A team of Yale biomedical engineers and cell biologists received a $1-million grant to create smart nanoparticles for vaccine delivery. They aim to develop materials that mimic biological vectors, evading normal barriers and stimulating antigen-presenting cells.
A complex genetic mechanism determines honey bee gender and maximizes gene transmission to the next generation, allowing breeders to design better mating systems. The csd gene, shared among honey bees, evolved before they became different species.
The FBI's profiling method for serial killers is criticized for its limitations, particularly in cases involving women and non-Caucasian offenders. Experts argue that crime scenes often exhibit both organized and disorganized components, making it challenging to develop accurate profiles.
Researchers at UC Davis have successfully engineered fruit flies to respond to the scent of silkworm moths, a breakthrough that could lead to designing better chemicals to attract insects. The findings have important implications for agricultural pest control and medical entomology, with potential applications in suppressing insect com...
The DAYTRANA patch offers flexible wear times, allowing physicians to manage ADHD symptoms and minimize late-day side effects. The patch demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms, even when worn for shorter periods.
A phase 3 study demonstrated lisdexamfetamine dimesylate's effectiveness in reducing ADHD symptoms, with 95% of children showing significant improvement. The medication was well-tolerated, with side effects similar to those of marketed ADHD stimulants.
Researchers at NIST have developed a highly sensitive technique called delayed neutron activation analysis to improve the detection of nuclear materials. The technique can detect trace amounts of uranium-235 and plutonium-239 in less than three minutes, making it crucial for homeland security.
Two editorials in the American Journal of Hypertension argue that the TROPHY study is flawed due to its unusual definition of incident hypertension. The studies caution that the treatment may not be effective in preventing the development of hypertension, and instead suggest that it could cause a slow unmasking of high blood pressure.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified the Six3 gene as a critical regulator of lens development in mammalian embryos. The study shows that Six3 activation of the Pax6 gene is essential for the formation of the lens, and its absence leads to lens formation failure.
An international team of researchers has identified a novel gene mutation linked to Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which may offer a new pathway for tracking the disease process and potential drug treatments.
A new genetic analysis has revealed that flies and moths are most closely related to beetles, contrary to previous theory. This finding suggests that the ability of insects to cooperate in social groupings may have evolved just once, rather than independently in several different species.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have made a breakthrough in developing a new class of cancer drugs that target the Aurora B enzyme, which helps cells divide and can lead to uncontrolled cell growth in cancer. Early clinical trials suggest the drug's toxicity is mild, offering a revolutionary new way to treat cancer.
Research highlights the impact of manmade aerosols on oceanic heat content in the Southern Hemisphere, which may exacerbate climate change. Atmospheric models also improve representation of lower-tropospheric turbulence anisotropy.
A large study published in Journal of General Internal Medicine found that women with mental disorders are less likely to receive mammograms, especially those with psychotic disorders. However, the severity of depression and anxiety also plays a role in lower mammography rates.
A recent study challenges the long-held link between Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity and increased risk for hereditary breast cancer. The research highlights methodological flaws and unintended consequences, including disparities in access to care and stigmatization. For non-Ashkenazi Jewish women, similar prevalence studies are lacking.
Scientists have successfully dissociated water at high pressure to form a solid mixture of molecular oxygen and molecular hydrogen, creating an alloy. The researchers used x-rays to cleave the O-H bonds in water, resulting in a stable alloy that withstood various tests.
Researchers directly observed random walks of ellipsoidal particles suspended in water, revealing non-Gaussian behavior. The study rediscovered forgotten ideas from French physicist Francis Perrin, confirming the effects of rotational-translational coupling on non-spherical particles.
Scientists used NASA satellite data to identify regions with the most intense thunderstorms, finding that eastern Andes Mountains in Argentina and semi-arid regions like Sahara Desert have powerful storms. The study also found that rainy areas like western Amazonia and Southeast Asia experience frequent but relatively few severe storms.
Researchers have discovered a genetic risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may confer protection against Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The study highlights a major inflammatory pathway and identifies potential targets for therapies, including the manipulation of IL-23 pathway.
A study by Yale researchers has identified a gene variant associated with Crohn's disease, which may offer new therapeutic targets for the condition. The discovery was made in collaboration with international researchers who scanned the genome of over 300,000 individuals to identify genetic components of inflammatory bowel disease.
