The genomic sequence of the coelacanth, a 'living fossil,' holds valuable clues for biologists studying vertebrate evolution. The completed genome analysis reveals slow evolutionary changes relative to land vertebrates and teleost fishes, making it a better reference for comparative sequence analyses.
Research reveals substantial effects on IQ among children with prenatal alcohol exposure, particularly those born to older mothers or with a history of heavy drinking. The study identified subgroups of vulnerable children with compromised academic and social performance.
In a breakthrough discovery, Stanford researchers have found that mast cells can provide protection from sepsis by destroying a molecule that contributes to the pathology and death associated with this bacterial infection. The study reveals a new role for mast cells in limiting damage caused by endothelin-1.
A large population study has found that most ovarian cancers in families with at least one woman with breast cancer are not related to BRCA1/2 mutations. Instead, other factors may contribute to the increased risk of ovarian cancer in these families.
Jefferson scientists discovered that certain parts of the silver-haired bat rabies virus, specifically its glycoprotein cover, enable it to infect the brain rapidly. The researchers found that this type of rabies is capable of evading the immune system more effectively than other strains, making it a key factor in viral pathogenesis.
A study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research suggests that variants of the BDNF gene may play a role in vulnerability to alcohol withdrawal-associated delirium tremens and violence while intoxicated. The study found a significant association between the G196A polymorphism and AA genotypes/A allele frequencies in al...
Researchers developed a new way to predict the number of drug users, finding two epidemic periods with significant increases in opiate and injecting drug users between 1975 and 1995. The study suggests the number of current opiate users has continued to rise since the early 1970s, doubling between 1977 and 1982.
Men on a very low-carbohydrate diet lost significantly more weight from their upper bodies compared to those on a low-fat diet, with three times greater fat loss in the trunk area. Women also showed significant benefits, although with less dramatic results.
The NIEHS is developing a new RNAi library to better understand the effects of environmental toxins on human health. This technology will help researchers identify specific genes responsible for adverse responses to chemicals, ultimately aiding in the development of new disease prevention strategies.
Research on the Columbia River and estuary focuses on dredge entrainment, toxic compounds, and ecological impacts from Hanford nuclear materials production. Studies reveal loss estimates for Dungeness crab, elevated levels of toxic compounds in sediments, and effects on fall Chinook salmon survival and development.
The Yale Environmental Journal has been translated into Chinese to promote high-quality scientific research and communication on the global environment. The 'circular economy' is a crucial aspect of China's environmental policy, emphasizing loop closing and recycling to achieve sustainable economic growth.
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has warned that tuna stocks are at risk of extinction due to unsustainable fishing and farming practices. The organization is calling for stricter regulations, including real-time monitoring of catches and the implementation of a new quota system.
Research investigates the relationship between antioxidants and carcinogenesis, including the use of ß-carotene in cancer prevention. Studies also explore the formation of aldehydes as a central concern of oxidant stress for cancer therapy. Key findings include varying levels of individual antioxidants according to disease status.
A Yale University study identified a tick gut receptor used by spirochete bacteria to colonize ticks, which the bacteria use to survive. Blocking this receptor disrupts the bacteria's life cycle, opening up new strategies for improving Lyme disease diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found that both young and old drivers struggled to detect important changes while using hands-free phones, leading to slower reaction times and increased errors. The impaired reactions were significant enough to pose a danger to drivers.
A new fossil discovery in Edmonton provides crucial insights into the evolution of brown bears in North America. The ancient fossil, dated to around 26,000 years ago, reveals that brown bears migrated south of Beringia much earlier than previously believed, with some populations reaching as far as southern Canada and the northern US.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have made significant advances in studying sandwich clusters, which display unique magnetic behaviors. The clusters' potential as molecular magnets for magnetic storage and spintronics is being explored.
Researchers developed a technique to destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria by targeting plasmids, which are genetic codes for resistance. By mimicking plasmid incompatibility, they used apramycin to prevent plasmid reproduction, allowing antibiotics to work again.
A study by Brian Wansink found that vegetable enthusiasts eat more spicy foods, drink wine with dinner, and cook elaborate meals. Fruit lovers prefer sweets, are less adventurous in the kitchen, and eat desserts after dinner. Tailoring healthy eating recommendations to these groups can be more effective.
A Stanford researcher has developed a test that reverses pre-existing food allergies in dogs by vaccinating them with heat-killed bacteria mixed with peanuts or milk. The test showed significant results, with four dogs able to eat over 37 peanuts and five dogs tolerating larger quantities of milk without symptoms.
Research reveals elderly patients are significantly under-represented in cancer clinical trials, with only 36% of trial participants aged 65 and older compared to 60% of the U.S. cancer population. This underrepresentation may be due to concerns about treatment effectiveness and side effects.
The USGS warns that avian cholera could spread from the Great Salt Lake as eared grebes migrate to wintering areas, where they congregate in dense groups. The disease is highly contagious among bird species and can sweep through wetlands quickly, killing thousands of birds in a single outbreak.
Researchers found that tropical birds are more susceptible to global warming due to their sensitivity to environmental cues, which can disrupt the timing of breeding. The study suggests that changes in rainfall, temperature, or food availability may drive breeding behavior in these birds.
The team aims to achieve a resolution of 0.5 Ångstrom and acquire three-dimensional images at atomic resolution using aberration correction. Aberration correction is crucial for the project, which involves designing a complex system of lenses to correct distorted images.
Researchers discovered two compounds that block red tide toxin effects on respiratory systems, showing promise in treating cystic fibrosis. The compounds improved mucus clearance and may work at concentrations without side effects.
A new hysteroscopic sterilization technique has been shown to be less expensive than traditional laparoscopic tubal ligation, with patients typically leaving the hospital within an hour and recovering quickly. The method requires minimal sedation and no surgical incision, resulting in significant cost savings for patients.
A team of scientists from various universities is investigating the early mechanisms responsible for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. They aim to understand how changes in the muscle cell membrane affect signaling and lead to muscle contraction weakness.
Researchers investigated anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria in a study on photodynamic therapy. The photosensitizers were able to completely suppress the anaerobic key pathogens, but facultative anaerobic bacteria tested responded less effectively to PDT.
A randomized trial has demonstrated that a HPV vaccine is effective in preventing persistent HPV infections, abnormal Pap tests, and precancerous lesions. The vaccine's efficacy rate is up to 95%, suggesting a substantial reduction in cervical cancer rates globally.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab found that most liquid water molecules interact with only two other water molecules, contrary to the traditional picture of four hydrogen bonds per molecule. The study used a unique experimental technique and measured the energy required to distort hydrogen bonds in solid and liquid water.
A new study found a strong link between low fish supply in Ghana and increased bushmeat hunting, leading to dramatic declines in terrestrial wildlife abundance. The research suggests that subsidized foreign fleets from the European Union are exacerbating the problem.
Scientists have identified a crucial role of HDAC4 in regulating bone formation, and its disruption can lead to developmental defects. The discovery opens new possibilities for designing drugs to control bone growth and may help prevent osteoporosis.
Researchers found increased levels of uncoupling proteins (UCP2 and UCP3) in the hearts of patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This suggests a possible mechanism linking heart failure to energetic abnormalities. The study's findings may lead to new treatment approaches to correct these energy defects.
A 30-year study suggests that declines in fish supply in Ghana lead to increased hunting, trade, and human consumption of wildlife. The researchers propose establishing alternative protein supplies and increasing protection of wildlife reserves to conserve biodiversity.
A study by University of Utah vision researchers identified a single gene mutation causing Beehive Syndrome, a rare eye disease with symptoms including optic atrophy, deafness, and ptosis. The discovery could lead to greater diagnoses and treatments for patients with the condition.
UBC researchers found a direct link between fish supply and the demand for bushmeat in Ghanaian villages, with bushmeat contributing to a 76% decline in mammal biomass since 1970. The study suggests that EU fishing fleets may be to blame for reduced fish stocks.
The Lancet publishes a series of articles on public health in complex emergencies, highlighting progress made in responding to health consequences of such events. Despite improvements, renewed focus is required on major causes of death in conflict-affected societies, including acute respiratory infections and malnutrition.
Scientists find that ferritin heavy chain (FHC) induces apoptosis prevention by sequestering iron, reducing oxygen radical accumulation. This mechanism regulates NF-kB's immune response, potentially preventing chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that the HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing cervical cancer, with a 100% success rate among participants who completed the full protocol. The vaccine targets two types of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV-16 and HPV-18) responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases.
A sugary lipid called iGb3 from a marine sponge plays a key role in regulating natural killer T cells, a component of the immune system. Activating NKT cells may be particularly valuable for preventing or treating cancers that spread to the liver.
Researchers found a reduction in bone mass and size in mice administered an SSRI, highlighting the need for further research into its effects on children and adolescents. The study suggests that anything affecting normal bone development may have far-reaching consequences later in life.
A new study suggests that ocean extinction can predict key ecological changes by analyzing the impact of species loss on sediment mixing and oxygen levels in marine ecosystems. The research found that the extinction of certain species can lead to reduced sediment mixing, diminishing oxygen concentrations that sustain bottom-dwelling life.
Researchers have found a young planet that is smaller than expected and orbits its parent star at the same distance as our own Neptune. The discovery was made using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and challenges current understanding of planetary formation, leading to a re-examination of existing theories.
A new study published in Gastroenterology found that generic anti-inflammatory drug etodolac reduces rates of gastrointestinal complication by more than 60% compared to naproxen, resulting in fewer hospitalizations and cost savings. This significant finding has led the Pharmacy Benefits Management Strategic Healthcare Group for the Vet...
Researchers have confirmed the existence of an odd-parity superconductor, a new electronic state in materials that can carry electric current without resistance. The strontium ruthenate Sr2RuO4 SQUID experiment provides direct evidence for this previously theorized but never demonstrated state.
Researchers challenge traditional hypotheses on Crohn's disease, suggesting a more complex role for cytokines in the immune response. This could lead to new treatment strategies involving the blockade of multiple cytokines.
Researchers have observed signatures of the spin Hall effect in semiconductor chips, a phenomenon predicted decades ago that could enable spin-based information transfer. The discovery has potential applications in quantum computing, quantum communication, and advanced sensing technologies.
QFilter uses non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) to filter out parts of queries asking for unauthorized access, significantly improving query-response time. The technology offers a practical solution to the ongoing problem of database access controls without requiring substantial changes to existing databases.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have discovered a way to transform nanocrystals into other materials with different physical and chemical properties through cation exchange reactions. This process is faster and more reversible than previously thought, opening up new possibilities for the development of nanotechnology.
A toxic molecule from bacteria causes massive tissue damage in humans but promotes organ development in a tiny Pacific Ocean squid. This discovery challenges long-held perceptions of microbes and their role as pathogens, highlighting the importance of context-dependent relationships between bacteria and host organisms.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a new method called cytological profiling that uses automated microscopic imaging to track the broad effects of drugs on cells. This technique allows for high-throughput analysis, enabling scientists to quickly identify promising drugs and streamline early phases of drug discovery.
A new HPV vaccine has been shown to be 100% effective in preventing persistent infections that cause cervical cancer. The bivalent vaccine protects against types 16 and 18, the most common causes of cervical cancer, and is also effective at reducing incident or new infections by 91.6 percent.
Researchers at UCSD have discovered an effective treatment for FCAS, a rare disorder that causes fever, joint pain, and flu-like symptoms after exposure to cold conditions. The treatment, anakinra, inhibits an abnormal immune response that leads to symptoms in FCAS-affected patients.
Joslin and Stanford researchers have made a breakthrough discovery about muscle regeneration, identifying the specific cells that can give rise to new muscle fibers. Contrary to previous studies, these cells are located near muscle fibers and not in blood-forming tissues like bone marrow.
Researchers from Rutgers University found that acetaminophen significantly reduced infarct size in treated dogs, with reductions of up to 63% compared to untreated control groups. The study also suggested anti-arrhythmic action of acetaminophen, with treated hearts appearing more stable electrically during ischemia and reperfusion.
A five-year grassland study found that both species abundance and loss order significantly impact ecosystem diversity, with diverse communities resisting invasive weeds. Researchers replicated natural patterns and processes to demonstrate the importance of considering realistic species loss scenarios.
A USC study of over 1,000 children on Mauritius found a strong link between malnutrition and aggressive behavior, with malnourished kids showing a 51% increase in violent and antisocial behavior by age 17. Poor nutrition was linked to lower IQ, which in turn led to later antisocial behavior.
Physicists at NIST create an optical nose technique that can identify a single atom or molecule in gas samples with minute concentrations. The method uses infrared laser beams and mirrors to detect gases at very low pressures and varying frequencies.
The Peabody Archives at UGA will digitize over 5,000 vintage TV tapes using a robotic system, preserving American history and culture for scholars and researchers. The grant is part of the Save America's Treasures program, supporting the preservation of national significance.
A new study published in Annals of Pharmacotherapy found that beta blockers reduced hospital stays and atrial fibrillation by 59% and 55%, respectively. Early use of beta-blockers also led to significant reductions in patient death, fluid in the lungs, and need for a balloon pump.