NASA'S Swift sees double supernova in galaxy
Astronomers have observed two Type II and Type Ia supernovae exploding in the same galaxy just 16 days apart. The rare event is unlikely to be related to anything unusual about the galaxy.
Science News Archive June 2007
Page 3 of 17
A new system for collaboration in cell communication
Researchers at IRB Barcelona identified a new signaling mechanism in Drosophila melanogaster that allows two independent groups of cells to collaborate and send signals to target cells. This mechanism is crucial for proper cell function and development.
Chronic conditions in children will pose future health and welfare challenges
The incidence of chronic conditions among American children is increasing, with rates of obesity, asthma, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tripling over the past three decades. Rapid social and environmental changes are believed to be the probable cause.
New research spares children the pain of the needle
A new study by researchers at the University of Nottingham found that oral antibiotic treatment can be as effective as injections in treating childhood pneumonia. The study involved 243 children and showed that oral treatment led to reduced pain, shorter hospital stays, and fewer oxygen therapy sessions.
Inaugural IBM Blue Gene/P system to expand Argonne leadership-class computing facility
The inaugural IBM Blue Gene/P system will enhance researchers' ability to conduct breakthrough science and engineering at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. The new system will provide a leading computing capability for advancing knowledge in fields such as climate change, biology, and energy sustainability.
NASA's new gamma ray satellite currently lodging in a comfortable 'clean room'
The GLAST team is testing the satellite in a 'clean room' to prevent contamination due to dust and humidity. The clean environment ensures the sensitive instruments are protected during development, construction, and testing.
Bisphosphonate treatment is associated with jaw bone problems
Patients treated with bisphosphonates are at higher risk of jaw bone deterioration or infection. The use of intravenous bisphosphonates has been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw or facial bones, a condition caused by poor blood supply to the area.
More than just bare bones -- New research suggests emotions can affect recovery from hip surgery
A new study by Saint Louis University researchers found that patients' emotional well-being is a crucial factor in determining the success of hip surgery. The clinical test used to evaluate hip function was shown to be less effective than previously thought, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive approach to patient care.
Frog molecule could provide drug treatment for brain tumors
Researchers have identified a synthetic version of a frog-derived molecule that could provide a new treatment option for brain tumors. The molecule, known as Amphinase, targets the sugary coating on tumor cells and inactivates RNA within them, causing the tumor to die.
Among youth in US, whites have highest incidence of diabetes
A study published in JAMA found that non-Hispanic white youth have the highest incidence of diabetes, with type 1 being the predominant kind. The study, which included over 2,400 multi-ethnic youth with newly diagnosed diabetes, also found a significant increase in type 1 diabetes cases worldwide during the past two decades.
Other highlights in JNCI, June 26
Researchers investigated the effect of finasteride on sexual function in over 17,000 men, finding minimal impact. A new trial design aims to better evaluate targeted therapies by identifying a molecular cutoff point for responsive patients.
Biotech breakthrough could end biodiesel's glycerin glut
Rice University researchers discovered a bacterium that ferments glycerin and produces ethanol, reducing operational costs by 40 percent. This biotech breakthrough could alleviate the industry's glycerin glut, forcing producers to shutter plants.
UGA scientists receive $20M in federal bioenergy initiative
The University of Georgia has received a $20 million funding from the Department of Energy for its role in the Bioenergy Science Center. The center aims to reduce plant cell wall resistance and develop consolidated bioprocessing methods to convert biomass into biofuels.
Emergency department guidelines enhance quality patient care
University of Cincinnati researchers have created a unique online system to reduce medical errors and improve patient care in local hospital emergency departments. The initiative, called the Committee for Procedural Quality and Evidence-Based Practice (CPQE), covers numerous conditions from triage and diagnosis to treatment and discharge.
Cord blood may preserve insulin levels in children with type 1 diabetes
Researchers found that cord blood infusions significantly reduced insulin requirements and improved blood sugar control in children with type 1 diabetes. The treatment also increased regulatory immune cells, suggesting potential immunotherapy benefits.