The University of Minnesota Center for Drug Design has been awarded a 5-year grant to study cyanide antidotes. Researchers aim to develop faster-acting treatments that can be taken before a cyanide attack, with the goal of improving outcomes for long-term survivors of acute poisoning.
Rimonabant reduces bodyweight and improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that rimonabant could be used as a new treatment option for patients who have not responded to standard treatments.
A large majority of Americans are willing to make significant changes in their lives and cooperate with public health officials' recommendations during a pandemic flu outbreak. However, many would face critical work-related problems and financial concerns if they had to stay home from work for an extended period.
A year-long study found that postmenopausal women who exercised regularly had about half the risk of colds compared to non-exercisers. Moderate exercise, such as brisk walking, boosted immune function and reduced markers of breast-cancer risk.
A study found that caesarean rates vary substantially between and within countries, with some populations having little or no access to surgical delivery. The researchers estimate that 80,000 births had an unmet need for surgical delivery, representing 15% of global maternal deaths in 2000.
The use of videoconferencing in a twinning program between Jordan and Canada improved patient care, compliance, and trust. The program showed positive impacts on treatment changes, second opinions, and introduction of new concepts in pediatric oncology.
Researchers at the University of Calgary discovered that elite goalies should focus their gaze directly on the puck to make a save. This 'Quiet Eye' phenomenon allows goalies to successfully block shots over 75% of the time.
A physician-led organization believes that regaining control of training would lead to improved morale among doctors. The GMC needs to modernize its processes to enable independent functioning under its direction. This, in turn, could result in better quality of care and public trust.
Joseph Dwyer is studying the phenomenon of runaway breakdown in lightning, which creates high-energy electrons that make x-rays. His research aims to understand how lightning works and could lead to new discoveries.
A new genetic link has been found for Crohn's disease, revealing a crucial target for drugs that might better manage the condition. The discovery of a specific gene variant confers significant protection against IBD, suggesting therapies targeting the IL-23 pathway may lead to more individualized treatments.
Astrophysicists have resolved a long-standing issue with the Big Bang theory by studying gas movements in stars. Computer models revealed that low mass stars destroy helium 3 before it can be released into space, resolving the discrepancy.
The Lancet evaluates the five candidates vying for the Global Fund's top job, with Hilde Johnson and Michel Sidibe emerging as leaders. The Editorial highlights the importance of partnership, evaluation, and accelerated results in optimizing grant performance and mobilizing resources.
A new study by Olaf Sporns and Max Lungarella provides insight into how the brain operates and sheds light on its evolution. The researchers created a mathematical framework that quantifies the relationship between neural and behavioral processes, revealing that the brain and body are interconnected.
Researchers created a mathematical code that describes how low-mass stars destroy helium-3 during evolution. This process resolves the discrepancy between helium-3 abundance and the Big Bang theory, providing insights into the universe's early stages.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are exploring the use of fat-derived stem cells for breast reconstruction, aiming to create durable replacement soft tissue. The study, led by Dr. J. Peter Rubin, may provide a safer option for breast cancer patients, avoiding invasive surgery and potential risks.
Researchers have unraveled the evolution of the csd gene in honey bees, which determines gender. The study's findings could aid in designing better breeding strategies to avoid sterile males.
Research found that healthcare professionals are hesitant to report child physical abuse due to fear of misidentification and confrontation with families. The study suggests that education, training, and support are needed to address this issue and improve reporting rates.
Researchers at UGA discovered a bacterial gene switch that regulates the conversion of sulfur compounds in ocean water to atmospheric emissions, impacting global warming. This breakthrough could help understand the biology and ecology of this process and its practical applications.
A recent study has identified a new genetic link to Crohn's disease, revealing that mutations in the IL-23 receptor gene are strongly associated with the condition. The researchers found that one type of mutation provides significant protection, paving the way for more individualized and effective treatments.
A Medical College of Georgia bioinformatics expert has received a $15 million NIH grant to continue operating the Coordinating and Bioinformatics Unit. The grant will support the development of animal models for diabetic complications, including cardiovascular disease and kidney damage.
A novel combination therapy has been developed to prevent three common viruses – cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and adenovirus – in transplant patients. The treatment, called Trivirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), proved effective and safe in a phase 1 trial, reducing the risk of death from these infections.
