moisture is retained in soils, helping estimate potential flooding or water absorption. By analyzing data from satellites, airplanes, and ground teams, researchers can provide better forecasts for monsoon rainfall and water supply.
Researchers found that acute stress increases levels of DHEA-S in healthy humans and the DHEA-S-cortisol ratio is associated with reduced dissociation symptoms. The study suggests that augmentation of DHEA-S levels before stress exposure may provide a protective effect against stress-induced symptoms.
Research links being overweight in kindergarten girls to a higher risk of behavior problems, including externalizing and internalizing issues. Low family income and maternal depression were strong predictors of these problems, contradicting the common belief that childhood obesity leads to behavior issues for both genders.
A recent NASA study has found a significant correlation between the retreat of glaciers and an increase in earthquake activity in southern Alaska. As glaciers melt, they lighten the load on the Earth's crust, allowing tectonic plates to move more freely, which can lead to earthquakes.
Researchers found that a high-fiber diet from fruits and soy foods reduces the incidence of chronic respiratory symptoms, particularly cough with phlegm production. Additionally, brief exposure to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis can lead to infection, as detected by rapid molecular testing in hospital contacts.
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has released a new technology assessment recommending against the use of chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance assays. The assessment found limitations in the literature, including small sample sizes and low yield of assays, cast doubt on their effectiveness in determining treatment.
A study published in Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine found that antipsychotic medication prescriptions for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increased dramatically between 1996 and 2001, from 23 per 10,000 to 45 per 10,000. The use of these medications for ASDHD/conduct disorders also rose signific...
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) survey found that over 16 million Americans had a personality disorder, with avoidant, dependent, and paranoid disorders more prevalent among females. The study highlights the importance of addressing these conditions to prevent further impairment.
Jim Reichman has received the Distinguished Service Citation from the Ecological Society of America for his long service to ESA and scientific community. He is also a recipient of the C. Hart Merriam Award of the American Society of Mammalogists, recognizing his contributions to mammalogy and environmental science.
A study of 8,250 US adolescent girls found that 29.1% experience headaches, 20.7% stomachaches, and 30.6% morning fatigue more than once a week. Social and environmental factors such as alcohol use, caffeine intake, and parent support are strongly associated with the symptoms.
A UCLA study found that HIV-coping programs for families with infected parents reduced dropout rates, teenage pregnancy, and public welfare claims among children. The program also improved mental health outcomes and social relationships.
A new study finds that a father's mental health has a significant impact on a child's behavioral and emotional problems, especially if the mother is struggling with depression. The research suggests that emotionally healthy fathers can substantially reduce the negative influence of a mother's poor mental health.
Researchers discovered that inflammatory genes are activated and control bile duct obstruction in biliary atresia, a disease affecting up to 50% of children undergoing liver transplants. Blocking these inflammatory signals may prevent disease progression and increase long-term survival.
The study found that substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders are widespread in the US population, with significant associations between them. Approximately 20% of individuals with a current substance use disorder had at least one current independent mood disorder or anxiety disorder.
A Duke University study challenges the idea that trees can 'relocate' quickly in response to climate change by analyzing genetic data. The research suggests that many tree species may have remained closer to ancient ice sheets than previously thought, limiting their ability to migrate rapidly.
Researchers found that as rural forests are developed, native bird species face risks due to habitat loss and increased predation. The study suggests that housing density is a key driver of these changes, with some birds benefiting from human activities like feeding stations and nesting boxes.
Studies identified 13 mutations on the PIK3CA gene in various types of brain tumors, including anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas. The findings suggest a link between PIK3CA mutations and brain cancer development.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a lean gene, C/EBPbeta, which helps mice live longer and weigh less. The gene's activation may help jump-start metabolism in fat cells, preventing fat accumulation. Another study found that targeting the JIP1 protein can effectively protect against obesity and insulin resistance.
Researchers found that when plants supply ants with nectar, it boosts the ants' desire for meat, making them better bodyguards. The most convenient protein packets for ants on plants are often insects that are there to munch on the plant.
Scientists at Mayo Clinic develop novel approach to cancer vaccine that leverages inflammatory cell death to trigger a strong anti-tumor immune response, eradicating skin cancer tumors without triggering autoimmune disease. The breakthrough sheds light on a major obstacle in advancing cancer vaccine research from lab to human trials.
Researchers using new genome scanning technologies found stretches of DNA varying by hundreds of thousands of chemical bases that were present or absent in healthy individuals' genomes. This challenge long-held beliefs about the limited nature of genetic variation.
A University of Wisconsin-Madison researcher used historic aerial photographs to track road density and found that invasive species can colonize roads within up to 60 years. Forest managers can employ proactive monitoring and quick action to mitigate the impact of roads on native plant life.
A new study reveals that New England forests are under greater threat from air pollution compared to those in the Southeast region. The research used lichen community composition as an indicator of air pollution and found that nearly one-eighth of the New England area is affected by poorer air quality.
Fluorescence spectroscopy can quickly and accurately discriminate between brain tumor and normal tissue, according to researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. The technique analyzes biochemical and functional changes in cells, providing high diagnostic specificity.
A new study suggests that droughts like the 1930s Dust Bowl may not be unique to modern times, but were common in prehistoric periods. The research found that ancient droughts persisted for several decades and caused widespread effects on ecosystems, including prairie fires and erosion.
In a study of 18 patients with inoperable lung tumors, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was found to eradicate lung tumors with no relapse in 94% of cases. Minor complications, including pneumothorax, were treated successfully, and the procedure offered benefits such as low costs, short hospitalization times, and good patient tolerance.
A recent study found that combining EGFR inhibitors like Erbitux with Iressa or Tarceva hinders cancer cell growth more effectively than single drug treatments. The tandem application of these drugs amplified control of cancer cell signaling, leading to increased apoptosis and tumor development limitation.
University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers used a computer-modeling program to project 200 years of change in a forest in northwestern Wisconsin under three climate scenarios. The model found that some species would not be able to survive warmer conditions, while human actions also contribute to the changing landscape.
A study by University of Wisconsin-Madison assistant professor Stephen Gammie found that low levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) trigger maternal aggression in mice, enabling them to protect their offspring. The results show that increasing CRH levels reduces maternal aggression and increases fear responses.
The study suggests that lakes can have either a high or low abundance of invasive rusty crayfish, favoring native species or altering fish populations. Researchers believe alternate states of crayfish abundance may exist among lakes, allowing for strategies to remove these invaders and restore habitats.
Recent court cases show patients sued doctors for delayed breast cancer diagnosis, with average awards being $250,000. Dr. Berlin argues that mammography is not perfect and overzealousness in radiology communities led to unfounded fears among women.