Researchers identify neuregulin gene as key factor in myelin production, enabling faster neural transmission. The discovery opens possibilities for repairing damaged spinal cords and brain tracts.
Researchers at Penn State discovered that polyphenols in oats inhibit the Maillard reaction, reducing off-flavors and stale odors. The findings suggest that controlling polyphenol levels could prevent undesirable reactions, including those linked to human diseases.
Researchers have successfully used human muscle-derived stem cells to restore leak-point pressure in animal models of stress urinary incontinence. The therapy involves injecting the cells into the periurethral muscle, which differentiates into new muscle fibers to prevent atrophy. Clinical trials are underway in Toronto.
Researchers Dr. Dixie Mager and colleagues identified 37 instances where retroelements were deleted during human-chimpanzee evolution, suggesting an important role for short DNA sequences in genomic deletions. The study also found that non-retroelement sequences underwent significant changes, indicating widespread genomic variation.
A multi-center clinical trial found that an oral contraceptive containing drospirenone was effective in improving productivity, enjoyment of hobbies, and social activities among women with PMDD. The study showed that the low-dose oral contraceptive was roughly as effective as serotonin reuptake inhibitors in reducing symptoms.
Bumblebees are twice as likely to choose green flowers over orange flowers when they watch others foraging on them. This is the first demonstration of insect social learning, where bumblebees learn by observing other insects.
Researchers develop stealth particles to deliver chemotherapy drugs to tumors, reducing phagocytosis by 24% in cell culture. The system allows for targeted delivery of lower doses, potentially improving cancer treatment outcomes.
The chimpanzee genome's remarkable closeness to the human genome will make it a powerful tool for comparative genetics. The analysis reveals genetic changes that prompted the chimp-human species divergence and provides insight into how evolution has continued since then.
Researchers at UCSD advocate for standardized, humane guidelines for studying captive great apes, emphasizing the need for specialized care and data management. They propose a national network of facilities to support this effort, which could contribute to the survival of great ape species.
Researchers found that the human Y chromosome has stabilized itself over 6 million years, while the chimpanzee Y chromosome is accumulating mutations making its genes useless. The human Y's ability to defend itself is due to carrying spare copies of testis-expressing genes.
Researchers found that human Y chromosome retained its genes despite chimp's mutation, likely due to human monogamy. The study suggests natural selection preserved regions of the Y with self-repair mechanisms.
Scientists at Monell Chemical Senses Center discovered a natural anti-inflammatory compound, oleocanthal, in olive oil. Oleocanthal inhibits COX enzymes, sharing similar action as ibuprofen, and may play a causal role in health benefits associated with Mediterranean diet.
Purdue University researchers have discovered a catalyst that can produce hydrogen without extreme cold temperatures or high pressures. This method could offer solutions to fuel cell development, potentially replacing fossil fuels in automobiles.
Scientists have developed techniques to analyze the chemical composition of brain cells, enabling them to map the distribution of biologically important molecules like vitamin E. This breakthrough may lead to a better understanding of brain function in healthy and diseased brains.
Researchers analyzed gene activity in volunteers exposed to a bacterial product, identifying previously unknown relationships among genes involved in blood cell responses to infection. The study provides valuable insights into the human genomic response to inflammation, which can be fatal in severely burned or injured patients.
Researchers found that large-scale segmental duplications account for 2.7% of the human genome, while single base-pair changes make up only 1.2%. These duplication events have altered gene expression, with some segments implicated in human developmental disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy and Prader-Willi syndrome.
The study found that two brain regions, nucleus accumbens and anterior insula, are activated before making risk-seeking versus risk-aversion investment mistakes. This discovery may help improve the design of economic institutions to facilitate optimal investor behavior.
A team of researchers developed a tracer molecule to highlight beta-amyloid in PET brain scans, aiming to diagnose Alzheimer's disease earlier. PET biomarkers could also evaluate the effects of drugs on the brain, potentially improving treatment outcomes for neurodegenerative conditions.
Scientists have discovered a way to create electricity from cow waste by harnessing the power of microorganisms that break down cellulose. This process uses rumen fluid and cow dung to generate electricity, offering a promising alternative to traditional energy sources.