Researchers found a two- or three-dose schedule may be as effective as the traditional four-dose schedule in preventing pneumococcal disease in young children. The vaccine showed high effectiveness against seven strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, with 96% efficacy in healthy children and 81% in those at risk.
The study identified two genes linked to Crohn's disease: Nod2 and IL-23R. This discovery may lead to improved diagnosis and targeted drug therapies for patients with Crohn's disease.
A team of researchers found that earthquake swarms can occur anywhere with seismic activity, challenging the long-held assumption that they are only linked to volcanic and geothermal zones. The study suggests that swarminess in these areas may be driven by hot water or magma pushing fault seams apart.
The Honey Bee Genome Sequencing Project has shed light on the biology of honey bees, revealing a possible cause for their sensitivity to insecticides and the characteristics of their silk. The study also found that bee silk is more amenable to artificial production than other insects, with potential applications in textile manufacturing.
The AGA Institute's report emphasizes the need for gastroenterologists to adapt to changing practices, technologies, and economic pressures. Key findings include the potential obsolescence of common endoscopic procedures due to technological advancements and increased utilization of nurse practitioners and physician assistants.
A comprehensive analysis of over 100 studies reveals that biodiversity loss will have severe consequences on ecosystem function, including pest control, organic waste management, food production, and water purification. The study suggests that protecting biodiversity is crucial to maintaining these essential services.
A new study reveals that traditional ranchers are being priced out of business as wealthy 'amenity' owners buy up large ranches around Yellowstone National Park. These new owners often prioritize restoration of native ecosystems, large-scale conservation projects, and innovative approaches to blending conventional ranching with non-let...
A new study by the American College of Chest Physicians found that nicotine replacement therapy may increase the risk of death for smokers admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Researchers compared patient outcomes between a group that received NRT and those who did not, finding a higher mortality rate among NRT recipients.
ASU researchers have identified ancestral genes from solitary predecessors as likely connected to social behavior in honeybees. The study mapped behavior precisely to genome regions using high recombination rates, revealing a conserved pathway of insulin signaling involved in foraging decisions.
Researchers have found a remarkably well-preserved fossil lamprey from the Devonian period that reveals today's lampreys as 'living fossils.' The discovery pushes back the lamprey fossil record by 35 million years and adds essential new detail to the emerging picture of early vertebrate evolution.
A study by Ohio State University suggests that the rise of the Appalachian Mountains may have caused a major ice age around 450 million years ago. This phenomenon, known as an 'icehouse' effect, was triggered by the weathering of volcanic rocks and the resulting decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota discovered that erotic images can trigger unconscious brain responses in individuals based on their gender and sexual orientation. The study found that even when subjects were unaware of the images, they shifted their visual attention accordingly. The results suggest that the brain processes v...
Research suggests that asthma diagnosis may be overdiagnosed in obese patients, while inadequate workplace safety education is linked to an increased incidence of occupational asthma. Additionally, a study finds that diabetes increases the prevalence of asthma, and heart murmurs are more common in women.
Researchers discovered a critical regulatory link between hypoxia and heat shock responses, with HIF-1 at the center. The gene's activity was found to be crucial in both normal and pathological changes, making it a promising target for health promotion and cancer treatments.
Researchers have sequenced the honey bee genome, revealing insights into its remarkable social behavior and highly developed sense of smell. The study found that honey bees originated in Africa, have a unique set of genes related to odorant receptors, and exhibit complex social cues.
The honey bee's molecular structure of its biological clock is more similar to mammals than to flies, according to groundbreaking research. The key genes involved in the biological clock were identified and characterized, opening up new directions for understanding complex behaviors like sun-compass navigation and time sensing.
Researchers traced the migration of honey bees from Africa to Europe, revealing two distinct European populations that are more related to African honey bees than each other. The study used genetic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism markers, increasing the level of detail possible in genetic analysis.
A pioneering study has found that the tumor suppressor gene p53 plays a crucial role in regulating communication between tumor cells and their surrounding stroma. The study identified 111 secreted proteins, 39 of which were enhanced and 21 inhibited by wt-p53 expression.
The honey bee genome study reveals that high recombination rates boost genetic diversity, leading to increased social complexity, colony performance, and fitness. The study also found context-dependent functions for Major Royal Jelly Protein genes, which play a crucial role in royal jelly production and behavior.