Study reveals nearly two times higher likelihood of metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS, leading to increased risk of early-onset cardiovascular disease. Women with both conditions exhibit more severe insulin resistance.
The US Army, Navy and Air Force academies will enroll 4,800 male and female cadets in a four-year study to investigate risk factors for knee injuries. The study aims to refine ACL injury prevention programs and identify neuromuscular factors associated with increased risk.
Knudson's two-hit theory explained the hereditary and sporadic forms of retinoblastoma, launching the study of tumor suppressor genes. His work has profoundly influenced cancer research, guiding countless geneticists and molecular biologists.
Researchers found no detectable levels of SV40 in 69 tumors tested using a highly sensitive assay. The study's protocol aimed to eliminate possible contamination from DNA vectors used in laboratories worldwide.
Researchers found genetically similar fish in ecologically similar habitats across vast distances, contradicting the idea that geographical barriers drive speciation. This discovery supports ecological speciation and suggests a new approach to understanding biodiversity evolution on land and sea.
Researchers found that SSRIs increase serotonin levels in synapses, but also 'trick' dopamine transporters into retrieving serotonin, causing cosignaling. This complex effect may explain delayed antianxiety effects and behavioral abnormalities in children.
Researchers discover distinct phase of rheumatoid arthritis immediately after symptom onset, enabling early treatment and potentially halting disease progression. The study proposes a new therapeutic window for potent anti-inflammatory therapies during the first few months of clinically apparent disease.
Researchers at Imperial College London have discovered a way to decrease allergic reactions by boosting the levels of CD4+ regulatory T-cells. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for allergies and autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
Dr. Brenda Milner, a renowned cognitive neuroscientist, has been awarded the 2005 Gairdner Award for her pioneering work on brain function and memory systems. Her research with patient HM has significantly advanced our understanding of episodic and procedural memory.
A team of scientists found that a small mutation in softshell clams' nerve tissue prevents paralytic shellfish toxins from binding, causing the clams to accumulate high levels of toxins. This resistance allows them to survive harmful algal blooms and increase the risk of paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University developed an ultra-fast optical shutter with a record-breaking speed of 40 picoseconds, enabling high-speed imaging applications. The new technology uses femtosecond laser pulses to freeze light at the molecular level, opening doors for breakthroughs in fields like biology and materials science.
A mutation in clams has been discovered that protects them against paralytic shellfish poisoning, but increases the risk to humans who consume them. The mutation enables contaminated clams to survive in areas with toxic algae, highlighting a need for new safety protocols.
A new vaccine targeting HPV types 16 and 18, responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts, has shown significant effectiveness in reducing persistent infection and disease. The vaccine was 100% effective against precancerous lesions and genital warts associated with these four HPV types.
Researchers found that hormonal contraceptives and bacterial infections like BV and GBS increase the risk of shedding type-2 herpes. Treatment for these infections may help reduce HSV-2 shedding frequency, controlling its transmission.
Researchers are developing a vaccine using dendritic cells to boost the immune system against lung cancer recurrence. The study enrolls patients for two years, with promising previous results, aiming to treat 30 new patients.
Satellite images help model sediment transport in New Caledonia's southwest lagoon, providing a three-dimensional picture of the process. The combined use of remote sensing and numerical models refines predictions of erosion rates and improves precision.
A meta-analysis of 27 clinical trials found that erythropoietin treatment lowers the likelihood of needing a blood transfusion and improves hematologic response in cancer patients. However, results on overall survival are inconclusive, suggesting erythropoietin should not be used to increase survival outside clinical trials.
A new long-acting injectable naltrexone formulation has been shown to reduce heavy drinking by 25% and is well-tolerated, indicating a potential improvement in intervention strategies for alcohol dependence. The study featured one of the largest samples ever treated with a medication for alcohol dependence.
The ALLHAT study found that diuretics are superior to calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors in lowering blood pressure and preventing heart failure. Diuretics were also more effective in reducing high blood pressure and stroke in black patients, supporting the use of diuretics as first-line therapy for high blood pressure
The NASA-led Swift mission has successfully measured the distances to two gamma-ray bursts, both originating from over 9 billion light years away. These direct distance measurements, achieved with Swift's Ultraviolet/OpticalTelescope (UVOT), represent a major milestone for the mission since its launch in 2004.