A study of 1150 pubs in North West England found that 44% do not serve food and would be exempt from smokefree legislation. The proportion of non-food serving pubs increases with deprivation levels, contradicting the government's goal to reduce health inequalities due to smoking.
The study found that the human and chimp genomes are almost 99% identical in terms of directly comparable DNA sequences. At the protein level, 29% of genes code for the same amino sequences in both species.
A new algorithm called Automatic Distillation of Structure (ADIOS) has been developed to learn complex patterns in raw texts, including transcripts of parents' speech directed at young children. The algorithm can generate grammatical new sentences and prove useful in fields like bioinformatics.
Researchers at Penn State developed implantable glucose sensors to monitor troops' metabolic health in the field. The sensors can detect glucose, oxygen, lactate, and pyruvate levels, providing valuable insights into a soldier's overall metabolic picture.
Critically ill patients with glucose in their bronchial aspirates were twice as likely to develop MRSA and spend longer in intensive care. Elevated glucose levels may have caused or promoted bacterial growth.
Researchers created a new mathematical model to predict and prevent societal collapse, shedding light on the mysterious Easter Island population crash. The model successfully mimics the island's rapid decline due to finite resource depletion, providing valuable insights for modern population management.
Duke University's integration of electronic laboratory notebooks improves student engagement and reduces cheating, but has limitations due to software challenges. The adoption of electronic notebooks is not widespread among universities and businesses.
Researchers investigated Botox's mechanism of action for treating enlarged prostate symptoms. The study found that Botox blocks adrenergic receptors, causing muscle relaxation and improving urine flow. This could lead to a new therapy option for millions of men suffering from this common condition.
Researchers developed a nanoscale optical biosensor to detect amyloid ?-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), tiny proteins accumulating in brain tissue of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. The findings may enable early diagnosis of the condition, currently only possible after death.
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have discovered a low-temperature sulfur oxides absorbent, silver hollandite, that maintains its catalytic activity even when aging. This inexpensive catalyst has the potential to reduce diesel emissions.
Researchers at The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre discovered the Scaramanga gene, which regulates early breast development and influences nipple number and position. This breakthrough may help understand normal breast formation and connect it to breast cancer.
VNS therapy has been shown to be effective for some patients with treatment-resistant depression, with up to 20% experiencing total remission. The treatment involves surgical implantation of a device that stimulates the vagus nerve, delivering mild pulses to areas of the brain involved in mood regulation.
A newly discovered muscle gene, Srpk3, has been linked to centronuclear myopathy, a rare genetic disorder affecting skeletal muscles. Researchers found that mice lacking the gene exhibit symptoms similar to those seen in humans with centronuclear myopathy, suggesting potential human mutations exist.
The study reveals that a decrease in medial temporal lobe activity tracks the level of perceived memory strength for faces. Graded reductions in cortical responses support graded perceptions of item familiarity, allowing organisms to discriminate between novel and familiar items.
Researchers found that IP 751 significantly suppressed bladder overactivity without affecting contractility, offering a new option for IC treatment. The study's results are promising for patients with interstitial cystitis, a chronic pelvic pain disorder affecting millions of Americans.
A recent study has mapped the chimpanzee genome onto the human genome sequence, revealing a 2.7% difference in segmental duplications. The researchers found that around a third of duplications are unique to humans, while some segments show 'hyperexpansions' with up to 400 copies in chimpanzees.
Researchers explored commercially important ingredients and delivery technologies in a symposium on cosmetic nanotechnology. Novel formulations, such as synthetic nanocarriers that encapsulate Vitamin E, were presented to improve skin and hair care products.
Researchers at Penn State developed a new assay to quantify ergothioneine in fungi, finding that white button mushrooms have about 12 times more of the antioxidant than wheat germ and 4 times more than chicken liver. Exotic mushrooms contain up to 40 times as much ergothioneine as wheat germ.
Researchers analyzed the expression levels of genes in circulating white blood cells after injection with bacterial endotoxin, identifying novel pathways and associations with inflammatory processes. The findings aim to improve trauma treatment by tailoring treatments to patients' individual needs.
A new study published in Psychopharmacology suggests repeated nicotine exposure can increase motivation for food weeks after the last exposure, counteracting its appetite-suppressant effect. This finding has significant implications for smoking cessation and weight gain concerns.
