A new study in The Lancet suggests that universal newborn screening for cystic fibrosis is associated with lower treatment costs and reduced hospital admissions. This could lead to cost savings that offset the costs of the screening program, making it a more viable option globally.
A study by researchers at the University of Bristol found that female woodhoopoes that started breeding later in life produced more offspring than those that started earlier. The researchers attributed this to a high mortality rate among young females, suggesting they were not yet in optimal condition to breed.
Researchers at the Technical University of Munich have successfully produced genetically engineered spider silk protein using genetic engineering, revealing crucial insights into the spinning process. The study found that the interaction between hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the proteins plays a key role in thread formation.
Researchers have identified a piece of doggy DNA that reduces growth in small breeds, ensuring they stay small. The study found a haplotype in all breeds of small dogs, suggesting it is a major contributor to body size.
Researchers found that ICD devices help patients with heart problems live longer, more active lives. Patients living with ICDs report high levels of emotional, physical, and functional well-being, comparable to average Americans of the same age.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University found that treatment with TGF-beta inhibitors may help prevent cancer metastasis in patients. Additionally, a study from the University of Michigan discovered that a negative feedback pathway involving leptin receptor signaling may contribute to leptin resistance in obese individuals.
Researchers discovered how cells fine-tune oxygen use to make do with limited availability. They found that under stress, cells replace one protein with an energy-efficient substitute to maintain power production.
The study found that certain biofuel crops, such as switchgrass and hybrid poplar, can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 85% compared to gasoline and diesel. These crops also offset the largest amounts of fossil fuels reduced emissions when used for electricity generation via biomass gasification.
Researchers found that adults exhibit a 'curse-of-knowledge bias' when reasoning about false beliefs, with their own knowledge influencing their ability to reason. Additionally, age affects false memory development, with children showing improved performance at older ages. The study also discovered a circadian rhythm in central process...
Researchers analyzed 24 years of data from a cooperative bird species, finding that delayed breeding was not costly to lifetime reproductive success for females. In contrast, males showed reduced reproductive success due to shorter breeding careers. The study challenges the long-held assumption that delayed breeding is always detrimental.
Bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 50-90 ty, while pneumonic plague can be fatal in most cases. A Yersinia Pestis strain in Madagascar shows multiple antimicrobial resistance, making treatment challenging.
A new study led by the University of Georgia finds that older breast cancer survivors experience persistent physical and emotional challenges, with reduced quality of life. The research highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve well-being among this population.
A new study found that ibuprofen significantly raises the risk of heart attacks in high-risk cardiovascular patients taking aspirin for osteoarthritis. The Mount Sinai researchers' findings underscore the importance of considering NSAID interactions with aspirin in these patients.
Dr. John H. Morrison has received a $5 million MERIT Award to support his research on brain cell adaptability and its impact on age-related cognitive decline. This recognition highlights the strength of Mount Sinai faculty during a challenging time for researchers.
A new antiretroviral drug darunavir has been shown to be highly effective in treating HIV when used in conjunction with a boosting dose of the existing drug ritonavir. The study found that 61% of patients taking the new drug achieved a ten-fold drop in HIV RNA levels, compared to just 15% of those on the control group.
A study of over 1600 men found that increased neuroticism and worry were linked to higher mortality rates from cancer and heart disease. However, the study also suggests that reducing stress and anxiety can lead to improved survival rates.
Researchers from Oregon State University found a high level of naturally-regenerating tree seedlings in burned forest lands. The density of surviving conifers was similar to that of traditional old-growth forests, with some plots already having larger trees considered 'free to grow' by forestry standards.
The journal reveals how changing protein charges enables cell membrane passage and introduces an enzyme's role in synthesizing antibiotics against resistant bacteria. Additionally, researchers develop artificial methods to induce keratinocytes' differentiation, providing insight into diseases like psoriasis and basal cell carcinoma.
A study by University of Alberta researchers found that cultural differences affect how people interpret facial cues, with Japanese focusing on eyes and Americans on mouth. The findings suggest that understanding culture is essential when interpreting facial expressions.
Research found ibuprofen may boost the likelihood of heart problems in high-risk patients with osteoarthritis. High-dose ibuprofen was linked to a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes compared to other treatments, including lumiracoxib and naproxen.
The new magnet will be the world's strongest for neutron experiments, allowing scientists to study high-temperature superconductors and hydrogen structure in various materials. It is part of a $23.1-million project funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research.
A new study aims to understand how college students network online and interact with each other in virtual communities. The research team, led by Professor Susan Barnes, will develop an undergraduate course on social media to explore the use of software for social interaction.
Scientists have created a technique to directly control brain cell activity with light, enabling experimentation with neural circuits and potentially leading to therapies for disorders like depression and Parkinson's disease. The 'traffic light' system uses light-sensitive proteins to selectively stimulate or dampen different neurons.
A study found that dairy products, non-caffeinated beverages, and fruits/vegetables can worsen the taste of cigarettes. Researchers propose a 'Quit Smoking Diet' or alternative treatments to deter smoking.
Two reliable methods are presented for creating and detecting specific proteins, as well as characterizing the activities of specific genes during embryonic development. The methods involve attaching a GST tag to a protein of interest or using a reporter protein to visualize gene expression in transgenic mouse embryos.
Karl Scheidt and his team have synthesized 10 different flavanones, a type of flavonoid, using a new general method that takes advantage of one simple catalyst. The findings provide a method for making new molecules based on flavonoids, setting the stage for the development of new cancer therapeutics.
Researchers at Penn are studying a new airway bypass treatment that creates pathways in the lung for trapped air to escape, relieving emphysema symptoms. The procedure involves placing stents to keep the passageways open and is being tested in an international clinical trial.
The Arctic sea-ice extent in March 2007 was the second lowest on satellite record, at 5.7 million square miles. Researchers attribute declining sea ice to rising greenhouse gases and strong natural variability.
Project Strive, a UCLA research project, aims to reconnect chronically homeless teens with their families, teaching them skills to manage conflict and prevent further runaways. The intervention program offers five short-term sessions between parents and adolescents, focusing on emotional management, communication, and problem-solving.
Researchers completed laying a 52 km cable for the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) observatory, providing power and data connectivity to deep-sea instruments. The MARS system will enable continuous monitoring of ocean conditions, allowing scientists to track changes over time.
Researchers have found that the Earth's magnetic field was nearly as strong 3.2 billion years ago as it is today, contrary to previous studies. The discovery suggests that the Earth was well protected from the solar wind, which can strip away a planet's atmosphere and bathe its surface in lethal radiation.
Researchers discovered how nicotine adjusts neuronal wiring to enhance memory, including effects on GABAergic neurons and calcium-mediated signaling. This work provides insights into the mechanism of nicotine's learning-enhancing effects, which may lead to development of new treatments for cognitive deficits.
Thirteen interdisciplinary research teams from UT Southwestern, UT Arlington, and UT Dallas have received grants totaling $1.3 million to pursue collaborative projects. The projects aim to stimulate efforts at the interface between biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, computer science, and mathematics.
Two studies found that exposure to even cartoonish children's violent video games increases aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. A third study showed that frequent play of violent video games leads to a more aggressive worldview and behaviors in school-aged children. Both studies support the idea that violent video game exp...
A new study from UCSD reveals that California's tobacco control program has led to a significant increase in smoking cessation rates, especially among young adults. Cessation rates have risen by 50% among those aged 20-34, while daily cigarette consumption has declined, particularly among older smokers.
Dr Alwyn Ruddock's extraordinary claims about her research on John Cabot's voyages to America have been explored by Dr Evan Jones of the University of Bristol. Ruddock's findings suggest that Cabot explored a large section of the American coastline, claiming it for England in the process.
Researchers at San Francisco VA Medical Center found that administering glucose to treat hypoglycemia actually causes brain damage in rats, contrary to previous assumptions. Oxidative stress is triggered by the sudden return of glucose, leading to neuron death.
Neurobiologists found that richer individuals are slower to learn associating a stimulus with financial reward, leading to slower brain responses in reward areas. The study also measured marginal utility of money, finding greater wealth reduces the likelihood of picking up coins on the street.
A recent study published in BMC Medicine found that immunomodulatory agents can slow multiple sclerosis progression but are only prescribed to a minority of cases. Women and Caucasians were more likely to receive these treatments, highlighting disparities in care.
Astronomers observed a massive star suffering a double whammy, with the star surviving one outburst before exploding as Supernova 2006jc. The study found that the supernova's blast wave interacted with material ejected by the star two years earlier, indicating a unique stellar evolution process.