A Harvard School of Public Health study analyzed dietary habits and found no strong association between western or prudent diets and pancreatic cancer risk. Participants who adhered to the prudent diet had healthier lifestyle behaviors, suggesting individual dietary components may still play a role in risk.
Two UW ocean-diving gliders, Seagliders, have set a new record by traveling across the Pacific Ocean. They were deployed in September and traveled over 1,860 miles in 191 days. The gliders' autonomous technology allows them to collect oceanographic measurements without propellers, setting a precedent for the longest range of any autono...
The USC High-resolution Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography (HUTT) system offers superior 3D images of soft tissue, outperforming existing commercial X-ray, ultrasound, or MRI units. The technology uses multi-band analysis with sub-millimeter ultrasonic transducers to create detailed images with improved resolution and precision.
Randy 'Duke' Cunningham, a prostate cancer survivor, receives funding for cancer research through his committee work. Deidre Downs, Miss America 2005, continues her childhood cancer research efforts through CureSearch and her medical student program.
The study found that PTEN and PI3K are required for cell migration and division, raising hopes for new treatments in cancer and inflammatory disorders. The researchers also discovered a novel mechanism by which cells regulate PIP3 levels to control cell migration.
A recent study challenges traditional theory that El Niño-La Niña cycles affect sardine and anchovy populations differently. Researchers found that sardines can thrive in warm waters during El Niño events, while anchovies adapt to cold conditions by extending their reproduction periods.
The study reveals that the informal sector creates most jobs in West African cities, but these occupations are insecure and poorly paid. Underemployment affects 67% of active people, with nearly 2.7 million individuals in this situation.
A study of ALLHAT trial data reveals that thiazide-type diuretics are superior to ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers in reducing cardiovascular disease incidence and heart failure in both black and non-black patients. Diuretic-based treatment also showed reduced risk of myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease.
The ALLHAT study confirms diuretics are superior to newer drugs in lowering blood pressure and preventing complications. Diuretics were also found to be more effective in reducing high blood pressure and preventing stroke in black patients.
A study conducted in South Africa found that mild iron deficiency in mothers can disrupt healthy mother/infant interactions. The research showed that mildly iron-deficient mothers were less sensitive to their baby's cues and appeared bored or distant more frequently, leading to changes in child behavior.
Scientists found that auroral ovals in the northern and southern hemispheres do not form mirror images, contrary to previous thought. The study suggests that the tilt of the Earth's magnetic field towards the Sun and conditions in the solar wind play a crucial role in shaping the auroras.
Nineteen undergraduate students have been awarded the AACR-Thomas J. Bardos Science Education Awards for their outstanding contributions to cancer research. The recipients will receive financial support to attend two consecutive Annual Meetings, providing them with a platform to network and learn from leading scientists.
Marcus Milling received the AGI's prestigious Pick and Gavel Award for his tireless efforts to unite the geoscience community. He has made valuable contributions in research, management, and leadership in both corporate and public sectors.
A new study found that altering food schedules and light/dark exposure in mice modified the expression of circadian clock genes and genes involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The authors conclude that the altered light/dark or feeding schedules may slow tumor growth in chronic jet-lagged mice.
The Hudson River has seen a doubling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the past 15 years, with possible causes including changes in river materials and bacterial metabolism. This increase may be linked to nitrogen deposition, leading to eutrophication-driven problems such as hypoxia.
Researchers at Yale University identified IRAK-M as a key regulator of bone cells, finding that its presence prevents bone loss and its absence leads to severe osteoporosis in mice. The study suggests IRAK-M could be a new target for treating or preventing osteoporosis.
A study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery found that golf-related head injuries in children increased by 15% between 1996 and 2002. The majority of these injuries occurred outside golf courses, highlighting the need for cautionary guidelines and safety training programs to prevent accidents.
A six-month study found that long-acting naltrexone combined with low-intensity counseling significantly reduced heavy drinking days, from 19 to three per month. The treatment was well-tolerated and effective in reducing alcohol dependence.
Researchers used harmonic radar to track butterflies' flight patterns, finding they follow decisive routes for feeding and orientation. The study aims to understand how butterflies navigate fragmented landscapes and maintain sustainable populations.
Researchers develop nanostructured thermoelectric devices that can harness heat energy and double efficiency. The breakthrough enables the generation of electricity from geothermal sources or waste heat in hybrid cars.
Researchers test a new therapy for advanced melanoma, delivering a DNA plasmid through electroporation to stimulate the immune system. The results show high success in curing mice and preventing tumor regrowth.
The National Science Board has awarded Cornell University a $70 million contract to manage the Arecibo Observatory until March 31, 2010. This renewal will enable further scientific research capabilities at the observatory, with plans to develop new instruments and expand user access.
Archaeological findings reveal extensive ancient Maya salt workshops beyond royal control, while researchers investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 in inducing neuropathic pain. Atmospheric pollution is linked to wheat disease prevalence, and microarray technology helps diagnose skin cancer stages. Serotonin levels may regulate e...
A randomized trial found that exercise and stress management training improved physiological markers of cardiovascular health, including blood flow to the heart and vascular endothelial function. These non-pharmaceutical approaches also showed promise in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, and improving baroreflex sensitivity.
Researchers found that nearly all psychiatrists consider metabolic side effects serious or very serious, but baseline data and regular checks are often neglected. The study highlights the need for clinicians to change their practice to reflect this concern and provide better care for patients with schizophrenia.
A University of Maryland study found that more than 86% of dialysis patients with severe heart failure experienced improved cardiac function after a kidney transplant. The study, which followed 103 patients between 1998 and 2002, suggests that a timely transplant can significantly improve heart health for these patients.
Researchers found that 12.9% of wild chimpanzees carry Ebola virus antibodies, indicating regular contact with the animal reservoir and non-fatal infections. Dogs also carry the virus, with high antibody prevalence near epidemic foci, suggesting they could become a potential source of infection for humans.
Researchers found that a peptide called GPCS significantly inhibited bone mineral loss in isolated bone cells from newborn rats. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action and effectiveness of GPCS on human bone health.
Researchers create laser pulses with specific shapes to produce signals with higher frequencies, enhancing image resolution and accuracy in detecting underground objects. The technique allows for precise control over radio frequencies, improving ultra-wideband communication systems.
A new study from Rice University found no independent relationship between Lp(a) levels and coronary calcium in either whites or African-Americans, suggesting an unknown mechanism may be at work. The study used a large multiethnic dataset of Dallas County residents to examine the link between Lp(a) and heart-attack risk.
Researchers at VCU demonstrated that administering Viagra before an anti-cancer drug like doxorubicin can prevent heart damage and dilated cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. The study suggests that Viagra may be used to reduce the incidence of DOX cardiomyopathy in patients receiving chemotherapy.
A study by UCSD researchers suggests that BMP-15 plays a crucial role in determining ovulation quota and litter size in mammals. The team found that BMP-15 is produced normally in humans but degraded in mice, leading to increased egg production and ovulation.
Research by Marino and colleagues reveals that dolphins and primates share similar cognitive abilities despite their distinct brain development patterns. The study, which spans 47 million years, uses magnetic resonance imaging and fossil records to compare the encephalization of cetaceans and humans.
Two trials found that menopausal hormone therapy may increase breast cancer recurrence risk, but a new trial suggests no association. Researchers call for further study on safe treatment regimens.
Researchers have found a trio of proteins that protect tumor cells from destruction by radiotherapy, and a deeper understanding of their relationship could lead to more effective treatment. Genetic testing could help doctors identify the most effective treatment method for each patient's unique cancer tissue.
A multicenter trial found that alpha-tocopherol supplementation increased the rate of developing a second primary cancer during treatment but reduced the risk after treatment ended. After 8 years, the proportion of participants free of a second primary cancer was similar in both groups.
A randomized controlled trial found that exercise and stress management training lower average depression scores and reduce distress in patients with stable heart disease. These interventions also improve certain cardiovascular risk markers, suggesting potential benefits for patients with ischemic heart disease.
Research links seasonal climate variations to meningitis outbreaks in Sahelo-Sudanian Africa. The study suggests that Harmattan winds drive the transmission of meningococcus bacteria, leading to epidemic cycles.
Researchers analyzed 403 sonograms of solid masses, finding that the BI-RADS lexicon descriptors were highly predictive for both malignant and benign masses. Descriptors like circumscribed margins were accurate in 90% of instances for benign lesions.
Scientists have found that activating PPARd genes can increase calorie burning, reduce inflammation, and build resistance to weight gain. This discovery has significant implications for treating obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, potentially using genetic engineering or experimental drugs.