Recent studies by McMaster University's Erika Dyck reveal LSD's potential in treating mental illness, following a nearly decade-long withdrawal from medical research. The discovery of the term 'psychedelic' as a Canadian invention adds to the significance of Dyck's findings.
Researchers tracked gene activity in response to bacterial endotoxin, identifying molecular markers for sepsis. The study found that more than half of genes involved in inflammation were turned down, contrary to expected responses.
Scientists at the University of Arizona have created melanotropin-based drugs with improved properties that can selectively target specific receptors. These compounds show promise in treating various conditions, including cancer, sexual dysfunction, and eating disorders.
Researchers can now simulate complex behaviors with millions of particles, revealing new insights into chemical reactions. Advances in computational capabilities have made these monumental tasks possible, opening up new avenues for scientific discovery.
Invasive plant species infest US public land, costing Americans $34.7 billion annually. Researchers will discuss control strategies using online data and Exotic Plant Management Teams.
Researchers are developing an in vitro model to evaluate the ability of several inhibitors to block protein aggregation by TGases. Several compounds show positive effects, including creatine and cystamine hydrochloride.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute President Shirley Ann Jackson warns of a growing science, engineering, and technology talent gap in the US. She emphasizes the need for a national commitment to develop more science, engineering, and technology talent from underrepresented groups.
A new study found that childhood exposure to second-hand smoke increases the risk of chronic dry cough and other respiratory problems in adulthood. Researchers discovered that consuming a small amount of fruit fiber, equivalent to eating two apples daily, can help mitigate these effects.
A recent international survey found that nearly 90% of Europeans are aware of heart failure, but only 3% can identify its symptoms. The study also revealed major misconceptions about the condition, including the notion that it is a normal consequence of aging or that modern drugs cannot prevent its development.
A new study suggests that the opening of the Drake Passage, a shallow gateway between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, led to the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. This current cut off Antarctica from warm southward flowing currents, causing it to freeze and become desolate.
The novel material combines diamond's hardness with nanotubes' strength, offering potential applications in wear-resistant coatings, fuel cells, and electronic devices. The researchers developed a process to synthesize the material at the nanoscale, paving the way for fundamental advances in nanostructured carbon materials.
Researchers are developing new techniques to detect deception using cameras and sensors, aiming to improve security at border crossings and buildings. The Rutgers team will employ image-based models and machine learning algorithms to analyze facial expressions and body movements, increasing accuracy over current polygraph technology.
Researchers have developed a method to modify collagen, allowing it to be used in new medical treatments such as preventing blood clots and scar tissue. The modified collagen can also be used to deliver drugs and control the shape of engineered tissue.
Researchers found that small oyster shell reefs are effective in slowing erosion on low wave energy shorelines, but less effective in higher wave energy environments. This study suggests that oyster reefs could be a useful tool for coastal managers to stabilize shorelines under low energy conditions.
Research finds that neutropenia, a type of hematological toxicity, is associated with increased overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Prospective trials are needed to assess whether drug dosing guided by toxic effects could improve chemotherapy efficacy.
The ERCC proposes developing consistent, well-characterized RNA samples to validate gene expression assays. These external RNA controls will help ensure comparable results across microarray and QRT-PCR systems.
A K-State professor is researching a new strategy to treat tuberculosis by targeting the channel proteins called porins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. His goal is to develop supramolecular model systems that can block these channels, permanently deactivating TB and allowing the human immune system to deal with it.
Researchers at Children's National Medical Center discovered a non-toxic chemical compound OGT2378 that blocks ganglioside production, suppressing tumor growth and immune system suppression. The study found tumors in treated mice to be significantly smaller than those in untreated mice.
A novel artificial kidney utilizing nanotechnology may eliminate dialysis needs for millions worldwide. The HNF system features a wearable design with double the filtration rate of conventional hemodialysis.
The NewMood project aims to identify genetic traits that contribute to depression by analyzing brain responses to fearful faces and rewards. Volunteers will participate in a online test and provide a mouth swab for genetic analysis.
Professors Jung Oh and Judith Collins from Kansas State University presented their information literacy instruction project at the American Chemical Society Meeting. The project focuses on teaching students to evaluate information sources critically and apply these skills in various academic disciplines.