Greenhouse gas burial
Researchers have found that deep coal seams can be used for permanent storage of carbon dioxide, displacing methane and potentially reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. The study suggests that unmineable coal seams could represent a vast sink for CO2 produced by industry.
MIT tool determines landslide risk in tropics
Engineers at MIT developed a simple system to determine an area's landslide risk using data on history of landslides, bedrock type, slope inclination, and vegetation growth. The tool is especially applicable to developing countries in Southeast Asia where detailed analysis has not been performed.
Weight management program cuts diabetes risk, improves BMI in overweight children
A Yale-developed weight management program cut diabetes risk and improved BMI in overweight children by increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing body fat. The Bright Bodies program, which combined nutrition education, behavior modification, and exercise, was more effective than traditional clinic-based counseling.
Nanoparticles carry chemotherapy drug deeper into solid tumors
Researchers have developed a new drug delivery method using nanoparticles that carries the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin deeper into solid tumors, improving its effectiveness. This treatment approach resulted in increased tumor growth prevention and longer survival times for mice compared to traditional methods.
Cancer research specialist and HSPH professor awarded Medal of Honor from WHO cancer agency
Cancer researcher Dimitrios Trichopoulos received a medal of honor from the World Health Organization's cancer agency for his work linking passive smoking to lung cancer. He has also explored the Mediterranean diet's role in reducing cancer and heart disease risk.
Community Oncology explores pitched debate over anemia-fighting drugs
Scientists, oncologists, and critics explore the use of ESAs, which can boost oxygen-carrying red blood cells and improve quality of life, but may be overprescribed due to cost and drug company influence. The debate highlights the need for fair and balanced review of data to ensure patients' needs are met.
Bioelectronics
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry have developed a novel, noninvasive sensor that couples ion streams directly to microelectronic devices using direct cell–chip contact. This breakthrough enables selective measurement techniques for diagnostics and drug research without destroying the cells.
SARS survivors recover from physical illness, but may experience mental health decline
Most SARS survivors have pulmonary and functional recovery from their acute illness, but a decline in mental health is reported one year after discharge. Caregivers also show a decline in mental health due to lifestyle interference and loss of control.
Whites underestmate the costs of being black, study finds
A study by Ohio State University found that most white Americans believe living as a black person would cost less than $10,000, but would need $1 million to give up television. This suggests a lack of understanding about persistent racial disparities in the US, including lower income and wealth for blacks.
New genetic marker characterizes aggressiveness of cancer cells
Researchers at the University of Chicago discovered a new genetic marker called let-7, which appears to define different stages of cancer. The study found that high levels of let-7 expression are associated with less aggressive cancer, while low levels are linked to poor prognosis.
Borowski wins second prize in Acoustical Society of America's Best Student Paper competition
Brian Borowski, a graduate student at Stevens Institute of Technology, won second prize for his paper on passive acoustic threat detection distances in estuarine environments. His research was conducted in cooperation with the Maritime Security Laboratory and reviewed measurements of acoustical parameters to define detection distances.
Disease outbreak detection, retinal gene therapy
Researchers developed network models that detect localized outbreaks better and are more resilient to unexpected shifts in healthcare utilization. Retinal gene therapy also improves visual cortex responses to light stimulation, even after prolonged blindness, in congenitally blind patients.
Improper consumption of acidic foods could lead to destroyed enamel
Consuming acidic foods and beverages can lead to tooth erosion, causing decay and damage to dental enamel. Dr. Bartlett advises patients to wait at least 20 minutes before brushing after eating or drinking an acidic food or beverage, and to minimize snacking throughout the day.
Scientists call for global push to advance research in synthetic biology
Scientists from leading institutions worldwide issue a statement highlighting the critical importance of synthetic biology, citing its potential to solve eco-safe energy issues, outbreaks of malaria, and more. The Ilulissat Statement emphasizes the need for an international effort to advance research while developing protective measures.
Down in the mouth?
Bisphosphonates may cause osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients taking these medications. Women should inform their dentists if they take bisphosphonates to reduce risk. Meanwhile, Burning Mouth Syndrome can be caused by xerostomia, and treatment depends on the patient's condition.
