A new study finds that high-tech ventilation systems are no match for secondhand smoke and may even perform worse than standard dilution ventilation. Despite proper design and operation, the systems failed to reduce exposure to carcinogenic chemicals and toxic particles in non-smoking sections.
The Natural Capital Project aims to calculate ecosystem services' value to people, highlighting the importance of conserving natural systems. By incorporating these values into policies, conservation can be a profitable use of land, benefiting both biodiversity and human life.
Breakthroughs in protein interaction studies, antibiotic development, and signaling G Proteins are highlighted in ACS Chemical Biology. Researchers have also found a small molecule that controls thyroid hormone receptor activity.
Researchers analyzed thousands of proteins from brain tissue samples to find novel changes related to cocaine addiction. The study reveals profound effects on brain function and identifies potential new targets for medication development.
Researchers found that SIDS infants had more neurons manufacturing and using serotonin than control infants, but fewer serotonin receptors, suggesting an abnormal level of serotonin. This study provides the strongest evidence to date for a specific brain area controlling breathing and heart rate abnormalities in SIDS.
Researchers at CReSA have made significant advances in tests using DNA vaccines on animal models, enabling a delay in symptom appearance and paving the way for human treatment. The vaccine induces a complete immune response, including humoral and cellular responses, overcoming the tolerance barrier faced by prions.
The investigational amphetamine compound SPD465 demonstrated improved Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adults for up to 16 hours post-dose. The study results showed that SPD465 provided significant improvement in ADHD symptom control based on PERMP and ADHD-RS scores.
Researchers used a systematic review process to identify 10 key indicators of activity-friendly communities, including land use policies and clean environments. These findings represent an important first step in assessing and improving community support for routine physical activity.
Childhood cancer survivors are at higher risk for developing second cancers, including CNS tumors, which can have devastating consequences. Radiation exposure is associated with a higher risk of malignant brain tumors like glioma and benign tumors like meningiomas, particularly in children under age 5.
As part of the 'Vote and Vax' initiative, flu vaccine clinics will be stationed next to polling sites in 26 communities nationwide, targeting areas with low flu shot delivery rates. The program aims to increase flu vaccination among Americans aged 50+, who are particularly vulnerable to the disease.
The US has failed to promote effective family planning policies due to the Bush administration's inaction. Europe may need to take a lead in revitalizing global commitment to family planning, as population growth poses a greater threat to development than HIV/AIDS in many poor countries.
A two-week rehabilitation program using constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) significantly improved function of the affected arm in stroke survivors. CIMT involves training the weakened hand and arm through repetitive exercises while restraining the unaffected hand and arm, forcing patients to use their affected limbs.
The Lancet warns that conservative forces are undermining progress in sexual and reproductive health, resulting in 19 million women facing unsafe abortions, 80 million couples having unmet contraceptive needs, and 340 million new cases of gonorrhoea, syphilis, and chlamydia each year. Effective measures to prevent unintended pregnancy,...
Studies found that statins and fibrates have uncertain impact on melanoma prevention, while a new virus kills brain cancer cells in mice. An antibody combination shows efficacy in ovarian cancer, while immunohistochemical assays predict breast cancer treatment response better than older methods
A study published in JAMA found that constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) significantly improved upper-extremity function in stroke patients. The technique involves restraining the less-impaired arm or hand to encourage usage of the more-affected extremity, resulting in improved motor ability and use.
A study published in the Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture found that microwaving French fries before frying significantly reduces acrylamide content. Researchers discovered that microwave pre-cooking prior to frying resulted in a marked reduction of acrylamide levels, with notable decreases at higher temperatures.
Research reveals the journeys of endangered adult females traveling thousands of miles across boundaries between countries, highlighting the need for a team effort in their conservation. The study's findings emphasize the importance of protecting these fragile populations from habitat destruction, bycatch, and other human impacts.
Researchers have found that a cancer-fighting virus called VSV kills the most malignant form of brain cancer in mice, targeting invasive tumour cells. The study also discovered that delivering VSV intravenously can effectively treat malignant glioma with minimal side effects.
The first global analysis of sexual behavior data found that monogamy is the dominant pattern worldwide, and developed nations report high rates of multiple partnerships. Despite this, adolescents have high rates of unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortions, and STIs.