Scientists have found a new approach to treating human cancers by understanding how a plant hormone, auxin, interacts with its receptor, TIR1. This discovery may lead to the development of new cancer drugs by targeting ubiquitin ligases, which are involved in various human diseases.
Research published in Thorax found that a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and nuts protects against allergic rhinitis and asthma symptoms among children. The study analyzed dietary habits, respiratory symptoms, and allergic reactions of over 700 children living on the Greek island of Crete.
A team of UNH and Dartmouth researchers will develop models for controlled thermonuclear fusion and turbulence in the Sun's environment. The grant supports a new center, CICART, which aims to leverage interdisciplinary collaborations and federal funding.
A study found that daily multivitamin supplements given to HIV-negative pregnant women in Tanzania significantly reduced the risks of low birth weight and a small-for-gestational age birth size. The results suggest that enhancing micronutrient status during pregnancy has significant benefits on maternal immunity and hemoglobin levels.
A national survey reveals a gender gap in America's school systems, with women making up only 18% of school leaders. Minority women face additional challenges, often serving troubled districts and taking longer to secure superintendent positions.
The number of certified geriatricians in the US is declining, with only 67% of fellowship positions filled in 2005-06. Geriatric students are deterred by lower salaries and smaller work schedules.
A RAND Corporation study reveals that people with stronger religious ties are less likely to spread HIV. The study found that moral beliefs and faith community membership may play a crucial role in reducing high-risk behaviors.
Dr. Jayakrishna Ambati's research on macular degeneration has led to a breakthrough discovery that may help patients fight the condition. With a $750,000 grant, Ambati will develop a phase 1 clinical trial to test new therapies for age-related macular degeneration.
A new nuclear medicine technique using annexin A5 imaging may help identify individuals at risk of developing heart failure by detecting programmed cell loss in the heart muscle. This could lead to earlier intervention and improved treatment options, as cell death is a key factor in worsening left ventricular events.
Researchers have discovered that a transcription factor KLF15 controls glucose production in the liver. Mice deficient for KLF15 experience severe hypoglycemia due to an inability to produce glucose through gluconeogenesis, a process dependent on amino acids and enzymes.
A recent analysis reveals that inland water bodies are significant areas of terrestrial carbon transformation, deserving inclusion in global carbon cycle assessments. The findings show that rivers transport complex transformations of carbon, with half entering the atmosphere and 12% stored in sediments.
Research suggests that women initiating hormone therapy closer to menopause may have a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, but this effect was not statistically significant. The study found no increased risk of stroke in younger women or those with fewer years since menopause.
The researcher will receive a $400,000 grant to develop sophisticated computer models that can predict wear problems on various surfaces, including materials used in semiconductor and data storage devices. The study aims to understand how abrasive nanoparticles cause friction and surface wear, with potential applications in the product...
A 4-step process can be completed quickly and efficiently to assess potential living liver donors. Despite challenges, the process results in a significant proportion of donors undergoing successful transplantation, emphasizing the importance of careful workup and informed consent.
A recent study in Japan found partial resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors among influenza B viruses, which may have implications for treatment and prevention strategies. The emergence of these resistant variants poses a significant concern, as they can cause infections with no difference in duration or clinical outcome.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have demonstrated that injured pancreatic cells readily regenerate back into healthy acinar cells. This finding holds promise for treating cancer and inflammation of the pancreas, while shifting focus from regenerating insulin-producing beta cells.
Early-stage breast cancer patients who receive a single method of treatment, such as tamoxifen or chemotherapy, have improved survival rates. Chemotherapy shows modest yet sustained benefits in relapse-free and overall survival, particularly in younger women and those without ovarian suppression.
A rare case of hepatitis B virus transmission between two patients at a dentist's office has been documented, highlighting the need for meticulous infection control. Universal vaccination against HBV would likely have prevented both cases.
Researchers found that fruit flies' flight patterns are optimal for searching, using scale-free movement with intermittent turns. This behavior is also observed in other animals, including humans and crickets, suggesting a unified theory for finding food.
A combination of sumatriptan and naproxen sodium is more effective in treating migraine than either medication alone, with superior efficacy in headache relief and sustained pain-free response. The treatment targets multiple pathogenic mechanisms in migraine, offering advantages over single therapy.