DOE Joint Genome Institute secures long-term lease on production genomics facility
The DOE JGI has secured a five-year extension with an option for five more years, allowing expansion of its 80,000 sq ft facility in Walnut Creek. The new addition will feature administrative and informatics staff, as well as an education outreach laboratory.
Shoulder tapping -- U of M study finds young men more willing to purchase alcohol for underage youth
A University of Minnesota study found that nearly 20% of young males are willing to purchase alcohol for underage youth when approached outside an alcohol establishment. The study also discovered that adults in urban areas were nine times more likely to make the purchase compared to those in suburban areas.
Can you hear me now? Stem cells enhance hearing recovery
Researchers have shown that bone marrow stem cells can speed up hearing recovery in rats with damaged inner ears. The stem cells repaired the injured cochlear fibrocytes, leading to faster recovery of high-frequency hearing, and improved hearing by 23% compared to natural regeneration.
Gender may play role in recovery from pneumonia after ozone exposure
Researchers found that mice exposed to ozone before infection died more often than those breathed filtered air. Female mice were also less likely to survive pneumonia exposure compared to males, regardless of genetic variation. The study suggests considering the impact of environmental pollutants on health by gender.
Nanotechnology: consumers must be convinced benefits outweigh risks
The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies warns that uncertainty about nanotech benefits and risks will hinder its development. Experts propose a strategic risk research plan to address these concerns.
Baby poop gives Stanford researchers inside scoop on development of gut microbes
Researchers mapped gut microbes in 14 healthy babies over their first year of life, finding unique microbial communities that persist throughout life. The study highlights the dynamic nature of gut ecosystems and potential factors underlying fluctuations in bacterial abundance.
Obesity associated with a lower risk of tuberculosis in older Chinese population
A study of over 42,000 individuals aged 65 and older in Hong Kong found that obese or overweight participants had a significantly lower risk of developing active tuberculosis compared to those at a normal weight. The researchers suggest that obesity may be associated with a lower risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly population.
OHSU scientists find antidepressant, bone loss link
Two studies by OHSU scientists found that elderly men taking SSRIs have lower bone mineral density, while elderly women taking the drugs experience a higher rate of yearly bone loss. The researchers caution against drawing conclusions about causality but suggest screening and extra protection may be needed.
Women's mortality rates for cardiovascular disease differ widely among hospitals
The study found that women treated at top-performing hospitals have a significantly lower risk-adjusted mortality rate for cardiovascular disease, with an average improvement of 8.7%. The greatest quality gaps were seen in heart failure and interventional cardiology procedures.
Ground gas gizmo boosts brownfield building
A new invention, Gasclam, can continuously monitor underground methane levels, allowing for more efficient brownfield development. This technology could lead to increased construction on previously restricted sites.
Human-like altruism shown in chimpanzees
New study reveals chimpanzees act altruistically toward genetically unrelated conspecifics, even when no reward is expected. This finding suggests the evolutionary roots of human altruism may be deeper than previously thought, reaching back to the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
A new technique for building nanodevices in the lab
Researchers create microscopic devices as small as 10 nanometers, enabling simultaneous real-time atomic imaging and potential applications in sensors, electronics, and DNA sequencing. The new technique surpasses traditional methods, producing reliable metal nanostructures with novel mechanical properties.
Personal comments by physicians distract from patient needs
A University of Rochester investigation found that physician self-disclosures have no benefits and may disrupt patient information flow. Most physicians believed self-disclosure was a good idea for building relationships, but the study showed it was actually doctor-centered and beneficial to the physician, not the patient.
HIV in prisons, road deaths in Africa
In two Thai prisons, Médecins Sans Frontières successfully delivered HIV prevention and treatment programs, showing comparable clinical outcomes with other settings. Meanwhile, research highlights the need for increased surveillance and efforts to address escalating road traffic injuries in Africa.
Scientists identify first gene linked to scoliosis
Researchers have discovered the CHD7 gene, which underlies scoliosis, a condition characterized by C- and S-shaped curves. The study's findings suggest that a defect in the gene leads to reduced production of the CHD7 protein, correlating with the onset of scoliosis.