Cost-effective interventions can be scaled up with a focus on local context modification, training of non-physician healthcare personnel, and linking HIV/AIDS services. Revitalizing political commitment through NGOs presenting evidence to policymakers and economic arguments can also drive progress.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have discovered a synthetic compound called pluripotin that maintains the youthfulness of stem cells without the need for feeder cells. This breakthrough accelerates stem cell research and holds promise for developing new therapies for diseases like cancer and Parkinson's.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that a specific gene, Dachshund, helps predict breast cancer prognosis. The study showed that higher expression of this gene is associated with better patient outcomes.
A new study by Joslin Diabetes Center has shown that with proper training and follow-up, over 80% of children and teens can successfully use insulin pumps to manage type 1 diabetes. The study identified key risk factors for failure, including infrequent blood glucose monitoring and high rates of severe hypoglycemia.
A new study published in the Journal of Periodontology found that periodontal therapy decreases lipid peroxide levels in diabetic patients, reducing oxidative stress. This reduction is comparable to that seen in nondiabetic patients, suggesting a potential benefit for patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found extensive medullary serotonin pathway abnormalities in SIDS cases, involving multiple elements of serotonin function. These abnormalities may compromise protective reflexes, increasing the risk of SIDS, particularly in prone or face-down positions.
A recent study published in The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology found that varenicline was well-tolerated and effective in reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms in elderly smokers. The researchers reported mild adverse reactions, including nausea, but no participants withdrew from the study.
Researchers have discovered a new protein called neuroglobin in the brain that defends against oxygen deprivation and brain damage. This protein plays a protective role, ushering in nitric oxide to protect neuron survival and recovery.
Every year, 68,000 women die from unsafe induced abortions. Accessing safe, legal abortion improves women's health and can reduce these fatalities. Legalizing abortion is necessary but insufficient; making it safe and accessible is also crucial.
The Boston College Urban Ecology Institute is developing an urban environmental science curriculum, textbook, and multimedia system for use in America's urban high schools. The project aims to promote the stewardship of healthy urban ecosystems through improved science education.
Researchers have confirmed that veins stiffen as we age, a change that may contribute to high blood pressure. Regular exercise training may help maintain vein flexibility. The study, led by William Farquhar from the University of Delaware, recruited healthy young and older adults and monitored their blood flow.
Researchers found that white blood cells in cancer-resistant mice can sense and kill cancer cells through a multi-step process, involving migration, recognition, and physical contact. The discovery suggests that some cancers may share common characteristics that make them vulnerable to this type of immune response.
A new study by the Economic & Social Research Council found that senior civil service managers have struggled to resolve information-sharing issues, leading to a need for standardized best practices. The research identified key challenges in balancing media and public concerns with data protection legislation and professional codes.
A new study by Stanford University School of Medicine researchers found that poor people living in well-to-do neighborhoods have a higher risk of death. The study, which analyzed data from 8,200 men and women over 17 years, suggests that economic strain and limited access to healthcare may be contributing factors.
A new study of 20,000 patients found that contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) significantly reduces costs compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The study, conducted by the VA Cooperative Studies, suggests that CE-MRA could have saved the system over $13 million in costs during a 6-year period.
The ACE experiment found that antiprotons are four times more effective at terminating live cells than protons, with the potential to reduce damage to healthy tissue. Researchers plan further tests to assess the effectiveness of antiprotons for cancer therapy and ensure minimal harm to surrounding tissues.
Patients with heart failure who started statin therapy had a 24% lower risk of death and a 21% lower risk of hospitalization compared to non-users. The study, published in JAMA, found that statins effectively lowered LDL cholesterol levels and improved clinical outcomes.
A study found that men with high PSA velocity had a lower survival rate (54%) compared to those with low velocity (92%). The study suggests that PSA velocity may be used to predict outcomes for prostate cancer patients.
Research shows that people who feel in control of their lives are less effective at coping with pain when it's beyond their control. Teaching psychological coping strategies helps reduce pain effects. The study suggests acceptance-based therapy may be a more effective approach to managing persistent pain.
Researchers found abnormalities in nerve cells that make and use serotonin in the brainstem of babies who died from SIDS, linking the condition to defects in the brainstem serotonin system. The study provides strong evidence for a biological basis of SIDS and potential diagnostic tests and treatments.
Stroke patients who receive constraint-induced movement therapy show significant improvement in arm and hand function, regaining 52% more time to complete tasks and performing 24% more tasks with the partially paralyzed arm. The study, led by Emory University researchers, found greater improvements than usual care over a year.
Researchers at UC Berkeley and LBNL have developed light-sensitive switches that can trigger chemical reactions, muscle contractions, and nerve cell stimulation. The goal is to equip retina cells with these switches to restore light sensitivity in people with macular degeneration.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that long-term use of topiramate can increase the propensity of calcium phosphate kidney stones due to metabolic acidosis and changes in urine pH and citrate levels. The study suggests a need for further research on optimal measures to prevent kidney-stone formation with topiramate use.
Sexual and reproductive tract infections like HPV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea have severe consequences such as cervical cancer, stillbirth, and tubal infertility. Effective measures like screening programs can prevent thousands of deaths and cases annually
Researchers found that daytime talk shows increased politically inattentive voters' likelihood of voting according to their own values and preferences by nearly 25% compared to those who didn't watch daytime television. The study highlights the significant impact of 'soft news' coverage on voting behavior.
Researchers found that a man's PSA velocity, or rate of increase in PSA levels, can accurately predict tumor aggression and danger. Men with lower PSA velocity have a 92% chance of not dying from prostate cancer within 25 years.
Researchers are using bacteria to manufacture a library of potential anti-cancer drugs, including analogues of streptorubin B, which could be more powerful than current synthetic options. The approach combines biology and organic synthesis to create complex structures.
New research finds that blacks in the US have a lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide of about 4 percent, comparable to the general population but higher than previous estimates. The study also reveals significant differences in suicide rates between men and women, as well as by education level and geographic region.
A recent MIT survey shows a dramatic shift in Americans' ranking of climate change as the country's most pressing environmental problem. Over three-quarters of respondents believe the government should take action to address global warming, and individuals are willing to spend their own money on mitigation efforts.
Researchers have used cicada wings as stamps to create negative imprints of nano-scale patterns on polymer films. The wings' waxy coating imparts a low surface tension, allowing for the creation of 'nano-wells' with promising anti-reflective properties.
Research published in Phytotherapy Research found that silymarin extract can significantly lower fasting blood sugar levels and reduce glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with type II diabetes. The study showed promising results, but further large-scale trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Two researchers argue that there is no conclusive evidence to support the link between HIV stigma and the global epidemic. Instead, they suggest that stigma may help slow the spread of the disease by reducing opportunities for contact between high- and low-risk groups.
Researchers found that turmeric extract inhibited joint destruction and inflammation, altering gene expression and preventing osteoclast activation. A dose of 1.5 milligrams per day may be effective for humans, suggesting a potential mechanism similar to anti-inflammatory drugs.
A three-week expedition to French Frigate Shoals discovered many new species of crabs, corals, sea cucumbers, and other organisms. The expedition's findings provide a better understanding of marine biodiversity in the Hawaiian Archipelago.
Researchers have discovered three new subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer tumors based on genetic patterns, which correlate with clinical outcomes such as survival rates and metastatic patterns. This finding may lead to more personalized treatment approaches for patients.
Recent research published in the Lancet has shown that nursing home patients with severe Alzheimer's disease experienced significantly improved cognitive function when treated with donepezil. Additionally, data suggests that these drugs are effective in patients with milder forms of Alzheimer's disease, sparking hope for a potential re...
A new study by Saint Louis University researchers shows a cocktail of ribavirin and Infergen is nearly twice as effective in controlling hepatitis C than standard treatments. Fourteen percent of patients taking the treatment were virus-negative after six months.
Researchers at Iowa State University are improving plastics made from corn and soy proteins by adding nanoclays and using high-powered ultrasonics. The goal is to create strong, biodegradable plastics with potential applications in packaging, disposable wraps, and other industries.
A team of researchers has developed a model that tests Pe-ter Richardson's long-held hypothesis about the formation of blood clots. The model, which uses high-speed computing, reproduces several odd features of thrombus growth observed in laboratory experiments and tissue pathologies.
A recent study by the University of Leeds reveals that consumers often trade off environmental performance for price, with most valuing bargains over eco-friendly options. Researchers identified three types of consumers: selectors, translators, and exceptors, who vary in their commitment to sustainable values.
A study analyzing hair samples from over 8,000 individuals found that babies can be exposed to crystal meth in the womb, with wide-ranging levels detected in both mothers' and newborns' hair. The findings suggest restricted fetal growth and developmental problems, highlighting the need for increased awareness and safety measures.