World's first X-ray free electron laser is on course to completion
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world's first X-ray free electron laser, producing pulses of light one billion times brighter than current sources. The device will enable scientists to discover new states of matter and probe chemical reactions in real-time.
Shoulder tapping -- Young males are most willing to purchase alcohol for underage youth
A new study examines 'shoulder tapping,' where an underage person asks a stranger to purchase alcohol. Young males are the most willing to participate, with 19% of adults in this demographic agreeing to buy beer for an underage youth. This behavior can lead to serious problems, including traffic crashes and unplanned pregnancies.
Researchers achieve first signal on the Cryogenic Maldi-FTMS
The Cryogenic MALDI-FTMS technology enables unbiased view of disease by identifying proteins and biomarkers. This will aid in disease diagnosis, identification, and treatment options.
March of the giant penguins
Two newly discovered species of giant prehistoric penguins lived in equatorial Peru during the Eocene epoch, contradicting previous hypotheses on penguin evolution and climate change. The species, Icadyptes salasi and Perudyptes devriesi, stood up to 5 feet tall and had unique beak features.
Further legitimization of fibromyalgia as a true medical condition
Muhammad B. Yunus synthesizes extensive literature on fibromyalgia and central sensitivity syndromes, linking them to real neurochemical abnormalities. He advocates for a biopsychosocial perspective in treating chronic pain syndromes.
Scripps research study links chronic methamphetamine abuse and cardiovascular disease
A Scripps Research study found that chronic methamphetamine abuse can lead to vascular inflammation and deterioration, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study also discovered that long-term methamphetamine users have aberrant immune responses, producing proinflammatory cytokines.
Commonly prescribed antidepressants associated with lower bone density in older men and women
Two studies found that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are linked to increased rates of hip bone loss, particularly among women over 78 years old. The research suggests that SSRIs may interfere with the function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, leading to reduced bone density.
Takeda's investigational DPP-4 inhibitor demonstrated efficacy
Alogliptin, a highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor, demonstrated significant reductions in mean 4-hour plasma glucose levels across multiple doses. The study also showed sustained inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity and improved glucose control without increased risk of hypoglycemia.
Study finds estrogen therapy gives aging brain cells a boost
A new study conducted at Mount Sinai School of Medicine found that cyclical estrogen injections protected brain cells from age-related deterioration. The research suggests that a critical window of opportunity exists in which estrogen therapy may be helpful in preventing memory loss, and that timing is crucial.
U. of Colorado study shows desert droughts lead to earlier annual mountain snow loss
A University of Colorado study reveals wind-blown dust from desert droughts can shorten mountain snow cover by a month, impacting water supply and agricultural resources. The study found seasonal snow coverage in the San Juan Mountains disappeared 30 days earlier due to heavy dust deposition.
Smoking may interfere with alcoholics' neurocognitive recovery during abstinence
A new study suggests that smoking can interfere with the neurocognitive recovery of alcoholics during their first six to nine months of abstinence. Non-smoking alcoholics showed significant improvement in areas such as mental efficiency, problem-solving, and working memory compared to smoking alcoholics.
New adjuvant treatments for breast cancer prove cost-effective
Two new studies found that switching to exemestane and adding trastuzumab improves disease-free survival and life expectancy in early breast cancer patients, at minimal additional cost. The treatments have been projected to save thousands of dollars per patient over their lifetime.
Portion-control dishes may help obese diabetics lose weight
Researchers found that using portion-control dishes led to an average weight loss of 1.8% among participants, compared to 0.1% for those receiving usual care. Additionally, more patients using the dishes experienced a decrease in diabetes medication use after six months.
Virginia Tech researchers to study poplar tree as model biomass crop
The project aims to identify protein-protein interactions associated with biomass production in poplar wood, which could make large-scale production more economically feasible. Researchers will use genomics and computational biology techniques to study the molecular biology of poplar cell wall-related biomass production.
Substance in tree bark could lead to new lung-cancer treatment
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered how the compound beta-lapachone kills certain cancer cells, leading to a new paradigm for treating non-small cell lung cancer. Beta-lapachone interacts with an enzyme called NQO1, present in high levels in non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumors.